The document outlines a course on power plant engineering for mechanical diploma students at Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik. It covers various topics including the introduction to power plants, their types, and details on hydroelectric and diesel power plants along with maintenance procedures. The document also introduces unit outcomes related to energy conversion and preventive maintenance in power plants.

1. Program: Diploma (Mechanical)
Class: TY (ME) Semester: V
Course: Power Plant Engineering
Code: 22566Code: 22566
LECTURE 02:
Unit: 1. Introduction to Power Plant

2. 02
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Name of theName of theName of theName of the Trainer : Prof. Rushikesh Deoram SonarTrainer : Prof. Rushikesh Deoram SonarTrainer : Prof. Rushikesh Deoram SonarTrainer : Prof. Rushikesh Deoram Sonar
Years ofYears ofYears ofYears of Experience : 10Experience : 10Experience : 10Experience : 10
DomainDomainDomainDomain Expertise : Mechanical EngineeringExpertise : Mechanical EngineeringExpertise : Mechanical EngineeringExpertise : Mechanical Engineering
Qualification: M.E. (Design Engineering)Qualification: M.E. (Design Engineering)Qualification: M.E. (Design Engineering)Qualification: M.E. (Design Engineering)
Contact Details:Contact Details:Contact Details:Contact Details:
+91 9890481959+91 9890481959+91 9890481959+91 9890481959
rushikesh.sonar@sandippolytechnic.orgrushikesh.sonar@sandippolytechnic.orgrushikesh.sonar@sandippolytechnic.orgrushikesh.sonar@sandippolytechnic.org

3. 03Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
UNIT OUTCOMES (UOs) :-
1a. Explain energy conversion in the given power plant.
1b. Identify elements of the given Hydro, Gas, Diesel power plant(s) .
1c. Explain preventive maintenance procedure of the given power plants.
1d. Explain predictive maintenance procedure of the given power plants.
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1d. Explain predictive maintenance procedure of the given power plants.

4. 04Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
TOPICS COVERED IN LECTURE 01:-
1.1 World and National scenario of demand and supply of energy.
1.2 Introduction to power plants : their importance and types.
1.3 Hydroelectric power plant :1.3 Hydroelectric power plant :1.3 Hydroelectric power plant :1.3 Hydroelectric power plant : Classification, General arrangement, operating principle,
advantages and limitations, maintenance.
TOPICS COVERED IN LECTURE 02:-
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advantages and limitations, maintenance.
1.4 Diesel power plant:1.4 Diesel power plant:1.4 Diesel power plant:1.4 Diesel power plant: Introduction, components, advantages and limitations, Diesel generating
set, maintenance.

5. 05Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.2 : Power Plants
1.2.1: Definition of Power Plant
“A power plant is an industrial facility used
to generate electric power with the help of
one or more generators which converts
different energy sources into electric
power”.
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The power plant is the location in which the
energy conversions take place.

6. 06Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.2 : Power Plants
1.2.2: Types of Power Plant
•FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANT
•HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
•THERMAL POWER PLANT
•GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
•NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
CONVENTIONAL
POWER
•WIND-MILL POWER PLANT
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•WIND-MILL POWER PLANT
•SOLAR PV POWER PLANT
•GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
•BIO-MASS POWER PLANT
NON-
CONVENTIONAL
POWER

7. 07Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.1: Definition
Definition:Definition:Definition:Definition:
Hydropower or
hydroelectricity refers
to the conversionconversionconversionconversion
ofofofof energyenergyenergyenergy from
flowingflowingflowingflowing waterwaterwaterwater intointointointo
electricityelectricityelectricityelectricity.
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electricityelectricityelectricityelectricity.
It is considered
a renewablerenewablerenewablerenewable
energy source because
the waterwaterwaterwater cyclecyclecyclecycle is
constantly renewed byrenewed byrenewed byrenewed by
the sun.the sun.the sun.the sun.

8. 08Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.2: Working Principle
The power
developed by the
hydraulic turbine
depends on the
quantity of water
Categorized into
three sizes:
LARGE (>30 MW),
SMALL (100 kW -
30 MW)
They
produce electricity
using turbines and
generators, where
mechanical energy
is created when
The quantity of
water available at
the selected site
depends upon the
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quantity of water
and the head of
water available.
30 MW)
MICRO (<100 kW)
is created when
moving water spins
rotors on a
turbine.
depends upon the
rainfall and run-off
in that area.

