The document provides an overview of C# program structure including comments, identifiers, classes, methods, data types, variables, and input/output. Some key points:
- C# uses single-line and multi-line comments for documentation.
- Identifiers name variables, classes, and methods using letters, digits and underscores with case sensitivity.
- A class contains methods and defines the structure of an object. The Main method is entry point for console apps.
- Built-in data types include integers, floats, decimals, booleans, characters and strings.
- Variables store values of a specific data type and are declared with type and name. Constants are similar but values cannot change.
- Console
This is a little presentation for those interested in learning C#. I find it useful to present this to new clients to see where they are at in the the programming curve.
Keywords, identifiers ,datatypes in C++Ankur Pandey
Everything about Keywords, Identifiers,
Datatypes in C++, in this module you gain knowledge about what is Keywords, Identifiers,
Datatypes in C++ (Object oriented programming).
This is a little presentation for those interested in learning C#. I find it useful to present this to new clients to see where they are at in the the programming curve.
Keywords, identifiers ,datatypes in C++Ankur Pandey
Everything about Keywords, Identifiers,
Datatypes in C++, in this module you gain knowledge about what is Keywords, Identifiers,
Datatypes in C++ (Object oriented programming).
A presentation I gave in Expert Days 2012. In this presentations I explain how most of the features in the C# language work, including Iterators, Lambdas, Linq, Dynamics, and more.
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A presentation I gave in Expert Days 2012. In this presentations I explain how most of the features in the C# language work, including Iterators, Lambdas, Linq, Dynamics, and more.
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Its very happy to introduced ourself. Our
Institution Adroit Infogen Pvt. Ltd. Corporation is
the industry leader in reliability consulting and
training services
Has been founded in 2007 by Mr.R.Praneeth
Reddy .
It is to inform that we have been chosen as one
of the outsourcing agencies to start IT related
ESDP's [Entrepreneurship & Skill Development
Programs] by NI-MSME. In this connection we
wish to inform that we are conducting free
training programs for the students which
provided the certification in different programs
by NI-MSME, Ministry of MSME, Govt of India)
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SAS University Edition - Getting StartedCraig Trim
Get Started with SAS University Edition on your local machine using Virtual Box to host a pre-installed instance. Work through the initial setup and configuration and run SAS code from the training modules.
Defining Simple Classes
Using Own Classes and Objects
Access Modifiers
Constructors and Initializers
Defining Fields
Defining Properties, Getters and Setters
Defining Methods
Exercises: Defining and Using Own Classes
Numeral Systems: Positional and Non-Positional
Conversions between Positional Numeral Systems: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Representation of Numbers in Computer Memory
Exercises: Conversion between Different Numeral Systems
Trees. Defining, Creating and Traversing Trees. Traversing the File System
Binary Search Trees. Balanced Trees
Graphs and Graphs Traversal Algorithms
Exercises: Working with Trees and Graphs
Fundamental of C Programming Language and Basic Input/Output Functionimtiazalijoono
Fundamental of C Programming Language
and
Basic Input/Output Function
contents
C Development Environment
C Program Structure
Basic Data Types
Input/Output function
Common Programming Error
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. Introduction to Visual Programming
Lecture #2:
C# Program Structure
identifiers, variables, inc & dec
2. C# Program Structure
Program specifications (optional)
//==========================================================
//
// File: HelloWorld.cs CS112 Assignment 00
//
// Author: Muhammad Adeel Abid
Email: m_adeel_dcs@yahoo.com
//
// Classes: HelloWorld
// -------------------// This program prints a string called "Hello, World!”
//
//==========================================================
Library imports
using System;
Class and namespace definitions
class HelloWorld
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine(“Hello, World!”);
}
}
2
3. Comments
Comments
Comments are ignored by the compiler: used only for
human readers (i.e., inline documentation)
Two types of comments
• Single-line comments use
//…
// this comment runs to the end of the line
• Multi-lines comments use /*
… */
/* this comment runs to the terminating
symbol, even across line breaks
*/
3
4. Identifiers
Identifiers are the words that a programmer uses in a program
An identifier can be made up of letters, digits, and the underscore
character
They cannot begin with a digit
C# is case sensitive, therefore args and Args are different
identifiers
Sometimes we choose identifiers
ourselves when writing a program
(such as HelloWorld)
using System;
class HelloWorld
Sometimes we are using another {
static void Main(string[] args)
programmer's code, so we use
{
Console.WriteLine(“Hello World!”);
the identifiers that they chose
}
(such as WriteLine)
}
4
5. Identifiers: Keywords
Often we use special identifiers called keywords that
already have a predefined meaning in the language
Example: class
A keyword cannot be used in any other way
C# Keywords
abstract
byte
class
delegate
event
fixed
goto
interface
namespace
out
public
sealed
static
throw
ulong
value
as
case
const
do
explicit
float
if
internal
new
override
readonly
set
string
true
unchecked
virtual
base
catch
continue
double
extern
for
implicit
is
null
params
ref
short
struct
try
unsafe
void
bool
char
decimal
else
false
foreach
in
lock
object
private
return
sizeof
switch
typeof
ushort
volatile
break
checked
default
enum
finally
get
int
long
operator
protected
sbyte
stackalloc
this
uint
using
while
All C# keywords are lowercase!
