The document discusses referencing and why it is important. It explains that referencing means showing where information or ideas come from to authenticate research, acknowledge original authors, and avoid plagiarism. It discusses different referencing systems like APA, Harvard, and MLA. In-text citations provide short references in the text, while end references in the reference list provide full details of sources. Examples are given of how to format in-text citations and end references for articles, books, and websites.

1. In the name of Allah Kareem,
Most Beneficent, Most Gracious,
the Most Merciful !

5. Referencing
 Referencing means systematically
showing what information or ideas you are
quoting or paraphrasing, and where they
come from.

6. Why Reference?
Referencing is necessary to
 Authenticate your research with evidence from literature
 Acknowledge the original author
 to enable readers follow-up the source
 avoid plagiarism,

7. WHAT MUST I REFERENCE?
 All work done by other researchers
 Other writers' words

8. DIFFERENT REFERENCING
SYSTEMS
 APA Referencing
 Harvard Referencing
 Oxford-Cambridge Referencing
 MLA
 AMA
 APA (American Psychological Association) Style:
This system is primarily used by those writing in the social sciences.

9. Basic components of
Referencing
1) In text referencing (citation)
2) End list Referencing

10. In-text Reference
An in-text reference to show that a piece
of information, idea, quotation, etc. It is
always designed to be short because it is
interrupting the text.
Example:
Much of this research has demonstrated that there is relationships between
HR practices and firm profitability (Allen, 1996).
Author Name Year

11. End list Referencing
An End list reference to show the
detailed information of source. It includes
following contents
Example:
 Allen, N. J. and Meyer, J. P. (1996) ‘Affective, continuance and normative commitment
and turnover’, Academy of Management Journal, 37: 670-87.
Contents Example
Author Name Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1996)
Year 1996
Title Affective, continuance and normative
commitment and turnover
Journal Academy of Management Journal
Volume no 37
Page no 670-87

12. Examples
Source In-text Example End-List Example
Article Wharton (1996) Wharton, N. (1996). Health and safety in outdoor activity
centers. Journal of Adventure Education and outdoor
Leadership, 12(4), 8-9
Book Comfort (1997, p. 58) Comfort, A. (1997). A good age. London: Mitchell
Beazley.
Website Dawson & Smith, (2002) Dawson, J., Smith, L., (2002). Retrieved october 31,
2002, from
http://studytrekk.lis.curtin.edu.au/

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