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BRD Medical College
Department of Anatomy
TERMINOLOGY
Dr.Rahul Singh
(MBBS)
(MD 2ND
YEAR)
COMPETENCIES
• Describe anatomical terms
• Explain the general anatomy and microscopic structure of
each system of the body
• Identify relative positions of the major body organs as
well as their general anatomical locations
• Explore the effect of alterations in structure
• Apply knowledge of anatomical structures to analyse
clinical situations and therapeutic applications
Introduction to Anatomy
• The branch of science which deals with
the structural organization of living
being.
• Ana - (Apart) : Tome - To cut (Greek)
• Dissecare (Latin): To cut apart
Subdivision of Anatomy
• Cadaveric anatomy- Regional and Systemic anatomy
• Living anatomy- Inspection, Palpation, Percussion,
Auscultation, Endoscopy, Radiography
• Embryology (Developmental) anatomy
• Histology (Microscopic) anatomy
• Surface (Topographic) anatomy
• Radiographic and imaging anatomy
• Comparative anatomy
• Physical anthropology
• Applied (Clinical) anatomy
• Experimental anatomy
• Genetics
Anatomical position
 A common visual reference point
 Person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward
 Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from
the body.
 Regional terms-
• Names of specific body areas
• Axial region- the main axis of the
body
• Appendicular region- the limbs
 Directional terminology-
• Refers to the body in
anatomical position
• Standardized terms of directions
are paired terms
Orientation and Directional Terms
Table 1.1 (1 of 3)
Table 1.1 (2 of 3)
Terms
Table 1.1 (3 of 3)
Orientation and Directional
Terms
Positions and Directions
 Prone : Lying face down
 Supine : Lying face up
 Unilateral : Pertaining to one side
of the body
 Bilateral : Pertaining to both sides
of the body
Positions and Directions
Lithotomy Position
• Person lying on her back with legs up and feet supported
in straps.
• This position is mostly used during delivery of the baby.
Body Planes and Sections
 Coronal (frontal)
plane- Lies vertically
and divides body into
anterior and posterior
parts
 Sagittal Plane- Vertical
plane divide body into
right and left.
Sagittal plane that exactly
cut in the middle called
midsagittal or median
plane.
Sagittal plane that offset
from median plane
parasagittal plane.
 Transverse plane-
Runs horizontally and
divides body into
superior and inferior
part
Figure 1.6
Body Planes and Sections
Oblique section
through the trunk
MOVEMENTS
Flexion Bending
Extension Straightening
Abduction Moving away from the reference axis
Adduction Bringing closer to the reference axis
Protrusion Forward
Retrusion Backward
Elevation Superiorly to the reference axis
Depression Inferiorly to the reference axis
Lateral rotation Rotation away from the midline
Medial rotation Rotation toward the midline
Pronation
Medial rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the
hand facing posteriorly (if in anatomical position)
Supination
Lateral rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the
hand facing anteriorly (if in anatomical position)
Circumduction Combination of: flexion, abduction, extension, adduction
Deviation Ulnar and radial abduction of the wrist
Opposition Bringing the thumb in contact to a finger
Reposition Separating the thumb from the digits
Inversion Plantar side toward the medial plane
Eversion Plantar side away from the medial plane
MOVEMENTS
 Flexion
Bending a joint or decreasing
the angle between two planes.
 Extension
Straightening a joint or
increasing the angle between
two bones.
Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension
MOVEMENTS
 Adduction
Moving a body part towards
the midline of the body.
 Abduction
Moving a body part away
from the midline of the body.
MOVEMENTS
MOVEMENTS
 Pronation
Turning the arm or foot
downward (palm or sole of
the foot down)
 Supination
Turning the arm or foot
upward (palm or sole of the
foot up)
MOVEMENTS
Retraction– Moving a
part backward
Protraction– Moving a
part forward
Elevation– Raising a part
Depression– Lowering a
part
MOVEMENTS
 Rotation– Turning on a
single axis
 Circumduction– Tri planar,
circular motion at the hip
or shoulder
 Internal rotation– Rotation
of the hip or shoulder
toward the midline
 External rotation– Rotation
of the hip or shoulder
away from the midline
MOVEMENTS
 Lateral Flexion
Side-bending left or right
MOVEMENTS
 Inversion – Turning the sole of
the foot inward
 Eversion – Turning the sole of
the foot outward
 Dorsiflexion – Ankle
movement bringing the foot
upwards
 Plantarflexion – Ankle
movement pointing the foot
downwards
MOVEMENTS
 Radial Deviation –
Movement of the wrist
towards the radius or
lateral side.
