The document discusses several influential educational theorists and their constructivist views on learning. Jean Piaget believed children actively construct knowledge through four cognitive stages. Jerome Bruner viewed learning as an active process where learners construct ideas from their knowledge. Lev Vygotsky emphasized social learning and a child's zone of proximal development. John Dewey promoted progressive, student-directed education involving real-world experiences. Constructivism holds that learning is an active, constructive process where students learn by doing and constructing their own knowledge with guidance from teachers.