The document discusses hydroelectric and diesel power plants. It provides an overview of each type of power plant, including their main components and operating principles. For hydroelectric plants, the key components are the reservoir, dam, turbines, and generators. For diesel plants, the main elements are the diesel engine, generator, air intake and exhaust systems, cooling system, and fuel system. The document also compares the advantages and disadvantages of each type of power plant, noting hydroelectric plants have lower operating costs but higher initial costs, while diesel plants are more flexible to install but have higher fuel costs. Maintenance procedures are also outlined for both hydroelectric and diesel power plants.

1. Unit 1-Hydro, Diesel
power plant
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Poly, Satara
Prof. Waghmode D R

2. Unit Outcome
 Explain energy conversion in the given
power plant.
 Identify elements of the given hydro,
diesel power plant.
 Explain the maintenance procedure of
power plant.

3. Contents
• Indian Energy Scenario and Energy Sources
•Introduction of Power Plant
•Types of Power Plant
•Hydro-Electric Power Plant.
- Arrangement ,operating principle,Advantages and
Disadvantages
•Diesel Power Plant
•Maintenance of Hydro-Electric and Diesel Power Plant
•Comparison of Hydro-Electric and Diesel Power Plant
•Summary

4. Energy Scenario
 Commercial and Non Commercial Energy,
Primary Energy Resources,
Final Energy Consumption, Energy Needs of
Growing Economy, Long Term Energy
Scenario, Energy Pricing, Energy and
Environment: Air Pollution, Climate Change,

6. Modern Indian Energy
Scenario
• India 5th largest consumer of energy accounting and 3.4% of global
energy consumption.
• Rich in coal and renewable energy.
•25% of primary energy needs is met by imports.
• Privet sector play major role in energy production

7. Main Energy Sources
Coal Oil
Natural
gas
Nuclear
power
Hydro
power
Other
renewable
sources
Contributes 55% of
primary energy
production and 53%
of energy
consumption
4th largest producer
Accounts for 36% of total energy
consumption and 34% of total
energy production, one among
top ten consumer in world
Accounts for 8%
energy consumption
and 9% of energy
production
Contributes 2.5% of total
energy production and
3.1% of energy generation,
fourth largest source of
electricity
25% share in total
generation unit with
installed capacity of
36887 MW
Wind, Biomass,
Solar power,
Geothermal
power,Tidal etc.

8. Installed capacity by source in India as on 31
March 2020

9. Coal--
• The proven global coal reserve was estimated to be
9,84,453 million tonnes by end of 2003.
• The USA had the largest share of the global
reserve (25.4%) followed by Russia (15.9%),
China (11.6%). India was 4th in the list with 8.6%
India fourth largest producer.
• 70% total domestic electricity & 50% commercial
energy demand is met.
• 8.6% of world reserves ie. about 81,000 million
tons mostly located in state like as West bengal,
Bihar, MP, Andrapradesh
• Lignite, peat

10. Oil:
• Accounts for 36% of total energy consumption and 34%
total energy production.
• India is one among top ten consumer in the world.
• 0.3% world’s reserves
• 70% of demand is met by imports i.e 1.2 million barrel per
day.
• Consumption of petrol in transport sector-53%, domestic-
18%, industries-17% .
• Total installed capacity of Diesel based power plants in
India is 1,199.75 MW.
• Kuwait one major oil producing country production up to
3.5 million bpd. Also Saudi Arabia, Iraqi

11. Natural gas accounts for about 8.9 per cent of energy
consumption in the country. The current demand for
natural gas is about 96 million cubic metres per day
(mcmd) as against availability of 67 mcmd. By 2007,
the demand is expected to be around 200 mcmd.

13. Introduction of Power Plant
• Power plant is an industrial facility used for generation of electric
power.
•Power plant those use to develop the electrical power by utilizing
energy of water, steam.
• At the centre of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating
machine that converts mechanical power into electrical power.
• electricity is a secondary energy source which is obtained from
conversion of other primary energy source like coal, oil, natural gas.
Mechanical
Energy
Electrical
Energy

14. Types of Power Plants
Conventional Power Plants
• Nuclear Power Plants
• Hydroelectric Power Plants
• Gas Turbine Power Plants
• SteamTurbine Power Plants
Non-Conventional Power Plants
• Wind Power Plants
• Solar Power Plants
• Geothermal Power Plants
• Biomass Power Plants

15. Hydro-Electric Power Plants
• Hydroelectric Power is considered a renewable energy
source.
• It utilize the potential energy of water to move hydraulic
turbines which are coupled to electric generators to
convert mechanical energy of turbine in electric energy.
• Power developed by the hydraulic turbine depends on
quantity of water and the head of water available.
• 1st Hydropower plant- 1897 at Darjeeling of 200 kW
capacity.

