This document discusses Microsoft's .NET framework and its confrontation with Sun Microsystems' Java platform. It provides an overview of key aspects of .NET such as the Common Language Runtime (CLR), Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), and support for multiple programming languages. It also compares .NET's approach of targeting a virtual machine to traditional compiled languages that target specific operating systems and hardware configurations.

1. Visual Programming
C#
1

2. SUN
MICROSOFT
2

3. Microsoft and Sun's Confrontation







It's new
it's powerful
it solves lots of problems
it is threatening to a vast community of Java
worshippers, and best (or worst) of all it's from
Microsoft. You guessed it right;I am talking
about .NET
Around 1995, Java was generating the same
Strength as is generated by .NET today
!. Sun's Java introduced a revolutionary approach
of software development
Java provided the programmer's with a unique tool
that solved their ages long problem of platform
independence
3

4. Microsoft and Sun's Confrontation



Sun addressed industry's needs by coming up with
tools like JSP, Servlets, EJB, JMS, JNDI, JNI etc.
Sun stuffed these excellent tools under one
umbrella - the Java2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE).
Microsoft was trying to catch up
All this time when Sun was winning our admiration;
Microsoft was trying their level best to match up to
Sun's tools. But Sun was un-catchable
Microsoft answer was Microsoft's Windows DNA
(Distributed interNet Applications
Architecture ) programming model
4

5. Microsoft and Sun's Confrontation


With the world depending more and more on
the Internet - and Sun's tools becoming the
foremost media for the web applications
So Microsoft put their best men at work and
started calling the project as Next
Generation Windows Services (NGWS).
5

6. What is .NET?


Microsoft defines .NET as “a set of Microsoft
software technologies for connecting
information, people, systems, and devices“
However, Microsoft .NET is not just another
programming language
 It’s


a complete new business initiative
Mission statement: Access to Information
anywhere, anytime
Everything evolves around the Internet
6

7. The .NET Framework objectives of The .NET
Framework






To provide a consistent object-oriented programming
environment whether object code is stored and executed
locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed
remotely.
To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes
software deployment and versioning conflicts.
To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees
safe execution of code, including code created by an
unknown or semi-trusted third party.
To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates
the performance problems of scripted or interpreted
environments.
To make the developer experience consistent across widely
varying types of applications, such as Windows-based
applications and Web-based applications.
To build all communication on industry standards to ensure
that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with 7
any other code.

8. Information Anywhere, Anytime
■ Server
machines that
provide
information or
services
(database
server, content
provider,…)
8

9. Information Anywhere, Anytime
■ Sophisticated
computing
devices that
communicate
with PCs to
allow access to
information
9

10. Information Anywhere, Anytime
■ A standardized
protocol for the
internet to allow
different
programs and
devices to talk to
each other
10

11. Information Anywhere, Anytime
■ A set of
developer tools
that allows you
to write server
and client
programs as
well as XML Web
Services
11

12. Personal Opinion
New programming languages
new virtual machine
simply a great IDE
12

13. Conventional Developing
Source
Code
Source
Code
Binary
code
In the past,
compiled code
only runs on the
computer it was
compiled for
Binary code
Operating
System
Operating
System
13

14. Virtual Machine Concept
Source
Code
Intermediate
code
Intermediate
code
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
Operating
System
Operating
System
Virtual Machine
acting as the
adaptor to the
physical
computer
Compiled code
will run on any
computer as
long as this
virtual machine
is installed
14

15. .NET Framework
Microsoft
Intermediate
Language (MSIL)
.NET Framework / Common
Language Runtime (CLR)
Operating System
Virtual Machine is
called “Common
Language Runtime”
(CLR) or sometimes
simply .NET
Framework
Compiled code also
called “Microsoft
Intermediate
Language” (MSIL)
15

16. .NET Framework
C#
VB.NET
MSIL
J#
Many .NET
languages
C#, VB.NET
J#
C++ .NET
Cobol, Perl
...
16

17. .Net Languages




Unlike Java’s VM, different languages can
be used to compile into Intermediate
Language.
C# - more like Java than C++
VB.NET – Visual Basic’s response
J#, Cobol, Fortran, Scheme, Perl, ...
17

18. Installing the .NET Framework



.NET Framework installs only on Windows
98 and above
It’s a 20 MB file named “dotnetfx.exe”
Can also be found
 http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com

Comes pre-installed starting with Windows
Server 2003
18

19. .NET Framework Class Library

There are literally thousands of extremely
useful classes that cover very common
tasks:
 File
operations, networking, cryptography
 Database access, Windows-related tasks

One major key to .NET programming is
actually to know the classes (instead of
wasting time writing them from scratch)
19

