Psychology presentation on Learning and its theories.

1. LEARNING
PRESENTATION BY SHANITH GODAGAMA

2. CONTENT SLIDE NO.
What is learning? 3
Types of learning 4
Classical Conditioning 5
Five Key Principles of CC 7-8
Operant Conditioning 9-10
Social Learning Theory 11-12
References 13

3. What is learning?
Psychologists often define learning as a relatively permanent change
in behavior as a result of experience.
The psychology of learning focuses on a range of topics related to
how people learn and interact with their environments.

4. Types of learning

5. Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process in which an association is
made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that
naturally evokes a response.
In Pavlov's classic experiment, the smell of food was the naturally
occurring stimulus that was paired with the previously neutral ringing
of the bell.
Once an association had been made between the two, the sound of the
bell alone could lead to a response.

7. Five Key Principles of Classical
Conditioning
Acquisition is the initial stage of learning when a response is first established
and gradually strengthened. During the acquisition phase of classical
conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned
stimulus.
Extinction is when the occurrences of a conditioned response decreases or
disappears. In classical conditioning, this happens when a conditioned stimulus is
no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

8. Five Key Principles of Classical
Conditioning
Sometimes a learned response can suddenly reemerge even after a period of
extinction. Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of the conditioned response
after a rest period or period of lessened response.
Stimulus generalization is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke
similar responses after the response has been conditioned.
Stimulus discrimination is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned
stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

9. Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a learning process in which the probability of response
occurring is increased or decreased due to reinforcement or punishment.
The underlying idea behind operant conditioning is that the consequences of our
actions shape voluntary behavior.
B. F. Skinner found that the timing of when reinforcements were delivered
influenced how quickly a behavior was learned and how strong the response
would be. The timing and rate of reinforcement are known as schedules of
reinforcement.

11. Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura's social learning theory suggests that in addition to learning
through conditioning, people also learn through observing and imitating the
actions of others.
Four important elements are essential for effective observational learning:
attention, motor skills, motivation, and memory.
Bandura's social learning theory stresses the importance of observational
learning.

13. References
Cherry, K. (September 2019). What Is Classical Conditioning? A Step-by-Step Guide to How
Classical Conditioning Really Works. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/classical-conditioning-2794859
Cherry, K. (August 2019). Pavlov's Dogs and the Discovery of Classical Conditioning. How Ivan
Pavlov Discovered Classical Conditioning. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/pavlovs-dogs-2794989
Cherry, K. (September 2019). The Psychology of Learning. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/learning-study-guide-2795698
Cherry, K. (September 2019). The Psychology of How People Learn. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-learning-2795332