This document provides an overview of anatomical terminology and concepts. It defines anatomy as the study of structural organization of living beings. It then discusses various subdivisions of anatomy including cadaveric, living, embryological, histological, surface, and applied anatomy. Key anatomical positions like anatomical position are defined. Directional terms like anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral are introduced. The document also explains anatomical planes including coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes. Finally, it provides examples of various movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, pronation, and supination.
Description:
In this presentation, we delve into the intricate world of anatomy, demystifying complex terminology to provide a clear understanding of the human body's structure and function. From the basics of anatomic position to directional terms, body movements, and the significance of avoiding eponyms, we break down essential concepts for students and healthcare professionals alike. Through engaging visuals and simplified explanations, participants will gain a comprehensive grasp of anatomic terminology, empowering them to communicate effectively and navigate the intricacies of medical practice with confidence. Join us on a journey to master anatomy and elevate your understanding of the human body.
Description:
In this presentation, we delve into the intricate world of anatomy, demystifying complex terminology to provide a clear understanding of the human body's structure and function. From the basics of anatomic position to directional terms, body movements, and the significance of avoiding eponyms, we break down essential concepts for students and healthcare professionals alike. Through engaging visuals and simplified explanations, participants will gain a comprehensive grasp of anatomic terminology, empowering them to communicate effectively and navigate the intricacies of medical practice with confidence. Join us on a journey to master anatomy and elevate your understanding of the human body.
Students will be able to gain a better understanding and application of medical terminology in relation general Anatomy about:
Brief History
Medical Terminology
Anatomical Planes, Directions and Movements.
Planes of body and Anatomical terms
The anatomical position is the standard reference orientation of the human body.
It is used to provide a clear and consistent mechanism of describing the location of structures
In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing forward.
Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane is a vertical plane which passes through the body longitudinally. It divides the body into a left section and a right section.
A specific sagittal plane is the median sagittal plane – which passes down the midline of the body, separating it into equal halves
Median plane (midsagital plane)
This is a vertical plane that divides the right and left sides of the body lengthwise along with midline into externally symmetrical section.
Coronal plane (frontal plane)
Any vertical side to side plane at right angles to the median plane is called coronal plane.
Transverse plane (horizontal plane)
The transverse plane is a horizontal plane. It is perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes, and parallel to the ground.
If the body is divide into upper and lower section is called transverse plane.
The plane is at right angle to median, sagittal, and coronal planes.
Anatomical Terms of Position
Superior (cranial): Towards the head or upper part of the body; above
Inferior (caudal): Away from the head or toward the lower part of the body; below
Ventral (anterior): Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Dorsal (posterior): Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial: Toward or at the midline of the body
Lateral: Away from the midline of the body
Proximal: Closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal: Away from the origin of a body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Superficial (external): Toward or at the body surface
Deep (internal): Away from the body surface
Palmer: Refer to anterior surface of hand.
Planter: Refer to anterior surface of the foot.
Terms of Movement
Flexion: Refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Flexion at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus
Extension: refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus
Abduction: is action of moving the limb away from the median plane of the body.
Adduction: is a movement towards the midline. Adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together.
Rotation: Rotation is a movement of body part around its own long axis.
When the interior surface rotate medially the movement is called medial rotation. And if the interior surface rotate laterally the movement is called lateral rotation.
Circumduction: When a part
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Students will be able to gain a better understanding and application of medical terminology in relation general Anatomy about:
Brief History
Medical Terminology
Anatomical Planes, Directions and Movements.
Planes of body and Anatomical terms
The anatomical position is the standard reference orientation of the human body.
It is used to provide a clear and consistent mechanism of describing the location of structures
In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing forward.
Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane is a vertical plane which passes through the body longitudinally. It divides the body into a left section and a right section.
A specific sagittal plane is the median sagittal plane – which passes down the midline of the body, separating it into equal halves
Median plane (midsagital plane)
This is a vertical plane that divides the right and left sides of the body lengthwise along with midline into externally symmetrical section.
Coronal plane (frontal plane)
Any vertical side to side plane at right angles to the median plane is called coronal plane.
Transverse plane (horizontal plane)
The transverse plane is a horizontal plane. It is perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes, and parallel to the ground.
If the body is divide into upper and lower section is called transverse plane.
The plane is at right angle to median, sagittal, and coronal planes.