9. 09Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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10. 10Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.3: Classification
1. Based on
availability of head
(a) Low head plants
(Head is less than 30
meters)
(b) Medium head
plants ((Head is 30-
100 meters)
(c) High head plants
(Head is more than
100 meters)
2. Based on nature of
load
(a) Base load plants (b) Peak load plants
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3. Based on
quantity of water
available
(a) Run off river
plants without
pondage
(b) Run off river
plants with pondage
(c) Storage Type
Plants

11. 11Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.4: Layout
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12. 12Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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13. 13Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.5: Major Components & their functions :
To store water during
rainy season. This
water run the
hydraulic turbine.
RESERVOIR
It provides working
head of water for
power plant and to
increase the storage
capacity of reservoir.
DAM
Provided for
controlling of flow of
water from reservoir
to turbine.
GATE
1 2 3
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Helps in establishing
the velo. and pressure
in the penstock and it
reduces the water
hammer effect.
SURGE TANK
Made up of reinforced
concrete which are
designed to withstand
high pressures. They are
supported by anchors.
PENSTOCK
It converts the kinetic
energy of water into
mechanical energy.
HYDRAULIC TURBINE
4 5 6

14. 14Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.5: Major Components & their functions :
It is a passage which
connects the exit from
the turbine runner
down to tail race water
DRAFT TUBE
The mechanical energy
from turbine is
converted to electrical
energy.
ELECTRIC GENERATOR
Energy is stored,
controlled and
distributed through
Transmission Lines.
POWER HOUSE
7 8 9
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down to tail race water
level.
energy.
4 5 6
Helps to transmit the
power from
distribution grids to
the consumers.
TRANSMISSION
LINES
10 5 6

15. 15Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.6: Factors affecting site selection for Hydro-Power Plant
(i) Quantity of water
available and
method of storage.
(ii) Availability of
head and storage
capacity.
(iii) Distance of
power station site
from power demand
centers.
(iv) Details of soil
bearing capacity
and rocky
foundation
conditions.
(v) Availability of
construction
materials.
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4 5 6
(vi) Access to site for
men and materials.
(vii) Availability of
transport facilities.
(viii) Cost of project
and the period
required for
completion.
(ix) Free from
mineral deposits of
harmful nature.
(x) Free from
earthquake
damage.

16. 16Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.7: Advantages
COST
Operation Cost & hence
cost of power generation is
Less
TIME SAVING
Requires less time to Start
RELIABILITY
More reliable than other
Non-conventional sources.
CLEAN
No waste generation, hence no
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4
Requires less time to Start
and Stop the operation.
LIFE
Life expectancy is higher,
for about 50 years.
No waste generation, hence no
problems of waste disposal.
NO FUEL
Water itself act as medium to run
turbine and generate power.

17. 17Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.8: Limitations
WATER AVAILABILITY
It totally depends on rainfall
and amount of Water.
COST
High cost is needed for
TRANSMISSION
It requires long transmission
lines.
CONSTRUCTION TIME
High time is needed for
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4
High cost is needed for
power transmission.
POWER LOSS
There are chances of Power
Loss during transmission.
High time is needed for
construction of these plants.
ECOLOGY
It may disturb the ecology of the area.

18. 18Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.3 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants
1.3.9: Maintenance
Monthly Maintenance
Check for leakages servo meter
connections, turbine shaft,
lubrication, oil pump and carry out
necessary repairs.
Quarterly Maintenance
Check the governor hydraulic oil
system, servometer generators
and various connections.
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Half-Yearly Maintenance
Check and carryout the maintenance of
governor mechanism, working of
various instrumentations greasing the
pumps and connecting pipe lines
bearings etc.
Yearly Maintenance
Check the runner blades for cracks
and cavitational effects, check the
cracks in draft tube and repair, check
all turbine auxiliaries, transformer,
penstocks etc.

19. 19Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants
1.4.1: Definition
Definition:Definition:Definition:Definition:
A diesel power plantdiesel power plantdiesel power plantdiesel power plant or
standby power station
is the plant when we
use diesel enginediesel enginediesel enginediesel engine as a
prime mover or
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prime mover or
combine a diesel engine
with an electricelectricelectricelectric
generatorgeneratorgeneratorgenerator to produce
electrical energy by
using diesel fueldiesel fueldiesel fueldiesel fuel .

