Lecture 6

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The document discusses concepts related to fluid mechanics including: 1) Two examples of centrifugal pump problems calculating speed, vane angle, and work done per KN of water given pump specifications like diameters and flow velocities. 2) Two problems calculating work done per KN of water for centrifugal pumps operating at given speeds and with given diameters and flow velocities. 3) Discussions of concepts like Newton's law of resistance, lift and drag forces on objects in fluid flow, Reynolds number, boundary layers, and boundary layer thickness.

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Lecture 6 Fluid Mechanics II Muhammad Usman

Example 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problem 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Newton’s Law of Resistance ,[object Object]

Assumptions for the Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lift and Drag ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reynold’s Number ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Boundry Layer ,[object Object],[object Object]

Boundry Layer Thickness ,[object Object]

In this paper, an analysis was done on laminar boundary layer over a flat plate. The analysis was performed by changing the Reynolds number. The Reynolds number was changed by changing horizontal distance of the flat plate. Since other quantities were fixed, the Reynolds number increased with increment of horizontal distance. Iterations were increased in scaled residuals whenever the Reynolds number was increased. Maximum value of velocity contour decreased with the increment of the Reynolds number. The value of the largest region of velocity contour decreased with the increment of the value of the Reynolds number and it also affected the appearance of contour. The value of pressure contour increased with the increment of the Reynolds number. Vertical distance versus velocity graph was not depended on the Reynolds number. In this graph, the velocity increased rapidly with the increment of vertical distance for a certain period. After that, the velocity decreased slightly with the increment of vertical distance. Finally, the velocity became around 1.05 m/s.

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B.TECH. DEGREE COURSE SCHEME AND SYLLABUS (2002-03 admission onwards) MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY,mg university, KTU KOTTAYAM KERALA Module 1 Introduction - Proprties of fluids - pressure, force, density, specific weight, compressibility, capillarity, surface tension, dynamic and kinematic viscosity-Pascal’s law-Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids-fluid statics-measurement of pressure-variation of pressure-manometry-hydrostatic pressure on plane and curved surfaces-centre of pressure-buoyancy-floation-stability of submerged and floating bodies-metacentric height-period of oscillation. Module 2 Kinematics of fluid motion-Eulerian and Lagrangian approach-classification and representation of fluid flow- path line, stream line and streak line. Basic hydrodynamics-equation for acceleration-continuity equation-rotational and irrotational flow-velocity potential and stream function-circulation and vorticity-vortex flow-energy variation across stream lines-basic field flow such as uniform flow, spiral flow, source, sink, doublet, vortex pair, flow past a cylinder with a circulation, Magnus effect-Joukowski theorem-coefficient of lift. Module 3 Euler’s momentum equation-Bernoulli’s equation and its limitations-momentum and energy correction factors-pressure variation across uniform conduit and uniform bend-pressure distribution in irrotational flow and in curved boundaries-flow through orifices and mouthpieces, notches and weirs-time of emptying a tank-application of Bernoulli’s theorem-orifice meter, ventury meter, pitot tube, rotameter. Module 4 Navier-Stoke’s equation-body force-Hagen-Poiseullie equation-boundary layer flow theory-velocity variation- methods of controlling-applications-diffuser-boundary layer separation –wakes, drag force, coefficient of drag, skin friction, pressure, profile and total drag-stream lined body, bluff body-drag force on a rectangular plate-drag coefficient for flow around a cylinder-lift and drag force on an aerofoil-applications of aerofoil- characteristics-work done-aerofoil flow recorder-polar diagram-simple problems. Module 5 Flow of a real fluid-effect of viscosity on fluid flow-laminar and turbulent flow-boundary layer thickness-displacement, momentum and energy thickness-flow through pipes-laminar and turbulent flow in pipes-critical Reynolds number-Darcy-Weisback equation-hydraulic radius-Moody;s chart-pipes in series and parallel-siphon losses in pipes-power transmission through pipes-water hammer-equivalent pipe-open channel flow-Chezy’s equation-most economical cross section-hydraulic jump.

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Report on Types of fluid flow fluid dynamics Introduction In physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects: steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving. Note that fluid flow can get very complex when it becomes turbulent. Physicists haven’t developed any elegant equations to describe turbulence because how turbulence works depends on the individual system whether you have water cascading through a pipe or air streaming out of a jet engine. Usually, you have to resort to computers to handle problems that involve fluid turbulence. Types of fluid flow:  Aerodynamic force  Cavitation  Compressible flow  Couette flow  Free molecular flow  Incompressible flow

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A fluid is a state of matter in which its molecules move freely and do not bear a constant relationship in space to other molecules. In physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects: steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or non-viscous, and rotational or irrotational to name a few. Some of these characteristics reflect properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving. Fluids are :- Liquid : blood, i.v. infusions) Gas : O2 , N2O) Vapour (transition from liquid to gas) : N2O (under compression in cylinder), volatile inhalational agents (halothane, isoflurane, etc) Sublimate (transition from solid to gas bypassing liquid state) : Dry ice (solid CO2), iodine

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1. Lecture 6 Fluid Mechanics II Muhammad Usman

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