5
6. C# Program Structure: Class
//
comments about the class
class HelloWorld
{
class header
class body
Comments can be added almost anywhere
}
6
7. C# Classes
Each class name is an identifier
• Can contain letters, digits, and underscores (_)
• Cannot start with digits
• Can start with the at symbol (@)
Convention: Class names are capitalized, with
each additional English word capitalized as well
(e.g., MyFirstProgram )
Class bodies start with a left brace ({)
Class bodies end with a right brace (})
7
8. C# Program Structure: Method
//
comments about the class
class HelloWorld
{
//
comments about the method
static void Main (string[] args)
{
Console.Write(“Hello World!”);
Console.WriteLine(“This is from CS112!”);
}
}
8
9. Console Application vs. Window Application
Console Application
No visual component
Only text input and output
Run under Command Prompt or DOS Prompt
Window Application
Forms with many different input and output types
Contains Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
GUIs make the input and output more user friendly!
Message boxes
• Within the System.Windows.Forms namespace
• Used to prompt or display information to the user
9
10. Variables
A variable is a typed name for a location in memory
A variable must be declared, specifying the variable's
name and the type of information that will be held in it
data type
variable name numberOfStudents:
int numberOfStudents;
…
int total;
…
int average, max;
9200
total: 9204
9208
9212
9216
average: 9220
max: 9224
9228
9232
Which ones are valid variable names?
myBigVar
99bottles
VAR1
_test
@test
namespace
It’s-all-over
10
11. Assignment
An assignment statement changes the value of a variable
The assignment operator is the = sign
int total;
…
total = 55;
The value on the right is stored in the variable on the left
The value that was in total is overwritten
You can only assign a value to a variable that is consistent with the
variable's declared type (more later)
You can declare and assign initial value to a variable at the same
time, e.g.,
int total = 55;
11
12. Example
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int total;
total = 15;
System.Console.Write(“total = “);
System.Console.WriteLine(total);
total = 55 + 5;
System.Console.Write(“total = “);
System.Console.WriteLine(total);
}
12
13. Constants
A constant is similar to a variable except that it holds
one value for its entire existence
The compiler will issue an error if you try to change a
constant
In C#, we use the constant modifier to declare a
constant
constant int numberOfStudents = 42;
Why constants?
give names to otherwise unclear literal values
facilitate changes to the code
prevent inadvertent errors
13
14. C# Data Types
There are 15 data types in C#
Eight of them represent integers:
byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long,ulong
Two of them represent floating point numbers
float, double
One of them represents decimals:
decimal
One of them represents boolean values:
bool
One of them represents characters:
char
One of them represents strings:
string
One of them represents objects:
object
14
15. Numeric Data Types
The difference between the various numeric types is their size,
and therefore the values they can store:
Type
Storage
Range
byte
sbyte
short
ushort
int
uint
long
ulong
8 bits
8 bits
16 bits
16 bits
32 bits
32 bits
64 bits
64 bits
0 - 255
-128 - 127
-32,768 - 32767
0 - 65537
-2,147,483,648 – 2,147,483,647
0 – 4,294,967,295
-9×1018 to 9×1018
0 – 1.8×1019
decimal
128 bits
±1.0×10-28; ±7.9×1028 with 28-29 significant digits
float
double
32 bits
64 bits
±1.5×10-45; ±3.4×1038 with 7 significant digits
±5.0×10-324; ±1.7×10308 with 15-16 significant digits
Question: you need a variable to represent world population. Which type do you use?
15
16. Examples of Numeric Variables
int x = 1;
short y = 10;
float pi = 3.14f; // f denotes float
float f3 = 7E-02f; // 0.07
double d1 = 7E-100;
// use m to denote a decimal
decimal microsoftStockPrice = 28.38m;
Example: TestNumeric.cs
16
17. Boolean
A bool value represents a true or false
condition
A boolean can also be used to represent any
two states, such as a light bulb being on or off
The reserved words true and false are
the only valid values for a boolean type
bool doAgain = true;
17
18. Characters
A char is a single character from the a character set
A character set is an ordered list of characters; each character is
given a unique number
C# uses the Unicode character set, a superset of ASCII
Uses sixteen bits per character, allowing for 65,536 unique characters
It is an international character set, containing symbols and characters
from many languages
Code chart can be found at:
http://www.unicode.org/charts/
Character literals are represented in a program by delimiting with
single quotes, e.g.,
'a‘ 'X‘ '7' '$‘ ',‘
char response = ‘Y’;
18
19. Common Escape Sequences
Escape sequence Description
n
Newline. Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the
next line.
t
Horizontal tab. Move the screen cursor to the next tab stop.
r
Carriage return. Position the screen cursor to the beginning
of the current line; do not advance to the next line. Any
characters output after the carriage return overwrite the
previous characters output on that line.
’
Used to print a single quote
Backslash. Used to print a backslash character.
"
Double quote. Used to print a double quote (") character.
19
21. Data Input
Console.ReadLine()
Used to get a value from the user input
Example
string myString = Console.ReadLine();
Convert from string to the correct data type
Int32.Parse()
• Used to convert a string argument to an integer
• Allows math to be preformed once the string is converted
• Example:
string myString = “1023”;
int myInt = Int32.Parse( myString );
Double.Parse()
Single.Parse()
//for double type variable
//for float type variable
21
22. Sample Input
//for String
String s;
Console.Write("Enter a string =");
s = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("You enter =" + s);
//-----------------------------------//for int
int a;
Console.Write("Enter an integer =");
a = Int32.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("You enter =" + a);
//-----------------------------------//for float
float flt;
Console.Write("Enter float value =");
flt = Single.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("You enter =" + flt);
//-----------------------------------//for double
double dbl;
Console.Write("Enter Double type value =");
dbl = Double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine("You enter =" + dbl);
22
23. Increment and Decrement
++ is used to denote Increment
Prefix increment(++a)
Postfix increment(a++)
-- is used to denote Decrement
Prefix decrement(--a)
Postfix decrement(a--)
23