Lecture 10-sterilization and
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This document discusses sterilization and disinfection in a medical laboratory setting. It defines sterilization as the destruction of all microorganisms using physical means like heat or radiation, or chemical agents. The main purposes of sterilization are to prepare specimens and materials, sterilize contaminated items, and prepare apparatus for cultures. Methods of sterilization include physical methods like dry heat, moist heat, and radiation. Specific techniques covered are hot air ovens, flaming, boiling water, and autoclaving which uses high temperature steam under pressure to kill all microbes including spores.
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Sterilization methods and principles
This document discusses various methods of sterilization that are important in pharmaceutical applications. It describes heat sterilization methods including moist heat using steam and dry heat. Other methods discussed are gaseous sterilization using ethylene oxide or formaldehyde, liquid sterilization using peracetic acid or hydrogen peroxide, radiation sterilization using gamma rays or UV light, and filtration sterilization using membrane filters. Tests for sterility including membrane filtration and direct transfer methods are also summarized along with considerations for evaluating sterilization methods.
Sterilization
This document discusses sterilization methods including heat, steam, and ethylene oxide sterilization. It explains that heat sterilization can be dry or moist, and steam sterilization using an autoclave is the most common method. It describes the phases of sterilization including loading, heating, exposure, drying, and testing. Guidelines are provided for packaging, storage and handling of sterile items. Quality control tests like Bowie Dick, biological and chemical indicators are summarized. Flash sterilization and ethylene oxide sterilization are also briefly covered.
Sterilization and disinfection i
The ppt is all about the physical methods of Sterilization. it is simplified way and can be helpful. I made did for BSc MLT class.
Sterilization and Disinfection
Sterilisation and disinfection methods lecture notes for Allied Health Sciences and Nursing Students. Various methods of sterilisation and disinfection used in health care settings in order to prevent hospital acquired infection.
Sterilization & disinfection
This document provides information on sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines sterilization as removing all microorganisms including bacterial spores and viruses, while disinfection removes some or all microorganisms but not necessarily spores. Various sterilization methods are discussed including heat (dry and moist), filtration, radiation, and sterilant gases. Specific processes within each method like autoclaving, flaming, and membrane filtration are described. Categories of disinfectants like alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, and phenolics are also outlined. Tests for evaluating disinfectant efficacy are briefly mentioned.
Autoclave
The autoclave uses steam under pressure to sterilize laboratory equipment and supplies. It operates by generating saturated steam at high temperatures, typically 121°C, which is able to destroy all microbial life, including bacterial spores. There are two main types - horizontal autoclaves that use downward displacement of air, and vacuum-assisted autoclaves that remove air via vacuum before introducing steam. Proper loading and maintenance are required to ensure effective sterilization.
Hot air oven
This document provides information about a hot air oven and its uses. It discusses how hot air ovens work by providing temperatures higher than the atmosphere, typically between 50-250°C, and are used for rapid drying and sterilization. It also details how a hot air oven is used for the standard method of determining seed moisture content by precisely heating samples to eliminate water. Specifications are given for common crops dried in hot air ovens, including temperatures and drying times.
Sterilisation new ppt (1)
Sterilization is a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life. It is important to sterilize medical equipment and surfaces to prevent infection. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Heat sterilization can be achieved through dry heat using an oven, or moist heat using an autoclave. Filtration can sterilize heat-sensitive materials using various types of filters. Radiation such as gamma rays and UV light also effectively sterilize. Chemical methods involve the use of chemicals like alcohol, phenol, and aldehydes that kill microbes. Proper sterilization requires validating the process works through controls and following guidelines for different
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Sterilization methods and principles
This document discusses various methods of sterilization that are important in pharmaceutical applications. It describes heat sterilization methods including moist heat using steam and dry heat. Other methods discussed are gaseous sterilization using ethylene oxide or formaldehyde, liquid sterilization using peracetic acid or hydrogen peroxide, radiation sterilization using gamma rays or UV light, and filtration sterilization using membrane filters. Tests for sterility including membrane filtration and direct transfer methods are also summarized along with considerations for evaluating sterilization methods.
