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Gestalt Theory
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- 2. meaning Human is aspecies driven by a desire to make meanings: above all, Designers are surely Homo significans - meaning-makers.
- 3. perception Why do some"beautiful" objects quickly lose their appeal, while others seem to have a more lasting allure? Do lasting truths guide our perception of what is beautiful? Mankind has been fascinated by the notion of beauty since before recorded history.
- 5. perception Aesthetic perception We can however distinguish two types of meaning criteria. Constant criteria in all the groups of individuals: these ones are essentially connected to psycho physiological mechanisms of the perception. Variable criteria according to the groups of individuals: these ores are connected to the psychological mechanisms of the perception with the influence of cultural, sociological and environment factors.
- 6. perception Aesthetic perception A methodology resulting in an analysis of the aesthetic perception must take account in first, the formal qualities of the object (Gestalt psychology or psychology of the form), in connection with the mechanisms of the perception (theory of the information), secondly the value of the object as sign (semiotics) in connection with the mechanisms of social evolution.
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- 10. gestalt Aesthetic perception In 1890 the Viennese philosopher, Christian von Errenfels, published a book on " the qualities of the form ". This work was first attempt towards the elaboration of a new theory of the form. "All the components taken together form a Gestalt, or whole structure. He extended the same principle to logic and number theory:
- 11. gestalt Theword Gestalt is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been “gestellt”; i.e, "placed," or "put together." There is no exact equivalent in English. "Form" is the usual translations; in psychology the word is often rendered "pattern" or "configuration."
- 12. gestalt One of themost important theories of perception is the Gestalt Theory. It was developed about 1910 by Max Wertheimer and carried on by Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka at Frankfurt University. Psychology of form - Wolfgang Köhler
- 13. gestalt A form issomething else and something more than the sum of her parts. A part in a whole is something else that this part isolated in another whole. Psychic facts are forms, that is to say organic unities, which become more individual and limit themselves in the spatial field of perception and representation. Psychology of form - Wolfgang Köhler
- 14. gestalt Every form is a function of some variable and not the sum of several elements. Forms are transposable it should to say that some properties are preserved in the changes which affect in some way all their parts.. Psychology of form - Wolfgang Köhler
- 15. gestalt Gestalt meanswhen parts identified individually have different characteristics to the whole (Gestalt means "organized whole") e.g. describing a tree - it's parts are trunk, branches, leaves, perhaps blossoms or fruit But when you look at an entire tree, you are not conscious of the parts, you are aware of the overall object: the tree. Parts are of secondary importance even though they can be clearly seen.
- 16. gestalt In other term,Gestalt Psychology proposes the idea that nothing is fully comprehensible out of context. The essential point of gestalt is that in perception the whole is different from the sum of his parts. Psychology of form - Wolfgang Köhler
- 17. gestalt The whole isdifferent from the sum of his parts.
- 18. gestalt The whole isdifferent from the sum of his parts.
- 19. gestalt A part ina whole is different from this part in another whole.
- 20. gestalt A part ina whole is different from this part in another whole.
- 26. gestalt the law ofthe relation figure / ground
- 27. gestalt This figure appears to the eye as a square inside a circle, or as donut shaped circle with a square hole. Figure/ground reversals create a delightful "surprise" in the viewer's eye. Many of the best logos designed will use figure/ground reversal to their advantage.
- 28. gestalt In the terms of gestalt psychology, figure refers to an active, positive form revealed against a passive, negative ground. The figure can only be identified because of its background, and the background only because of its figure.
- 29. gestalt The white cross appears on a concentric ground of circles, after one moment the image change and another cross appears with strips on its surface on an white ground.
- 30. gestalt Stabilization of theimage by a horizontal/vertical organization
- 31. gestalt Stabilization of theimage by the size
- 32. gestalt the law ofsymmetry
- 33. gestalt Regions bound byby symmetrical boarders tend to be perceived as coherent figures Symmetric stimuli are grouped together
- 38. gestalt the law ofproximity
- 39. gestalt Elementsare close together will be perceive as a coherent object On the left there appears to be four horizontal columns, while on the right, the grouping appears to be rows
- 40. gestalt Six columns Three groups of two columns
- 41. gestalt Two groups of Two groups of spots spots One group of spots
- 42. gestalt the law ofsimilarity
- 43. gestalt Elements that looksimilar will be perceived as a part of the same form There seems to be a triangle in the square
- 44. gestalt There seems tobe two white columns alternate with two yellow columns
- 45. gestalt the law ofgood continuation
- 46. gestalt Humans tend tocontinue contours whenever the elements of the pattern establish an implied direction People tend to draw a good continuous line
- 47. gestalt the law ofclosure
- 48. gestalt Humans tend toenclose a space by completing a contour and ignoring gaps in the figure
- 49. gestalt Humans tend toenclose a space by completing a contour and ignoring gaps in the figure
- 50. gestalt Humans tend toenclose a space by completing a contour and ignoring gaps in the figure
- 52. gestalt the law ofPrägnanz
- 53. gestalt A stimuluswill be organized into a good figure as possible. Here, good means symmetrical, simple and regular The left figure appears to the eye as a square overlapping triangle, not a combination of several complicated shapes. The right figure appears to the eye as square inside a circle.
- 54. gestalt The above figureappears to the eye as a black triangle on three white circles
- 55. gestalt The above figureappears to the eye as combination of simples shapes, not a combination of several complicated shapes.
- 56. gestalt But the realityshow us many different combinations.
- 57. gestalt A word isa form; a disconnected suite of letter is not one of it. A melody is more than the sum the various sounds. The concrete is perceived as an entity, not as assembly of sand, water and cement.
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- 59. gestalt the gestalt laws
- 60. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground
- 61. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground law of symmetry
- 62. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground law of symmetry law of Proximity
- 63. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground law of symmetry law of Proximity law of Similarity
- 64. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground law of symmetry law of Proximity law of Similarity law of good continuation
- 65. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground law of symmetry law of Proximity law of Similarity law of good continuation law of closure
- 66. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground law of symmetry law of Proximity law of Similarity law of good continuation law of closure law of Prägnanz
- 67. gestalt the gestalt laws law of the relation figure / ground law of symmetry law of Proximity law of Similarity law of good continuation law of closure law of Prägnanz law of simplicity
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- 75. Symmetry & goodcontinuation
- 76. Symmetry & goodcontinuation
- 77. Symmetry & goodcontinuation
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- 89. gestalt Gestalt means... Organized Order Coherence Structured
- 90. gestalt Create form means... Organize, structure, create Order and Coherence
- 91. gestalt the opposite of design is chaos