Anatomical Terms of Position
Superior (cranial): Towards the head or upper part of the body; above
Inferior (caudal): Away from the head or toward the lower part of the body; below
Ventral (anterior): Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Dorsal (posterior): Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial: Toward or at the midline of the body
Lateral: Away from the midline of the body
Proximal: Closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal: Away from the origin of a body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Superficial (external): Toward or at the body surface
Deep (internal): Away from the body surface
Palmer: Refer to anterior surface of hand.
Planter: Refer to anterior surface of the foot.
Terms of Movement
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Extension: refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus
Abduction: is action of moving the limb away from the median plane of the body.
Adduction: is a movement towards the midline. Adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together.
Rotation: Rotation is a movement of body part around its own long axis.
When the interior surface rotate medially the movement is called medial rotation. And if the interior surface rotate laterally the movement is called lateral rotation.
Circumduction: When a part
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2. COMPETENCIES
• Describe anatomical terms
• Explain the general anatomy and microscopic structure of
each system of the body
• Identify relative positions of the major body organs as
well as their general anatomical locations
• Explore the effect of alterations in structure
• Apply knowledge of anatomical structures to analyse
clinical situations and therapeutic applications
3. Introduction to Anatomy
• The branch of science which deals with
the structural organization of living
being.
• Ana - (Apart) : Tome - To cut (Greek)
• Dissecare (Latin): To cut apart
5. Anatomical position
A common visual reference point
Person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward
Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from
the body.
6. Regional terms-
• Names of specific body areas
• Axial region- the main axis of the
body
• Appendicular region- the limbs
Directional terminology-
• Refers to the body in
anatomical position
• Standardized terms of directions
are paired terms
9. Table 1.1 (3 of 3)
Orientation and Directional
Terms
10. Positions and Directions
Prone : Lying face down
Supine : Lying face up
Unilateral : Pertaining to one side
of the body
Bilateral : Pertaining to both sides
of the body
11. Positions and Directions
Lithotomy Position
• Person lying on her back with legs up and feet supported
in straps.
• This position is mostly used during delivery of the baby.
12. Body Planes and Sections
Coronal (frontal)
plane- Lies vertically
and divides body into
anterior and posterior
parts
13. Sagittal Plane- Vertical
plane divide body into
right and left.
Sagittal plane that exactly
cut in the middle called
midsagittal or median
plane.
Sagittal plane that offset
from median plane
parasagittal plane.
16. MOVEMENTS
Flexion Bending
Extension Straightening
Abduction Moving away from the reference axis
Adduction Bringing closer to the reference axis
Protrusion Forward
Retrusion Backward
Elevation Superiorly to the reference axis
Depression Inferiorly to the reference axis
Lateral rotation Rotation away from the midline
Medial rotation Rotation toward the midline
Pronation
Medial rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the
hand facing posteriorly (if in anatomical position)
Supination
Lateral rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the
hand facing anteriorly (if in anatomical position)
Circumduction Combination of: flexion, abduction, extension, adduction
Deviation Ulnar and radial abduction of the wrist
Opposition Bringing the thumb in contact to a finger
Reposition Separating the thumb from the digits
Inversion Plantar side toward the medial plane
Eversion Plantar side away from the medial plane
17. MOVEMENTS
Flexion
Bending a joint or decreasing
the angle between two planes.
Extension
Straightening a joint or
increasing the angle between
two bones.
19. MOVEMENTS
Adduction
Moving a body part towards
the midline of the body.
Abduction
Moving a body part away
from the midline of the body.
MOVEMENTS
20. MOVEMENTS
Pronation
Turning the arm or foot
downward (palm or sole of
the foot down)
Supination
Turning the arm or foot
upward (palm or sole of the
foot up)
22. MOVEMENTS
Rotation– Turning on a
single axis
Circumduction– Tri planar,
circular motion at the hip
or shoulder
Internal rotation– Rotation
of the hip or shoulder
toward the midline
External rotation– Rotation
of the hip or shoulder
away from the midline
24. MOVEMENTS
Inversion – Turning the sole of
the foot inward
Eversion – Turning the sole of
the foot outward
Dorsiflexion – Ankle
movement bringing the foot
upwards
Plantarflexion – Ankle
movement pointing the foot
downwards
25. MOVEMENTS
Radial Deviation –
Movement of the wrist
towards the radius or
lateral side.
Ulnar Deviation –
Movement of the wrist
towards the ulna or
medial side.
Opposition – Movement
of the thumb across the
palm of the hand.