This document provides definitions and explanations of key anatomical terms related to the structure and movement of the human body. It discusses human anatomy, histology, and neuroanatomy. It defines anatomical positions and planes, as well as terms like median, medial, lateral, anterior, posterior, proximal, distal, superficial, deep, superior, and inferior. It also explains types of movements at joints like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, pronation, supination, circumduction, protraction, and retraction. Specific movements of the hand, fingers, foot, and thumb are defined.

1. MLS Level 3
Ms.Elham Saad

2. - Human anatomy : study of the structure of the human
body and the relationship of its constituent parts to each
other.
- Histology : study of tissues [including the cells] by means
of a microscope.
- Neuroanatomy : study of the nervous system, both by
gross anatomy and microscopically.
Introduction to Anatomy

3. Terms Definition
Anatomical
position
the person is standing erect, with the upper
limbs by his sides and the face and palms
of the hands are directed forward.
Median sagittal
plane
It is a vertical plane passing through the
center of the body, dividing it into 2 equal
halves right and left.
Para median
plane
Any plane that lies parallel to the median
plane on the right or left sides.

4. Terms Definition
Coronal planes: vertical planes at right angles to
the median plane.
Horizontal (transverse)
planes
at right angles to both the
median and coronal planes.

6. Terms Meaning
Median on the midline.
Medial nearer to the median plane.
Lateral away from the median plane.
Anterior near to the front of the body.
Posterior near to the back of the body.
In the hand:
Palmar:
Dorsal:
anterior
posterior
In the foot:
Plantar:
Dorsal:
anterior
posterior

7. Paramedian
plane medial
lateral
median

8. Proximal
Distal
Terms Meaning
Proximal near to the root of the
limb.
Distal Far away from the root
of the limb.
Superficial near to the surface of
the body.
Deep far away from the
surface of the body.
Superior near to the upper end
of the body.
Inferior far away from the
upper end of the body.

9. Terms of movements
Joint: the site where 2 or more
bones meet.
Movements in the sagittal plane:
1.Flexion: usually approximating
two anterior surfaces together
but sometimes two posterior
surfaces as in the knee joint.
2. Extension: straightening the joint
and usually takes place in a
posterior direction.

10. Movements in the coronal plane:
1. Lateral flexion: movement of the
trunk or the head in the coronal
plane.
2. Abduction: movement of the limb
away from the midline of the body.
3. Adduction: movement of the limb
toward the body.
In the hand:
Abduction and adduction of fingers are
movements away from and toward
the middle finger (the axis).
In the foot:
Abduction and adduction of fingers are
movements away from and toward
the second toe (the axis).

11. Terms Definitions
Rotation movement of a part of the body around
its long axis.
Medial rotation anterior surface of the part faces
medially.
Lateral rotation anterior surface the part faces laterally
Pronation of the
forearm
medial rotation of the forearm where
the palm of hand faces posteriorly.
Supination of the
forearm
the lateral rotation of the forearm
where the palm of hand faces anteriorly.

13. Terms Definition
Circumduction
combination of flexion, abduction,
extension, and adduction in sequence.
Protraction forward movement
Retraction Backward movement
Inversion movement of the foot so that the sole
faces medially.
Eversion movement of the foot so that the sole
faces laterally.

15. Movements of the thumb
Terms Definition
Flexion movement of the thumb medially across the palm in the
coronal plane.
Extension movement of the thumb laterally away from the palm in
the coronal plane.
Abduction movement of the thumb anteriorly away form the palm in
the sagittal plane.
Adduction movement of the thumb posteriorly toward the palm in the
sagittal plane

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