 Ulnar Deviation –
Movement of the wrist
towards the ulna or
medial side.
 Opposition – Movement
of the thumb across the
palm of the hand.
MOVEMENTS
Terminology.pdf

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Terminology.pdf

  • 1. BRD Medical College Department of Anatomy TERMINOLOGY Dr.Rahul Singh (MBBS) (MD 2ND YEAR)
  • 2. COMPETENCIES • Describe anatomical terms • Explain the general anatomy and microscopic structure of each system of the body • Identify relative positions of the major body organs as well as their general anatomical locations • Explore the effect of alterations in structure • Apply knowledge of anatomical structures to analyse clinical situations and therapeutic applications
  • 3. Introduction to Anatomy • The branch of science which deals with the structural organization of living being. • Ana - (Apart) : Tome - To cut (Greek) • Dissecare (Latin): To cut apart
  • 4. Subdivision of Anatomy • Cadaveric anatomy- Regional and Systemic anatomy • Living anatomy- Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation, Endoscopy, Radiography • Embryology (Developmental) anatomy • Histology (Microscopic) anatomy • Surface (Topographic) anatomy • Radiographic and imaging anatomy • Comparative anatomy • Physical anthropology • Applied (Clinical) anatomy • Experimental anatomy • Genetics
  • 5. Anatomical position  A common visual reference point  Person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward  Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body.
  • 6.  Regional terms- • Names of specific body areas • Axial region- the main axis of the body • Appendicular region- the limbs  Directional terminology- • Refers to the body in anatomical position • Standardized terms of directions are paired terms
  • 7. Orientation and Directional Terms Table 1.1 (1 of 3)
  • 8. Table 1.1 (2 of 3) Terms
  • 9. Table 1.1 (3 of 3) Orientation and Directional Terms
  • 10. Positions and Directions  Prone : Lying face down  Supine : Lying face up  Unilateral : Pertaining to one side of the body  Bilateral : Pertaining to both sides of the body
  • 11. Positions and Directions Lithotomy Position • Person lying on her back with legs up and feet supported in straps. • This position is mostly used during delivery of the baby.
  • 12. Body Planes and Sections  Coronal (frontal) plane- Lies vertically and divides body into anterior and posterior parts
  • 13.  Sagittal Plane- Vertical plane divide body into right and left. Sagittal plane that exactly cut in the middle called midsagittal or median plane. Sagittal plane that offset from median plane parasagittal plane.
  • 14.  Transverse plane- Runs horizontally and divides body into superior and inferior part
  • 15. Figure 1.6 Body Planes and Sections Oblique section through the trunk
  • 16. MOVEMENTS Flexion Bending Extension Straightening Abduction Moving away from the reference axis Adduction Bringing closer to the reference axis Protrusion Forward Retrusion Backward Elevation Superiorly to the reference axis Depression Inferiorly to the reference axis Lateral rotation Rotation away from the midline Medial rotation Rotation toward the midline Pronation Medial rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing posteriorly (if in anatomical position) Supination Lateral rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing anteriorly (if in anatomical position) Circumduction Combination of: flexion, abduction, extension, adduction Deviation Ulnar and radial abduction of the wrist Opposition Bringing the thumb in contact to a finger Reposition Separating the thumb from the digits Inversion Plantar side toward the medial plane Eversion Plantar side away from the medial plane
  • 17. MOVEMENTS  Flexion Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two planes.  Extension Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones.
  • 19. MOVEMENTS  Adduction Moving a body part towards the midline of the body.  Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline of the body. MOVEMENTS
  • 20. MOVEMENTS  Pronation Turning the arm or foot downward (palm or sole of the foot down)  Supination Turning the arm or foot upward (palm or sole of the foot up)
  • 21. MOVEMENTS Retraction– Moving a part backward Protraction– Moving a part forward Elevation– Raising a part Depression– Lowering a part
  • 22. MOVEMENTS  Rotation– Turning on a single axis  Circumduction– Tri planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder  Internal rotation– Rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline  External rotation– Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline
  • 24. MOVEMENTS  Inversion – Turning the sole of the foot inward  Eversion – Turning the sole of the foot outward  Dorsiflexion – Ankle movement bringing the foot upwards  Plantarflexion – Ankle movement pointing the foot downwards
  • 25. MOVEMENTS  Radial Deviation – Movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side.  Ulnar Deviation – Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side.  Opposition – Movement of the thumb across the palm of the hand.