20. Namespaces

Every class belongs to a namespace
 e.x.,
FileInfo belongs to the System.IO
namespace
 You can refer to it using System.IO.FileInfo or
use the “using” or “imports” keyword to “import”
entire namespaces
 This allows different classes with the same
name to co-exist
20

21. What is "Common Type System"
(CTS)





provide language interoperability
language sharing the same data types
int should mean the same in VB, VC++, C#
and all other
CTS, much like Java, defines every data
type as a Class
Every .NET compliant language must stick
to this definition
21

22. Popular Project Types







Console applications.
Scripted or hosted applications.
Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).
ASP.NET applications.
XML Web services.
Windows services.
Windows Forms Application


ASP.NET Applications


.NET programs that run under the Microsoft Windows platform
(previously known as “Win32 Applications”)
An entire website that is driven by Microsoft .NET
Smart Clients

Sophisticated computing devices that communicate with PCs to
allow access to information

PDAs, Laptops, Terminals, Cellphones
22

23. .NET Development
VB
C++
C#
J#
…
Common Language Specification
ASP.NET
Web Forms Web Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit
Windows
Forms
ADO.NET and XML
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
23

24. The .NET Framework: Common Language
Specification
 Basic themes of .NET is unification and
interoperability between various
programming languages
 To
achieve this there must be some rules
followed by all the languages

CLS is the collection of the rules and
constraints that every language (that seeks
to achieve .NET compatibility) must follow
24

25. The .NET Framework: Common Language
Specification


Microsoft have defined three level of CLS
compatibility/compliance.
COMPLIANT PRODUCER


CONSUMER


The language in this category can use classes produced in any
other language
EXTENDER


The component developed in this type of language can be used by
any other language
Languages in this category can not just use the classes as in
CONSUMER category; but can also extend classes using
inheritance
Microsoft is providing


Visual Basic®, C++, C#, J#, JScript®
Industry and academia

APL, COBOL, Eiffel, Fortran, Haskell, ML, Perl, Python, RPG, Scheme,
Smalltalk, …
25

26. Common Language Infrastructure
The following organizations have participated
and their contributions are gratefully
acknowledged:
Fujitsu Software, Hewlett-Packard, Intel
Corporation, International Business Machines, ISE,
Microsoft Corporation, Monash University,
Netscape, OpenWave, Plum Hall, Sun
Microsystems
26

27. .NET Development
VB
C++
C#
J#
…
Common Language Specification
ASP.NET
Web Forms Web Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit
Windows
Forms
ADO.NET and XML
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
27

28. Common Language Runtime: Execution
model
Source
code
C#
C++
Compiler
Managed
code
VB
Compiler
Compiler
Assembly
IL Code
Assembly
IL Code
Assembly
IL Code
Unmanaged
Component
Common Language Runtime
JIT Compiler
Native Code
Operating System Services
28

29. What is "Microsoft Intermediate
Language" (MSIL)




A .NET programming language (C#,
VB.NET, J# etc.) does not compile into
executable code
compiles into an intermediate code called
Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL).
The MSIL code is then send to the CLR
(Common Language Runtime) that converts
the code to machine language which is then
run on the host machine
MSIL is similar to Java Byte code
29

30. Common Language Runtime





Every .NET Framework application relies on the
CLR
Every .NET Framework assembly contains a
manifest:
 Class/Method Meta-Data
 Versioning Information
The common language runtime manages memory,
thread execution, code execution, code safety
verification, compilation, and other system services
The runtime is designed to enhance performance
The runtime also accelerates developer
productivity
30

31. Inside a .NET Framework Application


During Execution, MSIL is JIT Compiled
Method-by-Method, and stored in the Global
Assembly Cache (machine-wide code cache
) on the Hard Drive
The GAC knows the version information!
 Copy
a new version, execute – and both
versions are still available in the cache.
App1.exe
Ref: Widget.dll, ver 1.2.1.7
App2.exe
Ref: Widget.dll, ver 1.3.0.0
Widget.dll
Ver 1.2.1.7
GAC
Widget.dll
Ver 1.3.0.0
31

32. .NET Development
VB
C++
C#
J#
…
Common Language Specification
ASP.NET
Web Forms Web Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit
Windows
Forms
ADO.NET and XML
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
32

33. Start Visual Studio.Net 2005
Click on New Project Button
33

34. . Starting Projects


Creating a New Project
In the Visual Studio.NET environment, select File |
New | Project from the menu.
34

35. •
•
•
•
•
•
In left window, select “Visual Basic Projects”.
In right window, select “Console Application”
Name it What u want (Note: No Spaces!)
Click “Browse” button to select your Location.
Note location where project will be saved.
Click “OK” button to create the project.
35

36. using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine ("This is first Program");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
36

37. Console Output
Note the console window.
37
Press enter to exit that window.