This document discusses the load carrying capacity and design of reinforced concrete beams. It provides information on:
1. The loads carried by different types of beams supporting one-way or two-way slabs. Equations are given for calculating equivalent uniform distributed loads.
2. Slab load per unit area calculations for different floor types, including dead loads from self-weight, finishes, and live loads.
3. The process for designing singly reinforced concrete beams using the strength method, including selecting dimensions and reinforcement ratios to satisfy strength and serviceability limits.
4. Details on reinforcement schedules, bar types, hook lengths, and calculating rebar quantities.
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
This Presentation deals with the Design of a Cantilever Retaining Wall with no surcharge.
Please notify any errors you may find in the ppt.
thankyou for your time.
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
This Presentation deals with the Design of a Cantilever Retaining Wall with no surcharge.
Please notify any errors you may find in the ppt.
thankyou for your time.
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Reinforced concrete Course Assignments, 2023.
Educational material for the RCS course. Design examples for reinforced concrete structures regarding beams and mast columns.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
2. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Load Carried by the Beam
Beam Supporting One-way Slab
lx
lx
Exterior Beam
Interior Beam
Width of slab supported by interior beam = lx
Width of slab supported by exterior beam = lx/2 + Cantilever width
ly
(ly/lx > 2)
3. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Load Carrie by the Beam
Beam Supporting Two-way Slab (ly/lx≤ 2)
lx
lx
ly ly
Exterior Long Beam
Interior Long Beam
Exterior Short Beam
Interior Short Beam
45o
4. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Load Carrie by the Beam
Beam Supporting Two-way Slab (ly/lx≤ 2) contd…
45olx/2
lx/2
o
45cos
2/xl
2
o
45cos
2/x
lArea of Square
Shorter Beams
For simplification this
triangular load on both
the sides is to be replaced
by equivalent UDL,
which gives same Mmax as
for the actual triangular
load.
2
2
xl
5. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Load Carried by the Beam
Beam Supporting Two-way Slab (ly/lx≤ 2) contd…
45o45o
Equivalent Rectangular
Area
2
2
x
3
2
2
x
3
4
l
l
Factor of 4/3 convert this VDL into UDL.
Equivalent width supported
by interior short beam
lx
x
x
3
2
l
l 2
x
3
2
l
Equivalent width supported
by exterior short beam
3
xl
Cantilever
x
3
2
l
6. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Load Carried by the Beam
Beam Supporting Two-way Slab (ly/lx≤ 2)contd…
lx
lx
ly
Exterior Long Beam
2
2
x
xy
2
x
l
ll
l
Supported Area
lx/2 lx/2ly - lx
4
x
2
x
2
yx 22
llll
4
x
2
yx 2
lll
2
x
yx
2
1 2
l
ll
7. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Load Carried by the Beam
Beam Supporting Two-way Slab (ly/lx≤ 2)contd…
Exterior Long Beam
2
R1
3
R1
F
2
y
x
R
l
l
where
Factor F converts
trapezoidal load into
equivalent UDL for
maximum B.M. at center
of simply supported
beam.For Square panel
R = 1 and F = 4/3
8. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Load Carried by the Beam
Beam Supporting Two-way Slab (ly/lx≤ 2)contd…
Exterior Long Beam
Equivalent width
lx/2 lx/2ly - lx
Equivalent width
Length...Span
F)Supported..Area(
ly
y
1
2R1
3R1
2
x
yx
2
1 22
l
l
ll
2R1
3R1
2
x
1
2
x 2
lyll
3R1
2
x 2l
+ Cantilever (if present)
11. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Wall Load on the Lintel
Equivalent UDL on lintel if
height of slab above lintel
is greater than 0.866L 0.866L
60o 60o
L
Ltw11.0UDL kN/m
tw = wall thickness in “mm”
L = Opening size in “m”
If the height of slab above lintel is less than 0.866L
Total Wall Load + Load from slab in case of load bearing wall
UDL = (Equivalent width of slab supported) x (Slab load per unit area)
= m x kN/m2 = kN/m
12. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Slab Load per Unit Area
Top Roof
Slab Thickness = 125 mm
Earth Filling = 100 mm
Brick Tiles = 38 mm
Dead Load
2
m/kg3002400
1000
125
Self wt. of R.C. slab
Earth Filling
2
m/kg1801800
1000
100
Brick Tiles
2
m/kg741930
1000
38
554 kg/m2Total Dead Load, Wd =
13. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Slab Load per Unit Area (contd…)
Top Roof
Live Load
WL = 200 kg/m2
Ldu W6.1W2.1W
Total Factored Load, Wu
1000
81.9
2006.15542.1Wu
2
u m/kN66.9W
14. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Slab Load per Unit Area (contd…)
Intermediate Floor
Slab Thickness = 150 mm
Screed (brick ballast + 25% sand) = 75 mm
P.C.C. = 40 mm
Terrazzo Floor = 20 mm
Dead Load
2
m/kg3602400
1000
150
Self wt. of R.C. slab
Screed 2
m/kg1351800
1000
75
Terrazzo + P.C.C 2
m/kg1382300
1000
)4020(
633 kg/m2
Total Dead Load, Wd =
15. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Slab Load per Unit Area (contd…)
Intermediate Floor
Live Load
Occupancy Live Load = 250 kg/m2
Moveable Partition Load = 150 kg/m2
WL = 250 + 150 = 400 kg/m2
Ldu W6.1W2.1W
Total Factored Load, Wu
1000
81.9
4006.16332.1Wu
2
u m/kN73.13W
16. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Slab Load per Unit Area (contd…)
Self Weight of Beam
Service Self Wight of Beam = b x h x 1m x 2400
2
L11.112400m1
18
L
12
L
Kg/m
Factored Self Wight of Beam
22
L131.0
1000
81.9
2.1L11.11 kN/m
Self weight of beam is required to be calculated in at the stage of
analysis, when the beam sizes are not yet decided, so approximate
self weight is computed using above formula.
17. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule
Serial #
Bar
Designation
Number
of Bars
Length
of one
Bar
Dia
of
bar
Weight of Steel Required
Shape of
Bar
#10 #13 #15 #19 #25
1 M-1 #25
2 S-1 #10
3 H-1 #15
Σ
Total weight of steel = 1.05Σ , 5% increase, for wastage during cutting
and bending
18. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule (contd…)
Bent-up Bar
h45o
h
h2
Additional Length = 0.414 h
Total Length = L + 0.414 h
L
19. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule (contd…)
90o-Standard Hooks (ACI)
db
R = 4db
for bar up-to #25
R = 5db
for bar #29 & #36
R = 12db
L
Total Length = L + 18db For R 4db
20. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule (contd…)
180o-Standard Hooks (ACI)
db
L
Total Length = L + 20db
4db
Same as 90o hook
21. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule (contd…)
Example: Prepare bar bending schedule for the given beam. Clear
cover = 40 mm
2-#20 +1-#15
4000
570 2-#20
2-#10
228
#10 @ 180 c/c
Longitudinal Section
1-# 15
22. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule (contd…)
Example: Prepare bar bending schedule for the given beam. Clear
cover = 40 mm
#10 @ 180 c/c
228
375
2-#10
1-# 15
2-#20
(M-2)
(M-1)
(S-1)
(H-1)
Cross Section
23. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule (contd…)
Example:
M-1
M-1 = 4000 + 2 x 228 – 2 x 40 + 2 x (18 x 20)
= 5096
M-2h = 375 – 2 x 40 – 2 x 10 – 2 (15/2) = 260
h
M-2 = 4000 + 2 x 228 – 2 x 40 + (0.414 x 260) x 2
= 5091
H-1
H-1 = 4000 + 2 x 228 – 2 x 40
= 4376
24. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule (contd…)
Example: Prepare bar bending schedule for the given beam. Clear
cover = 40 mm
Number of Bars = 4000 / 180 +1 = 24 Round-up
Shear stirrups
a
a = 375 – 2 x 40 – 10 = 285 mm
bb = 228– 2 x 40 – 10 =138 mm
Total length of S-1 = 2 (138 + 285 + 18 x 10) = 1206 mm
25. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Bar Bending Schedule
Serial #
Bar
Designation
Number
of Bars
Length
of one
Bar
(m)
Dia
of
bar
Weight of Steel
Bars
Shape of Bar
#10 #15 #20
1 M-1 2 5.096 20 24
2 M-2 1 4.591 15 7.2
3 H-1 2 4.376 10 6.9
4 S-1 24 1.206 10 22.7
1.05 Σ 31.1 7.6 25.2
Total Weight = 64 kg
4376
4376
4376
285138
26. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Strength
Method (for flexure only)
Data:
Load, Span (SFD, BMD)
fc’, fy, Es
Architectural depth, if any
Required:
Dimensions, b & h
Area of steel
Detailing (bar bending schedule)
27. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Strength Method (contd…)
Procedure:
1. Select reasonable steel ratio between ρmin and ρmax.
Then find b, h and As.
2. Select reasonable values of b, h and then
calculate ρ and As.
28. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Strength Method (contd…)
2. Using Trial Dimensions
I. Calculate loads acting on the beam.
II. Calculate total factored loads and plot SFD and
BMD. Determine Vumax and Mumax.
III. Select suitable value of beam width ‘b’. Usually
between L/20 to L/15. preferably a multiple of
75mm or 114 mm.
IV. Calculate dmin.
b'f205.0
M
d
c
u
min
hmin = dmin + 60 mm for single layer of steel
hmin = dmin + 75mm for double layer of steel
Round to
upper 75 mm
29. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Strength Method (contd…)
V. Decide the final depth.
minhh For strength
minhh For deflection
ahh Architectural depth
12
hh
Preferably “h” should be multiple of 75mm.
Recalculate “d” for the new value of “h”
30. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Strength Method (contd…)
VI. Calculate “ρ” and “As”.
fc'
2.614R
11wρ
Four methods
y
c
f
'f
0.85w 2
u
bd
M
R
Design Table
Design curves
Using trial Method
a)
b)
c)
d)
31. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Strength Method (contd…)
VII. Check As ≥ As min.
As min = ρmin bd (ρmin = 1.4/fy to fc’ ≤ 30 MPa)
VIII. Carry out detailing
IX. Prepare detailed sketches/drawings.
X. Prepare bar bending schedule.
32. Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Design of Singly Reinforced Beam by Strength Method (contd…)
1. Using Steel Ratio
I. Step I and II are same as in previous method.
III. Calculate ρmax and ρmin & select some suitable “ρ”.
IV. Calculate bd2 from the formula of moment
V. Select such values of “b” and “d” that “bd2” value
is satisfied.
VI. Calculate As.
VII. Remaining steps are same as of previous method.
'1.7f
ρf
1fρbd0.9MΦM
c
y
y
2
nbu