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This document discusses sterilization methods including heat, steam, and ethylene oxide sterilization. It explains that heat sterilization can be dry or moist, and steam sterilization using an autoclave is the most common method. It describes the phases of sterilization including loading, heating, exposure, drying, and testing. Guidelines are provided for packaging, storage and handling of sterile items. Quality control tests like Bowie Dick, biological and chemical indicators are summarized. Flash sterilization and ethylene oxide sterilization are also briefly covered.
Sterilization and disinfection i
The ppt is all about the physical methods of Sterilization. it is simplified way and can be helpful. I made did for BSc MLT class.
Sterilization and Disinfection
Sterilisation and disinfection methods lecture notes for Allied Health Sciences and Nursing Students. Various methods of sterilisation and disinfection used in health care settings in order to prevent hospital acquired infection.
Sterilization & disinfection
This document provides information on sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines sterilization as removing all microorganisms including bacterial spores and viruses, while disinfection removes some or all microorganisms but not necessarily spores. Various sterilization methods are discussed including heat (dry and moist), filtration, radiation, and sterilant gases. Specific processes within each method like autoclaving, flaming, and membrane filtration are described. Categories of disinfectants like alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, and phenolics are also outlined. Tests for evaluating disinfectant efficacy are briefly mentioned.
Autoclave
The autoclave uses steam under pressure to sterilize laboratory equipment and supplies. It operates by generating saturated steam at high temperatures, typically 121°C, which is able to destroy all microbial life, including bacterial spores. There are two main types - horizontal autoclaves that use downward displacement of air, and vacuum-assisted autoclaves that remove air via vacuum before introducing steam. Proper loading and maintenance are required to ensure effective sterilization.
Hot air oven
This document provides information about a hot air oven and its uses. It discusses how hot air ovens work by providing temperatures higher than the atmosphere, typically between 50-250°C, and are used for rapid drying and sterilization. It also details how a hot air oven is used for the standard method of determining seed moisture content by precisely heating samples to eliminate water. Specifications are given for common crops dried in hot air ovens, including temperatures and drying times.
Sterilisation new ppt (1)
Sterilization is a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life. It is important to sterilize medical equipment and surfaces to prevent infection. There are physical and chemical methods of sterilization. Physical methods include heat, filtration, and radiation. Heat sterilization can be achieved through dry heat using an oven, or moist heat using an autoclave. Filtration can sterilize heat-sensitive materials using various types of filters. Radiation such as gamma rays and UV light also effectively sterilize. Chemical methods involve the use of chemicals like alcohol, phenol, and aldehydes that kill microbes. Proper sterilization requires validating the process works through controls and following guidelines for different
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Sterilization is the process of removing or destroying all forms of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses. It uses physical, chemical and mechanical methods to destroy microbes. Physical methods include heat sterilization using moist heat (autoclaving) or dry heat. Radiation sterilization uses gamma rays, x-rays or UV light. Chemical sterilization employs gases like ethylene oxide or liquids like alcohol and phenol. Proper sterilization is essential for disinfecting medical equipment and surgical tools to prevent infection.
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This document discusses various terms and methods related to sterilization. It defines sterilization as making a substance free from all microorganisms, and discusses different related terms such as disinfection, antisepsis, and decontamination. It then describes various sterilization methods including thermal or heat methods using dry heat or moist heat, radiation, filtration, and gaseous methods. Specific sterilization tools and processes are explained, such as autoclaving, hot air ovens, and the use of ethylene oxide gas. The key advantages and disadvantages of different sterilization methods are also summarized.
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An autoclave is a device invented by Charles Chamberland in 1884 that uses steam under pressure to sterilize surgical equipment, laboratory instruments, and other materials. Autoclaves expose items to increasing temperatures under high pressure until 121°C is reached, then hold the steam for 15-20 minutes to eliminate microorganisms through physical sterilization methods. Autoclaving provides a dependable way to sterilize laboratory glassware, medical instruments, and other items.
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The document discusses various methods of disinfection and sterilization. It describes physical methods like dry heat which uses techniques like hot air ovens at 160°C for 1 hour to sterilize items. Moist heat methods are also discussed, which use steam under pressure to sterilize at temperatures above 100°C. Chemical methods involve the use of liquid disinfectants like alcohols, aldehydes and halogens or gaseous agents like ethylene oxide and formaldehyde. The different classifications of items based on sterility requirements - critical, semi-critical and non-critical are also mentioned.
