This document provides an overview of different types of power plants and their basic operations. It begins with defining energy and power. It then discusses renewable and non-renewable energy sources and the types of power plants installed in India in 2016. The document focuses on steam power plants, describing their basic layout and essential components. It also covers site selection factors for steam power stations. Details are given about the Rankine cycle process and T-S diagrams. Variations like reheating and regeneration that improve the Rankine cycle efficiency are explained. Brief descriptions are provided of other thermal, gas turbine, solar, geothermal, ocean, hydropower, and nuclear power plant designs.

1. ME 6701- POWER PLANTME 6701- POWER PLANT
ENGINEERINGENGINEERING
Presented byPresented by
M.JAGADEESAN.M.JAGADEESAN.MEME
Assistant Professor,Assistant Professor,
Loyola Institute of Technology & Science .Loyola Institute of Technology & Science . 1

2. Energy –capacity-original stuffEnergy –capacity-original stuff
Power
◦ Rate of energy
◦ Mechanical power
◦ Electrical power

3. Renewable and non RenewableRenewable and non Renewable

4. Sources of energySources of energy

5. Power plant installed in india-2016Power plant installed in india-2016

6. Layout of Steam Power plantLayout of Steam Power plant

7. .
a) Fuel and Ash Circuit
b) Air and Gas Circuit
c) Feed water and steam Circuit
d) Cooling water circuit

8. Essential components of steam powerEssential components of steam power
plantplant
Boiler
Steam turbine
Generator
Condenser
Cooling towers
Circulating water pump
Boiler feed pump
Coal mill
Induced draught fans
Ash precipitators
Chimney
Water treatment plant
Control room
Switch yard

9. Selection of site for steam powerSelection of site for steam power
stationstation
Availability of raw material
Nature of land
Cost of land
Availability of water
Transport facilities
Ash disposal facilities
Availability of labour
Size of the plant
Load centre
Public problems
Future extentions

10. Rankine Cycle Process
• Process 1-2: Water from the condenser at low pressure is pumped
into the boiler at high pressure. This process is reversible adiabatic.
• Process 2-3: Water is converted into steam at constant pressure by
the addition of heat in the boiler.
• Process 3-4: Reversible adiabatic expansion of steam in the steam
turbine.
• Process 4-1: Constant pressure heat rejection in the condenser to
convert condensate into water.

11. Rankine vapour power cycleRankine vapour power cycle

12. T-s diagram Rankine power cycleT-s diagram Rankine power cycle

13. p-v diagram Rankine power cyclep-v diagram Rankine power cycle

14. h-s diagram Rankine power cycleh-s diagram Rankine power cycle

15. Variation of the Basic Rankine Cycle:Variation of the Basic Rankine Cycle:
Two main variations of the basic Rankine cycle to
improve the efficiency of the steam cycles
Reheater
Regenerator.

16. ReheatingReheating
• The optimal way of increasing the boiler pressure but not increase
the moisture content in the exiting vapor is to reheat the vapor
after it exits from a first-stage turbine and redirect this reheated
vapor into a second turbine.
boiler
high-P
turbine
Low-P
turbine
pump
condenser
1
2
3
4
5
6
T
s
1
2
3 5
6
4
high-P
turbine
low-P
turbine

17. Reheat Rankine CycleReheat Rankine Cycle
• Reheating allows one to increase the boiler pressure without
increasing the moisture content in the vapor exiting from the
turbine.
• By reheating, the averaged temperature of the vapor entering
the turbine is increased, thus, it increases the thermal
efficiency of the cycle.
• Multistage reheating is possible but not practical. One major
reason is because the vapor exiting will be superheated vapor
at higher temperature, thus, decrease the thermal efficiency.
Why?
• Energy analysis: Heat transfer and work output both change
qin = qprimary + qreheat = (h3-h2) + (h5-h4)
Wout = Wturbine1 + Wturbine2= (h3-h4) + (h5-h6)

18. RegenerationRegeneration
• From 2-2’, the temperature at 2 is very low, therefore, the heat
addition process is at a lower temperature and therefore, the
thermal efficiency is lower. Why?
• Use regenerator to heat up the liquid (feedwater) leaving the
pump before sending it to the boiler, therefore, increase the
averaged temperature (efficiency as well) during heat addition in
the boiler.
T
s
1
2
2’
3
4
Lower temp
heat addition
T
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Use regenerator to heat up the feedwater
higher temp
heat addition
Extract steam from
turbine to provide
heat source in the
regenerator

19. Regenerative CycleRegenerative Cycle
• Improve efficiency by increasing feedwater temperature before it enters
the boiler.
• Open feedwater: Mix steam with the feedwater in a mixing chamber.
• Closed feedwater: No mixing.
Pump 24
Pump 1
Open
FWH
boiler
condenser1
23
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
T
s
Open FWH
(y) (1-y)
(y)
(1-y)

20. Regenerative Cycle
• Assume y percent of steam is extracted from the turbine and is
directed into open feedwater heater.
• Energy analysis:
qin = h5-h4, qout = (1-y)(h7-h1),
Wturbine,out = (h5-h6) + (1-y)(h6-h7)
Wpump,in = (1-y)Wpump1 + Wpump2
= (1-y)(h2-h1) + (h4-h3)
= (1-y)v1(P2-P1) + v3(P4-P3)
• In general, the more feedwater heaters, the better the cycle
efficiency.

21. Thermal power plantThermal power plant

22. Gas Turbine Power Plant –Open CycleGas Turbine Power Plant –Open Cycle

23. Gas Turbine Power Plant –ClosedGas Turbine Power Plant –Closed
CycleCycle

24. Solar Power Tower’ Power PlantSolar Power Tower’ Power Plant
• Solar Power Tower’ Power PlantThe first is the 'Solar Power Tower'
design which usesthousands of sun-tracking reflectors or heliostats
to direct and concentrate solar radiation onto a boiler
• located atop a tower.
• The temperature in the boiler rises to 500 – 7000°C and the steam
raised can beused to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an
electricity producing turbine.
• There are also calledcentral Receiver Solar Power Plants.

25. Solar thermal ReceiverSolar thermal Receiver

26. Solar thermal tower receiver plantSolar thermal tower receiver plant

27. Parabolic solar thermal power plantParabolic solar thermal power plant

28. Gio Thermal Energy-Dry type plantGio Thermal Energy-Dry type plant

29. Gio Thermal Energy-flash type plantGio Thermal Energy-flash type plant

30. Ocean Thermal Energy-closed cycleOcean Thermal Energy-closed cycle
plantplant

31. Ocean Thermal Energy-Open cycleOcean Thermal Energy-Open cycle
plantplant

32. Hydel power plantHydel power plant

33. Pressurized water reactor(PWR)Pressurized water reactor(PWR)

34. Boiling water reactor(BWR)Boiling water reactor(BWR)

35. Pressurized heavy water reactor(PWR)Pressurized heavy water reactor(PWR)

36. Liquid Metal Fast BreederLiquid Metal Fast Breeder
Reactor (PWR)Reactor (PWR)

39. THANK YOUTHANK YOU