16. Classification of
Hydro-Electric Power Plants
• Low head plants (Less than 30 meters)
• Medium head plants (30-100 meters)
• High head plants ( More than 100 meters)
Based on
Availability of
Head
• Base load plants
• Peak load plants
Based on Nature
of Load
• Run off river plants without pondage
• Run off river plants with pondage
• Storage type plants
Based on
Quantity of
Water Available

17. Selection of Site for
Hydro-Electric Power Plants
Following factors is considered for selection of site of hydro-electric plants ,
•Quantity of water available and method of storage
• Availability of head and storage capacity
• Distance of power station site from power demand centres
• Details of soil bearing capacity and rocky foundations conditions
• Availability of construction materials and transport facilities
• Access to site for men and materials
•Cost of project and period required for completion
• Free from earthquake damage

18. Hydro-Electric Power Plants

19. Hydro-Electric Power Plants
Main components of hydro-electric power plants
• Reservoir-
• Dam
•Trash rock-
• Gate-
•Forebays-
•Surge tank-
•Waterway and Penstock-
•Spillway-
• Power house-
•Hydraulic turbine
• Draft tube-
•Tail race-

20.  Reservoir- store water during rainy season & supply same dry seasons.
 Dam -
A dam is a barrier which confines or raise water for storage or diversion to
create a hydraulic head.
The purpose of the dam is to store the water and to regulate the out going
flow of water.
The dam helps to store all the incoming water. It also helps to increase the
head of the water. In order to generate a required quantity of power it is
necessary that a sufficient head is available.
 Trash rock- prevent entry of debris which damage the turbine, runner, nozzle.
 Gate- controlling flow of water
 Forebays- serves as a regulating reservoir storing water when load on plant is
reduced & provide water when load is increasing.
 Surge tank- reduces water hammer effect
 Waterway and Penstock- carry water from dam to the power house

21. • Spillway- provided to discharge the flood water
• Power house- convert water energy into electrical energy
• Hydraulic turbine
• Draft tube- connect exit from turbine runner down to tail race water level
• Tail race- water way to lead the water discharged from turbine to river

22. Hydro-Electric Power Plants

23. Advantages of
Hydro-Electric Power Plants
• No fuel charges
• Maintenance and operation charges are very low.
• Running cost of plant is low.
•The plant efficiency doesn’t change with age.
• It takes a few minutes to run and synchronise the plant.
• Less supervising staff is required.
• No fuel transpiration and ash problem.
• In addition to power generation these plants used for flood control and
irrigation purposes.
• Long life

24. Disadvantages of
Hydro-Electric Power Plants
• Initial cost is very high.
• Such plants are usually located in hilly areas far away from the load
centre and as such they require long transmission lines to deliver power,
hence the cost of transmission line and losses in them will be more.
• It takes considerable time for the development of such plants.
• Power generation by the hydro-electric plants depend upon quantity of
water hence rain.

25. Maintenance of
Hydro-Electric Power Plants
• Check the leakages servo moter connections,
turbine shaft, lubrication, oil pump and carry
out necessary repairs.
Monthly
Maintenance
• Check the governor hydraulic oil system,
various connections.
Quarterly
Maintenance
• Check and carryout the maintenance of
governor mechanism, various connecting pipe
line bearing.
Half yearly
Maintenance
• Check the runner blades for cracks and
cavitational effects, check the cracks in draft
tube and repair, check all turbine auxiliaries.
Yearly
Maintenance

26. Diesel Power Plants
• A generating station in which diesel engine is used as the prime mover
for the generation of electrical energy is known as diesel power plants.
•The diesel burns inside the engine and the products of this combustion
act as the working fluid to produce mechanical energy.
•The diesel engine drives alternator which converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy.
• Diesel power plants of 2 to 50 MW capacity.

27. Diesel Power Plants

28. Diesel Power Plants
Main components of diesel power plants
• Diesel Engine and Generator: develop mechanical power used to run
engine and convert mechanical into electrical energy.
• Engine air intake system: removes dust from air, should not be located
inside the plant room.
• Exhaust system: silencer used to reduce the noise.
• Cooling system: control the temperature within safe limits.
• Engine fuel system: fuel is injected to various engine cylinders by fuel
injection pimp through a filter.
• Lubrication system: reduce friction and wear of rubbing parts.
• Starting system: for initial starting of engine a compressed air filled in
the compressed air bottle by an air compressor is used.

29. Advantages of Diesel Power
Plants
• Installed quickly.
• Can be started and stopped quickly as and when required.
• Does not need any warming up period.
• More efficient upto 100 MW capacity.
•They occupy less space.
• Cooling water requirements are low.
• Overall capital cost is less.
• Man power needed for operation supervision of installation is less.
•Burn wide range of fuels.
•No problem of ash handling.

30. Disadvantages of Diesel
Power Plants
• Generation cost per unit is high.
• Not suitable for continuous power plants.
• Capacity is limited to compared to steam or
hydraulic power plants.
•Noisy in operation.
• Life is limited.

31. Applications of Diesel
Power Plants
• Used in transportation system like
as rail roads, ship.
• Small scale industries.
• small capacity central station.
• Standby power plant for hospital,
office, cinema hall.

32. Maintenance of Diesel
Power Plants
• Lubrication System
•Fuel system
•Air system
•Cooling system

33. Comparison of Hydro-Electric
& Diesel Power Plants
Sr.
No.
Particulars Hydro-Electric
Power Plants
Diesel Power Plants
1 Site Located where large
land and large quantity
of water
Located anywhere
2 Initial cost High Low
3 Fuel cost No fuel is required High
4 Operating cost Low Very high
5 Space requirement Very high Low
6 Cooling water
requirement
Nil High
7 Transmission and
distribution cost
Very high Very low

34. Sr.
No.
Particulars Hydro-Electric
Power Plants
Diesel Power Plants
8 Reliability Reliable Less reliable
9 Pollution Nil High
10 Time of
Installation
Very high Low
11 Life of Plant 50 years 5 years
Comparison of Hydro-Electric
& Diesel Power Plants

35. Thank you.