20. 20Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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21. 21Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants
1.4.2: Layout of Diesel Power Plant 1. Diesel engine
2. Air intake system
3. Exhaust system
4. Cooling water system
5. Fuel supply system
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6. Lubrication system
7. Diesel engine starting system

22. 22Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4.2: Layout of Diesel Power Plant
1. Diesel engine
2. Air intake system
3. Exhaust system
4. Cooling water system
5. Fuel supply system
6. Lubrication system
7. Diesel engine starting system
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23. 23Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants
1.4.3: Major Components of Diesel Power Plant
DIESEL ENGINE
Combustion of fuel
produces mechanical power
FUEL SYSTEM
Monitor and supply fuel for
AIR INTAKE & EXHAUST SYSTEMS
Air for combustion is drawn and
exhaust gases are thrown out.
COOLING SYSTEM
Removes heat from the engine
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4
Monitor and supply fuel for
ignition in the engine.
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
To reduce friction and wear
of engine parts & to remove
heat.
Removes heat from the engine
through water jackets.
STARTING SYSTEM
Compressed air is supplied to engine for
starting purpose.
4 GENERATOR
It converts mechanical
energy into electric.

24. 24Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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STARTING SYSTEM
Compressed air is supplied to engine for starting
purpose.

25. 25Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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AIR INTAKE & EXHAUST SYSTEMS
Air for combustion is drawn and
exhaust gases are thrown out.

26. 26Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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FUEL SYSTEM
Monitors and supply fuel
for ignition in the engine.

27. 27Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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COOLING SYSTEM
Removes heat from the engine through water jackets
passing around Combustion chamber, Cylinders, Pistons etc.

28. 28Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
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LUBRICATION SYSTEM
To reduce friction and wear of engine parts & to remove
heat from oil (using cooling water) before re-circulating it.

29. 29Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants
1.4.4: Factors affecting site selection
(i) The approximate
dimensions of the
equipment.
(ii) Location of the
equipment and the
minimum clearance
between each part.
(iii) Natural lighting
and proper ventilation
provision.
(iv) The availability of
future expansion to
the building with
minimum changes.
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4 5 6
(v) Provision for
installing at least one
spare unit in the
future.
(vi) And provision for a
small workshop,
stores, office and so
on.

30. 30Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants
1.4.4: Advantages
They Can Be Installed Quickly
No need of any Warming Period
They Can Be Started And Stopped Quickly As
And When Required.
Cooling water requirements are low.
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4Overall capital cost per unit is less Less Manpower needed for supervision
4Can run effectively at Part Loads

31. 31Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants
1.4.5: Limitations
High running cost as diesel is expensive.
Maintenance & Lubrication cost is high.
Plant capacity is limited to 50 MW of Power.
Not suitable to work for longer period, due to
overloading.
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4Operation is Noisy Difficult to construct on a large scale.
4Complex Mechanism

32. 32Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4 : DIESEL Power Plants
1.4.6: Maintenance Cycle – 7 steps
Lubrication
Service
Cooling
System
Exhaust
system
inspection
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Fuel
System
Testing
Batteries
Routine
Engine
Exercise
Keep your
Diesel
Generator
Clean

33. 33Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
1.4.8 : Comparison
S. No. Parameter Hydro-Power Plant Diesel Power Plant
1 Location Water must be
available
Anywhere
2 Initial Cost High Low
3 Fuel Cost No Fuel required High
4 Operating Low Very High
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4 Operating
Cost
Low Very High
5 Cooling Water Not Needed Mandatory
6 Pollution Nil High rate
7 Transmission
Cost
Very High Very Low
8 Life of Plant 50 Years 5 years

34. 34Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Sr.
No.
Question Marks
1 Name any four types of power plant. 2
2 State any four limitations of diesel power plant. 2
3 Classify hydroelectric power plant. 4
4 Draw typical layout of diesel engine power plant showing all system. 4
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5 Explain with neat sketch operating principle of hydroelectric power plant. 4
6 List the factors to be considered while choosing the type of power plant. 4
7 Explain world and national scenario of demand and supply of energy. 4
8 State any four applications of Diesel Electric power plants 4
9 List the advantages and disadvantages of Hydro electric power plant 4
10 Explain the maintenance procedure of Diesel generating set 4

35. 35Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
In this lesson, We have learnedIn this lesson, We have learnedIn this lesson, We have learnedIn this lesson, We have learned
1.3 Hydro-electric Power Plant
Classification, General arrangement, operating principle, advantages and limitations, maintenance.
1.4 Diesel Power Plant
SUMMARY
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1.4 Diesel Power Plant
Introduction, components, advantages and limitations, Diesel generating set, maintenance
Comparison between Hydro & Diesel Power Plants

36. 36Unit I: Introduction to Power Plant
Our Next Video Lecture TopicOur Next Video Lecture TopicOur Next Video Lecture TopicOur Next Video Lecture Topic
Unit II. High Pressure Boilers
2.1 Introduction to Boilers, Classification of HPB
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2.2 Construction And Working Principle of Boilers
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