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The document discusses sterilization and autoclaves. It defines sterilization as removing microorganisms through processes like heat, chemicals, irradiation, or filtration. An autoclave is then described as a pressurized device that uses high temperature steam to achieve sterilization above water's boiling point. The document outlines the basic components, construction, and operating principles of autoclaves, including how increased pressure allows for higher sterilization temperatures. It also discusses autoclave usage, types, limitations, maintenance procedures, and quality control measures like indicators.
Disinfection
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This document discusses sterilization methods used in dentistry, focusing on autoclaves. It describes how autoclaves use steam under pressure and high heat to sterilize instruments in 15-20 minutes. Two main types are discussed: downward displacement and vacuum. Proper use requires loading, pressurizing to 15 PSI and heating to 121 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to effectively kill microbes. Autoclaves provide rapid and effective sterilization but items must be heat tolerant and safety precautions like protective equipment are important when using the high pressure and temperature equipment.
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This document discusses the importance of asepsis and surgical asepsis. It defines asepsis as the state of being free from microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Surgical asepsis involves proper preparation of facilities, equipment, surgical site, and surgical team to prevent infection. This includes practices like hand washing, skin preparation, sterilizing instruments, and wearing proper attire. It emphasizes maintaining a sterile field during procedures and limiting movement and conversation to minimize contamination. Strict aseptic techniques help reduce the need for antibiotics after surgery.
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The document discusses autoclaves, which are machines that sterilize materials using steam under pressure. It defines an autoclave and describes its key components like the pressure chamber and lid. It explains how autoclaves work by using steam heat to kill microbes at temperatures above 100°C. The document outlines the general procedure for operating an autoclave and notes some common types. It lists the main uses of autoclaves in medical and laboratory settings and important safety precautions.
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This document discusses sterilization and disinfection methods. It defines sterilization as making something free of all microorganisms, while disinfection reduces microorganisms to non-harmful levels. Physical sterilization methods discussed include heat, radiation, filtration and ozone. Chemical sterilization agents include alcohols, aldehydes, phenols and halogens. Autoclaving uses high-temperature steam under pressure to reliably kill microbes on materials like instruments and media. Proper temperature and time are needed for effective sterilization.
Sterilization.pptx
Sterilization is the process of eliminating all forms of life through heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, or filtration. There are physical methods like heat and radiation, chemical methods, and gaseous methods. Moist heat sterilization in an autoclave uses pressurized steam at 121-134°C for 15-30 minutes to destroy microorganisms through protein denaturation. Dry heat sterilization in a hot air oven requires higher temperatures like 160°C for 60 minutes and uses conduction and convection to penetrate materials and kill microbes through oxidative damage. Both methods are effective at sterilizing heat-stable items but moist heat is more rapid while dry heat is used for items that cannot get
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This document discusses various terms and methods related to sterilization. It defines sterilization as making a substance free from all microorganisms, and discusses different related terms such as disinfection, antisepsis, and decontamination. It then describes various sterilization methods including thermal or heat methods using dry heat or moist heat, radiation, filtration, and gaseous methods. Specific sterilization tools and processes are explained, such as autoclaving, hot air ovens, and the use of ethylene oxide gas. The key advantages and disadvantages of different sterilization methods are also summarized.
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An autoclave is a device invented by Charles Chamberland in 1884 that uses steam under pressure to sterilize surgical equipment, laboratory instruments, and other materials. Autoclaves expose items to increasing temperatures under high pressure until 121°C is reached, then hold the steam for 15-20 minutes to eliminate microorganisms through physical sterilization methods. Autoclaving provides a dependable way to sterilize laboratory glassware, medical instruments, and other items.
Presentation on hot air oven.
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The document discusses various methods of disinfection and sterilization. It describes physical methods like dry heat which uses techniques like hot air ovens at 160°C for 1 hour to sterilize items. Moist heat methods are also discussed, which use steam under pressure to sterilize at temperatures above 100°C. Chemical methods involve the use of liquid disinfectants like alcohols, aldehydes and halogens or gaseous agents like ethylene oxide and formaldehyde. The different classifications of items based on sterility requirements - critical, semi-critical and non-critical are also mentioned.
