how electricity is generated in hydro power plant. different equipment used. te3chnique used and many more.

1. Hydro Power Plant
Welcome
Presented by
ABHIGYAN ADARSH

2. Index
The Indian Scenario
World’s First Hydropower Plant
Working Principle Of Hydropower
Types Of Hydroelectric Installation
Dam Types
Large & Small Scale Power Plant
Types Of Turbine
Hydroelectric Power Plant In India
Advantages Of Hydro Power Plant
Disadvantages Of Hydro Power Plant

3. Acknowledgement
I Would Like To Thank My Teacher Who Gave
Me A Golden Opportunity To Work On This
Project.
I Must Also Thank My Parents And Friends For
The Immense Support And Help During This
Project. Without Their Help, Completing This
Project Would Have Been Very Difficult.

4. The Indian Scenario
The Potential Is About 84000 MW At 60% Load
Factor Spread Across Six Major Basins In The
Country.
Pumped Storage Sites Have Been Found Recently
Which Leads To A Further Addition Of A Maximum Of
94000 Mw. Annual Yield Is Assessed To Be About
420 Billion Units Per Year Though With Seasonal
Energy The Value Crosses600 Billion Mark.
The Possible Installed Capacity Is Around 150000
Mw (Based On The Report Submitted By Cea To The
Ministry Of Power)
Generating Electricity Through Hydropower Began In
The U.S. On Jul

5. World’s First Hydropower Plant
Generating Electricity Through Hydropower Began In The U.S. On
July 24, 1880, When The Grand Rapids Electric Light And Power
Company Used Flowing Water To Power A Water Turbine To
Generate Electricity. It Created Enough Electricity To Light 16
Lamps In Wolverine Chair Factory. One Year Later, Hydropower
Was Used To Light All The Street Lamps In The City Of Niagara
Falls, NY.
The World’s First Hydroelectric Power Plant Began Operation On
September 30, 1882 And Began Operation On The Fox River In
Appleton, Wi. The Plant, Later Named The Appleton Edison Light
Company, Was Initiated By Appleton Paper Manufacturer H.F.
Rogers, Who Had Been Inspired By Thomas Edison's Plans For
An Electricityproducing Station In New York. World’s First
Hydropower Plant How Hydropower Works

6. How Hydropower Works
Hydrologic Cycle
Water From The Reservoir Flows Due To
Gravity To Drive The Turbine.
Turbine Is Connected To A Generator.
Power Generated Is Transmitted Over
Power Lines.

7. Hydrologic Cycle

8. In A large generator, electromagnets are made
by circulating direct current through loops of
wire wound around stacks of magnetic steel
laminations. These are called field poles, and
are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The
rotor is attached to the turbine shaft, and rotates
at A fixed speed. When the rotor turns, it causes
the field poles (the electromagnets) to move
past the conductors mounted in the stator. This,
in turn, causes electricity to flow and A voltage
to develop at the generator output terminals.

10. Types Of Hydroelectric Installation

11. Dam Types
Arch
Gravity
Buttress
Embankment Or Earth

12. Arch Dams
Arch shape gives strength
Less material (cheaper)
Narrow sites
Need strong abutments

13. Concrete Gravity Dams
Weight holds dam in place
Lots of concrete (expensive)

14. Embankment Dams
Earth or rock
Weight resists flow of water

15. Large Scale Hydropower Plant

16. Small Scale Hydropower Plant

17. Generating Technologies
Types Of Hydro Turbines
– Impulse Turbines
Pelton Wheel
Cross Flow Turbines
– Reaction Turbines
Propeller Turbines : Bulb Turbine, Straflo, Tube
Turbine
Kaplan Turbine
Francis Turbines
Kinetic Turbines Impulse Turbines

18. Impulse Turbines
Uses the velocity of the water to move the
runner and discharges to atmospheric
pressure.
The water stream hits each bucket on the
runner.
No suction downside, water flows out
through turbine housing after hitting.
High head, low flow applications.
Types : pelton wheel, cross flow

19. Reaction Turbines
Combined action of pressure and moving
water.
Runner placed directly in the water stream
flowing over the blades rather than striking
each individually.
Lower head and higher flows than
compared with the impulse turbines.

