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Lecture 14.1 & 14.2- Gas Laws & KMT
- 10. Not for the faint at heart…
Editor's Notes
- A crash dummy can be used to test the effectiveness of an air bag. Because gases can be compressed, the air bag absorbs some of the energy from the impact of a collision. Air bags work best when combined with seat belts.
- There are only a few nitrogen and oxygen molecules in this model of air. At room temperature, the distance between molecules in a container of air at standard pressure is about 10 times the diameter of a molecule.
- The volume of this air-filled raft is much larger than its volume before it was inflated. Using a pump to force air into a raft increases the pressure of the air inside the raft. The increased pressure causes the raft to inflate to its intended size.
- When a gas is pumped into a closed rigid container, the pressure increases as more particles are added. If the number of particles is doubled, the pressure will double. Predicting What would happen to the pressure in the container if the number of particles were tripled? If the number of particles were cut in half?
- The pressure of the gas inside a new can of spray paint is greater than the air pressure outside the can. When gas rushes though an opening in the top of the can, it propels, or forces, paint out of the can. As the can is used, the pressure of the propellant decreases. Relating Cause and Effect What happens when the pressure of the propellant equals the air pressure outside the can?
- A piston can be used to force a gas in a cylinder into a smaller volume. When the volume is decreased, the pressure the gas exerts is increased. Interpreting Diagrams What happens to the gas pressure when the volume is reduced from 1 L to 0.5 L?
- An increase in temperature causes an increase in the pressure of an enclosed gas. The container can explode if there is too great an increase in the pressure.
- An increase in temperature causes an increase in the pressure of an enclosed gas. The container can explode if there is too great an increase in the pressure.
- In a pressure cooker, food cooks faster than in an ordinary pot with a lid.
- When a gas is heated at constant volume, the pressure increases. Interpreting Diagrams How can you tell from the drawings that there is a fixed amount of gas in the cylinders?
- When the gas in the blue balloon is cooled at constant pressure, the volume of the gas decreases. When the gas is heated at constant pressure, the volume increases. Calculating What is the ratio of volume to temperature for each set of conditions? Round your answer to two significant figures .