Constructivism posits that learning is an active process where learners construct new ideas based on previous knowledge. Key theorists include Piaget, who believed children learn actively without adult motivation; Bruner, who said learning involves constructing new ideas; Vygotsky, who emphasized social learning and culture; and Dewey, who viewed education as social. In constructivist classrooms, students are encouraged to be autonomous, use hands-on materials, and communicate their understanding with teachers and peers to actively construct knowledge. Assessments focus on the learning process rather than standardized tests.

2.  Constructivism
 Key Players of Constructivism
 Key Players of Constructivism
 Classroom Implications: Students
under this theory
 Classroom Implications: Teachers
under this theory
 My Thoughts

3. Constructivism as a paradigm or worldview
posits that learning is an
active, constructive process. The learner
is an information constructor. People
actively construct or create their own
subjective representations of objective
reality. New information is linked to prior
knowledge, thus mental representations
are subjective.

4.  Jean Piaget
› Children think differently from adult thus he believed
children were active learners and did not need
motivation from adults to learn.
› Children interpret knowledge differently as they
progress through different stages.
 Jerome Bruner
› Proposed that learning is an active process in which
the learner constructs new ideas or concepts based
on his or her current and past knowledge.
› Children are constructivist learners are participatory
learners and are actively engaged in the learning
process.

5.  Lev Vygotsky
› Social cognition, believed that learning was
influenced significantly by social
development and learning took place of a
child’s social development and culture.
 John Dewey
› Believed that education was a social
process therefore learning should engage
and expand the experiences of the learners.

6.  Encourage and accept student autonomy and
initiative.
 Try to use raw data and primary sources, in addition
to manipulative, interactive, and physical materials.
 Search out students' understanding and prior
experiences about a concept before teaching it to
them.
 Encourage communication between the teacher
and the students and also between the students.
 Ask follow up questions and seek elaboration after a
student's initial response.
 Provide enough time for students to construct their
own meaning when learning something new.

7.  Children learn more, and enjoy learning more
when they are actively involved, rather than
passive listeners.
 Constructivist learning is transferable. In
constructivist classrooms, students create
organizing principles that they can take with
them to other learning settings.
 By grounding learning activities in an
authentic, real-world context, constructivism
stimulates and engages students. Students in
constructivist classrooms learn to question
things and to apply their natural curiosity to the
world.

8.  Constructivism calls for the elimination of a
standardized curriculum which means
instead, it promotes using curricula
customized to the students’ prior
knowledge. Also, when it comes to
assessments, constructivism calls for the
elimination of grades and standardized
testing which I agree with and
instead, assessment becomes part of the
learning process so that students play a
larger role in judging their own progress.