This document discusses several common network topologies: - Bus topology connects each computer to a central cable and uses terminators on each end. Messages pass each station to reach their destination. - Star topology connects each computer to a central hub. Signals are transmitted from sender to all computers through the hub. - Ring topology connects computers in a single loop or circle of cable with signals traveling in one direction through each computer. - Mesh topology interconnects all devices, allowing most transmissions to be distributed even if one connection fails. It provides redundancy but is also very expensive.

1. Computer Network
Peer to peer vs. Server basic
Network
DIT Part 1
Lecture 4
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2. Networking Topologies
• Physical layout of nodes on a network is called
topologies.
• Physical layout of local area network is called
topologies.
• The physical topology of a network refers to the
configuration of cables, computers and other
peripherals.
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3. Topologies Types
• Bus Topologies.
• Star Topologies.
• Ring Topologies.
• Mesh Topologies.
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4. Bus Topologies
• A Bus Topologies that connects each computer or
workstation cable to the network.
• The cable is ended with the terminator.
• The transmission is passed and back forth along
the cable, passes each station and between two
terminators, carrying a message for one end of
the network to the other.
• As message is passing each station. The station
check the destination address of the message.
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5. Bus Topologies
• If the Message address match, it deliver to the
that station, if not so it will passes to the other
station.
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7. Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages
• Works well for small networks
• Relatively inexpensive to implement
• Easy to add to it
Disadvantages
• Management costs can be high
• Potential for congestion with network traffic
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8. Star Topologies
• Cable segments are form each computer are
connected to a centralized component call hub.
“Signals are
transmitting form
sender computer
through the hub to
all computers on
the network”
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9. Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages
• Good option for modern networks
• Low startup costs
• Easy to manage
• Offers opportunities for expansion
• Most popular topology in use; wide variety of
equipment available
Disadvantages
• Hub is a single point of failure
• Requires more cable than the bus
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10. Ring Topologies
• The ring topology connects computer on a single
circle of cable. Unlike there are no terminated
end.
• The signals travel around the loop in one
direction and pass through each computer.
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11. Advantages
• Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective
node or cable problem
• Well-suited for transmitting signals over long
distances on a LAN
• Handles high-volume network traffic
• Enables reliable communication
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12. Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Requires more cable and network equipment at
the start
• Not used as widely as bus topology
– Fewer equipment options
– Fewer options for expansion to high-speed
communication
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13. Mesh Topologies
• A network setup where each computer and
network device is interconnected with one
another.
• Allowing for most transmissions to be distributed,
even if one of the connections go down.
• Every node not only sends its own signals but also
relays data from other nodes.
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14. Mesh Topologies
• This type of topology is very expensive as
there are many redundant connections.
• it is not mostly used in computer networks.
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15. Advantages
• Data can be transmitted from different devices
simultaneously. This topology can withstand
high traffic.
• Even if one of the components fails there is
always an alternative present. So data transfer
doesn’t get affected.
• Expansion and modification in topology can be
done without disrupting other nodes.
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16. Disadvantages
• There are high chances of redundancy in many
of the network connections.
• Overall cost of this network is way too high as
compared to other network topologies.
• Set-up and maintenance of this topology is
very difficult. Even administration of the
network is tough.
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18. Label the Topologies
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