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The document discusses sterilization and disinfection in dentistry. It begins with introducing the importance of sterilization due to the risk of transmission of infections from dental professionals to patients. It then defines key terms like sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, and classifications. The document goes on to describe various sterilization methods including physical methods like heat and radiation, and chemical methods. It provides details on sterilization of dental instruments and monitoring sterilization effectiveness.
1 ASEPSIS & STERILIZATION
The document discusses various methods of asepsis, sterilization, and disinfection. It defines key terms like cleaning, asepsis, antiseptic, disinfectant, sterilization, and sanitizing. It describes different sterilization methods including physical methods like heat, filtration, and radiation as well as chemical methods using alcohols, aldehydes, and other agents. It provides details on specific sterilization techniques and the mechanisms by which they kill microorganisms.
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- 2. Learning Objectives At the end of this chapter, the student will be able to: • Define sterilization and disinfection. • Identify the various ways of sterilization techniques. • Explain why materials are sterilized in medical laboratory. • Describe how to disinfect and decontaminate laboratory waste.
- 3. Sterilization • Sterilization is the process of destruction or elimination of all forms of microorganisms by: – physical means (including heat, radiation, and filtration) – chemical agents (acids, alkalis, heavy metals, salts, halogens, etc). The equipment or material treated then becomes “Sterile”.
- 4. main purposes of Sterilization 1. In preparation for taking specimens, such as needles, syringes, test tubes, etc. 2. To sterilize contaminated materials and equipments. 3. To prepare apparatus used for bacteriologica cultures, such as petridishes, Pasteur pipettes, and others.
- 5. Methods of sterilization techniques.Methodsofsterilization techniques Physical method/Mechanical methods Chemical methods
- 6. Physical method/Mechanical methods Physical method Dry heat (hot air oven, flaming and red - hot) Moist heat (autoclave or steam under pressure and boiling Radiation
- 7. Mechanical methods • Hot Air oven • Owing to the low penetrating power of dry heat and great resistance of bacteria to it, higher temperatures are needed with a hot- air oven than with an autoclave. A temperature of 180c0 for 30 minutes will kill most resistant spores. • The material to be sterilized is placed in an oven and the temperature is raised and maintained at 180c0 for 30 minutes.
- 8. Mechanical methods • The sterilized material should not be removed until the oven is cold. • This is important particularly with pertidishes, as cold air will be sucked in to them, causing contamination, if they are removed before the oven is cold. • This is due to the contraction of hot air as it cools. This method is used only for glass or metal articles such as test tubes, petridishes, all glass syringes, and instruments.
- 9. Flaming • Metal spatula, glass slides, and cover slips may be sterilized by passing them through a Bunsen flame, with out letting them become red hot. • Red - hot • Wire loops and tips of forceps may be sterilized by heating them in a Bunsen flame until they become red hot and allow the materials (instruments) to cool before using them.
- 10. Moist heat • Boiling water • Moist heat may be applied by boiling water or steam. Boiling water is generally used for sterilizing instruments and syringes. These are boiled for 10 minuets in a water bath. • This will kill all non-sporing organisms but certain spore forming organisms can resist the temperature of boiling water for 1-2 hours.
- 11. • The addition of 2% sodium carbonate increases the disinfecting power of boiling water for 1-2 hours. Spores, which resist boiling water for 10 hours, have been killed within 30 minutes by the addition of sodium carbonate. Sodium carbonate also prevents the rusting of metal instruments. – This method is unsuitable if instruments are to be stored in a sterile condition.
- 12. Steam under pressure (autoclave) • Autoclave is an instrument that operates by creating high temperature under steam pressure. Autoclaving is the most common, effective, reliable and practical method of sterilizing laboratory materials.
- 13. Steam under pressure (autoclave) • The principle of autoclave is that steam is kept at a pressure of 15 pound (lb) per square inch to give a temperature of 121c0, which will kill spores with in 15 minutes. At this particular temperature, pressure and time, all forms of lives are destroyed.
- 14. Steam under pressure (autoclave) • Uses • Steam is more penetrating than hot air, and will give up its latent heat on striking a colder object; there by raising the temperature of the object rapidly It is used to sterilize: – syringes, – needles, – glasswares, – culture media, etc.
- 15. Autoclave