20. Kaplan Turbine
The inlet is A scroll-shaped tube that wraps
around the turbine's wicket gate.
Water is directed tangentially, through the
wicket gate, and spirals on to a propeller
shaped runner, causing it to spin.
The outlet is a specially shaped draft tube
that helps decelerate the water and recover
kinetic energy

22. Francis Turbines
The inlet is spiral shaped.
Guide vanes direct the water tangentially to
the runner.
This radial flow acts on the runner vanes,
causing the runner to spin.
The guide vanes (or wicket gate) may be
adjustable to allow efficient turbine operation
for a range of water flow conditions.

24. Hydroelectric Power Plants In India
States River Hydroelectric Power Plant
Andhra Pradesh Krishna Nagarjunasagar Hydro
Electric Power plant
Andhra Pradesh Krishna Srisailam Hydro Electric
Power plant
Andhra Pradesh, Orissa Machkund Machkund Hydro Electric
Power plant
Gujarat Narmada Sardar Sarovar Hydro
Electric Power plant
Himachal Pradesh Baira Baira-Siul Hydroelectric
Power plant
Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Bhakra Nangal
Hydroelectric Power plant
Himachal Pradesh Beas Dehar Hydroelectric Power
plant
Himachal Pradesh Sutlej Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric

25. Advantages Of Hydro Power Plant
1. Renewable Source Of Energy
Hydropower Is A Renewable Source Of Energy Which Means They Are
Naturally Replenished And We Cannot Use It Up. Problems Like
Scarcity Of Electricity Will Not Be A Matter Of Concern As
Hydroelectricity Will Be Available All The Time. Also, This Helps To
Conserve The Limited And Renewable Sources Of Energy Like
Petroleum.
2. Clean Energy Source
Hydropower Plants Produce Energy Without Emitting Any Greenhouse
Gases Or Toxic Byproducts That Can Pollute The Environment. This
Makes Hydropower Plants A Clean Source Of Energy Which Helps
Mitigate World Issues Like Climate Change And Global Warming.
3. Price Stability
Non-renewable Sources Of Energy Like Petroleum And Coal Are Subject
To An Increase Or Decrease In Price With Market Volatility. But River
Water, The Source Of Hydroelectricity Has Nothing To Do With Market
Fluctuations Which Results In Guaranteed Price Stability.

26. 4. Recreational Opportunities
The Lake Formed By The Dam Can Be Used For Various
Recreational Activities Like Fishing, Swimming, And Irrigational
Purposes. Dams Have The Capacity To Store A Tremendous
Amount Of Water Which Can Be Used For Various Activities
When There’s A Scarcity.
5. Higher Flexibility
The Output Of Electricity Can Be Easily Controlled By Controlling
The Flow Of Water. At Times When Electricity Consumption Is
Low, The Hydropower Plants Can Be Adjusted Easily To Yield
Less Energy And Opposite When There’s High Demand. This
Gives The Ability To Produce As The Exact Amount Of Energy We
Want Which Is Fairly Difficult In Cases Like Nuclear Energy.

27. Disadvantages Of Hydro Power Plant
1. Environmental impacts
Although hydropower plants are non-polluting, they cause other
environmental problems. Interrupting the natural flow of water also has
an effect on the river ecosystem. Hydropower plants also affect the land
use and natural habitats of other animals.
2. High initial capital
Construction of power plants is very expensive and hydropower plants are
no exception. Challenges like topography and building underwater make
building A power plant really expensive. A 500 kw hydropower plant can
cost you well over 1.5 million pounds which is an average estimate as
generalizing is really difficult in this case.
3. Risk of drought
The amount of water available is directly related to the amount of energy
produced. If A severe drought occurs, rivers tend to dry up resulting in
no or very less hydroelectricity generation. This has been A serious
concern in east african countries. Power cuts are usually followed up by
the drought.

28. Conclusion
While THERE ARE SOME DISADVANTAGES
OF HYDROPOWER PLANTS, THE
ADVANTAGES CLEARLY OUTWEIGH THEM.
Being A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY,
THEY ARE FAR MORE RELIABLE THAN
OTHER SOURCES LIKE PETROLEUM OR
COAL. They ARE ALSO COMPARATIVELY
SAFE AS IT DOES NOT INCLUDE
COMBUSTION OF ANY KIND. The LONG
TERM BENEFITS OF HYDROPOWER
PLANTS ARE TRULY NOTABLE AND ARE THE
REASON WHY ELECTRICITY IS AVAILABLE
TO EVERYONE SO CHEAPLY.

29. Reference
From - GOOGLE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower

30. Thank You