The document discusses learning theories related to constructivism. It describes the theories of Piaget, Bruner, Vygotsky, and Dewey who were influential in constructivist thinking. Piaget believed that children learn through cognitive stages without needing adult motivation. Bruner thought learning involves constructing new ideas based on prior knowledge. Vygotsky emphasized social influences and building from a learner's level of social development. Dewey focused on engaging and expanding learner experiences.