This document discusses hydroelectric power plants. It describes how hydroelectric power plants work by harnessing the kinetic energy of moving water through turbines to generate electricity. It then provides details on the essential elements of hydroelectric plants like dams to store water, turbines that the flowing water spins, generators that convert the rotational energy to electricity, and control structures. The document also discusses the history and development of hydroelectric power in India, listing the first two plants built in the early 20th century. It concludes by outlining some advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power generation.

1. HYDROPOWERPLANT

2. Solar light
Photoelectric sensor circuit

3.  INTRODUCTION
 HYDRO POWER PLANT IN INDIA
 PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR & AUTOMACHINE
 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
 WORKING
 DIAGRAMMATICAL WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

4. In hydro power plant , the water is utilized to move the turbines which in turn run
the electric generator’s.
The potential energy of the water stored in the dam gets converted into the kinetic
energy of the moving water in the penstock .and this kinetic energy gets
converted into the electrical energy with the help of turbine & generator (T-G)
combination .
Hydro power plant was invented by H.F. Rogers.
Hydro power plant fulfills the 30% of the total energy needs of the world.
Total hydro potential of the world = 5000GW.
Hydro power plant generates electricity which we can use in a SMART CITY.

5. What is a
Hydro power
plant?
A generating station which utilizes
the potential energy of water at a
high level for the generation of
electrical energy is known as hydro
power plant.

6. HYDRO POWER
PLANT IN
INDIA
First hydro power plant was constructed at Mysore
1902 named as SIVARAMUDRAM having
capacity 4.5 MW.
Second hydro power plant was constructed at
Maharashtra in 1914 named as KHOPOLO having
capacity 50 MW.
Hydro potential of India in 1947 is 500 MW

7. Essential elements of hydro power plants
oPRIMARY ELEMENTS
oStorage dam
oTurbine
oGenerator
oControl dam
oPower house
oSAFETY DEVICES
oSpillways
oSurge tank
oTrash

8. STORAGE DAM
It is constructed to collect water in a
large artificial lake like Gobind sagar lake
which collects water for Bhakada dam.
In this process kinetic energy
transformed into potential energy.

9. TURBINE
Water from top of the dam is allowed to
fall through pipelines over the blades of
a turbine at the bottom of the dam.
In this process , the potential energy of
water changes into its kinetic energy
which is transferred to the turbine.

10. GENERATOR
Moving turbine rotates the
armature of a generator
produce electricity that is
turbine changes the kinetic
energy of water into
electricity.

11. CONTROL DAM
After having run the
turbines,water collect in a
control dam. water in a control
dam can either be made to fall
again through a height to
produce electricity in the same
way as discussed earlier or can
be sent to canals for irrigation.

12. POWER HOUSE AND
EQUIPMENTS
I.VALVE- Used to control the
pressure of flow of water.
II.PUMPS- Used to send water
from lower potential to higher
potential.

13. ADVANTAGES
1. Once a damis constructed electricitycan be producedat constant
rate.
2. If electricity is not needed the sluice gates can be stopping electricity
generation.
3. Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contributeto
the generation of electricity for many years and decades.
4. The lake that forms behind the damcan be usedfor sports and
leisure.
5. Often large thembecome a tourist attraction in their own right.
6. The lakes water can be used for irrigation purposes.

14. DISADVANTAGES
1. Dams are extremely expensive to buildand must be built to a
very high standard.
2. The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate
for many decades to become profitable.
3. In some areas people are forcibly removed so that hydropower
schemes can go ahead.
4. The building of large dams can cause serious geological damage.
5. Building is large dam alters the natural water table level.

15. PRESENTED BY:-
D.A.V. Sr. Sec. SCHOOL ,
MANDI.
Jatin,
Anjali,
Krishna,
Bhuveneshwar..