1) Knowledge production and dissemination have historically been unequal, with the global south marginalized. Digital technologies provide new opportunities but can also exacerbate inequalities if discoverability and visibility are not achieved.
2) A case study examining search results for "poverty alleviation" found very little content from or relevant to South Africa, despite significant work being done. Similarly, a climate change research group's work had low initial visibility, though internal mapping showed strong online presence.
3) Visibility and discoverability are now essential for participation in knowledge networks. While open access and digital afford new opportunities, achieving visibility remains challenging without attention to infrastructure, affordability, algorithms, and reward systems that currently privilege global north perspectives
Inequality in educational technology policy networked learning 2016Laura Czerniewicz
Presentation as part of Symposium at Networked Learning
Challenges to social justice and collective well being in a globalised education system
https://networkedlearningconference2016.sched.org/event/6pls/symposium-2-introduction-challenges-to-social-justice-and-collective-wellbeing-in-a-globalised-education-system#
Connecting beyond content - The Impact of the Digital on Higher EdDave Cormier
This talk by Dave Cormier and Bonnie Stewart for the T3 conference at St. Norbert College, explores the ways in which digital technologies open up that “how” of teaching and learning to enable new structures and forms for communications. Digital tools, concepts, and practices open up the walls of classrooms and of scholarship, and thus have far more significant - and hopeful, if complex - implications for academia than content-based debates allow us to grapple with. This presentation will outline ways in which digital networks fundamentally challenge traditional narratives surrounding higher education, and frame possibilities that arise when we think of education in terms of connection rather than content. It will examine what it means to succeed as learners, scholars, and institutions in a time of knowledge abundance, and open up ideas for ways forward.
Inequality in educational technology policy networked learning 2016Laura Czerniewicz
Presentation as part of Symposium at Networked Learning
Challenges to social justice and collective well being in a globalised education system
https://networkedlearningconference2016.sched.org/event/6pls/symposium-2-introduction-challenges-to-social-justice-and-collective-wellbeing-in-a-globalised-education-system#
Connecting beyond content - The Impact of the Digital on Higher EdDave Cormier
This talk by Dave Cormier and Bonnie Stewart for the T3 conference at St. Norbert College, explores the ways in which digital technologies open up that “how” of teaching and learning to enable new structures and forms for communications. Digital tools, concepts, and practices open up the walls of classrooms and of scholarship, and thus have far more significant - and hopeful, if complex - implications for academia than content-based debates allow us to grapple with. This presentation will outline ways in which digital networks fundamentally challenge traditional narratives surrounding higher education, and frame possibilities that arise when we think of education in terms of connection rather than content. It will examine what it means to succeed as learners, scholars, and institutions in a time of knowledge abundance, and open up ideas for ways forward.
With apologies to the great twentieth century philosopher, Don Henley, this talk looks back to the reasons we did learn and looks forward to some of the ways technology might help us to learn for the future.
Key Message: We need an open peer-to-peer network to connect the stakeholders (e.g. Bitcoin), create synergies from the dispersed resources (e.g. BOINC), and multiply the opportunities along the chain. We need the Open Source University of the future.
This is an update of an earlier presentation so is part repeat, but reflects my own growing in understanding of open scholarship over the last year or so.
As part of its “All Hands on Deck” Inclusive Competitiveness strategy to reach all Ohio high school students, the Believe in Ohio (BiO) program of The Ohio Academy of Science today launched a statewide campaign to create the Urban STEM Mentor Network. Inclusive Competitiveness is an interdisciplinary framework of policies, strategies, practices and metrics to improve the performance of underrepresented Americans in the Innovation Economy.
The Urban STEM Mentor Network will support Ohio’s next generation of innovators to create new products, services and jobs through the application of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). BiO is the only statewide Ohio student education program to integrate entrepreneurship and innovation as pathways to job-creation.
Access Under Siege: Are the Gains of Open Education Keeping Pace with the Gro...Don Olcott
Are the proliferating costs of HE out-distancing the benefits of growth of open and distance learning? The author concludes that access, indeed, is under siege by the gradual exclusion of qualified students from mainstream HE. Can ODL keep pace?
Registro de minha participação no Mobility Shifts 2011
http://www.mobilityshifts.org/conference/participants/keynotes/marcelo-pimenta/
http://www.mobilityshifts.org/conference/program/program-saturday-october-15-2011/
Future of Learning, New School, NYC
MoblEd10, a mini conference at Pasadena College, explores the state of our mobile society. This is a brief welcome presentation by Michelle Pacansky-Brock and Michael Berman, offered as a few moments to reflect and ponder on how mobility is affecting the way we live, work, play and learn.
Helping citizens develop their own information literacy curriculum for lifelo...Sheila Webber
Presentation by Sheila Webber and Bill Johnston, given at the CILIP Umbrella copnference on 2 July 2013 in Manchester, UK. The abstract for this presentation read: "Sheila and Bill will outline a framework to enable citizens to self-audit their changing information literacy needs through life, so they can identify strategies for meeting those needs. In particular they will highlight lifestage transitions. They will indicate implications for people who support these citizens, including possibilities in using tools such as MOOCs."
This presentation, called "Bulgarian miracles: Stara Zagora youth and business in pursuit of the Millenium Development Goals" was made by the Initiative Regional Youth Council about their contributions to the Millenium Development Goals.
‘Openness’ and ‘Open Education’ in the Global Digital Economy: An Emerging Paradigm of Social Production
Introduction
2. The Emerging Open Education Paradigm
3. The History of ‘Openness’ in Education: From the Open Classroom to OCW
4. Bergson, Popper, Soros and the Open Society
The New Paradigm of Social Production
Conclusions
Future Flight Fridays: Public Trust in Future FlightKTN
‘Public Acceptance’ can be a challenging theme for Future Flight consortia to approach. Hear from Professor Edmond Awad on the ‘Moral Machine’, Professor Susan Molyneux-Hodgson discussing responsible innovation and technical democracy and Professor Sarah Hartley on moving from public acceptance to knowledge co-production.
This session will focus on:
- What ‘public acceptance’ means, and key challenges consortia face around public trust and acceptance of new technologies in the context of the Future of Flight
- Research areas and approaches to understanding barriers of public trust and acceptance of future of flight challenge proposals
- Potential Tools for public engagement and data collection, drawing a picture on the public perception of ethical implications, trust, and responsibility
- Areas such as the Ethics of Technology; Responsible Innovation; Interdisciplinary collaboration; Public Engagement and Computational Social Science
The FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot: An All-Encompassing Gold Open Access Fu...OpenAIRE
A year into the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot, this presentation delivered at the LIBER Annual Conference 2016 in Helsinki shows the current progress of this funding initiative. This Gold OA Pilot has currently two funding worklines, a main one for APC/BPC payments for post-grant manuscripts arising from finished FP7 projects and an alternative funding mechanism for supporting APC-free OA journals and platforms. Detailed figures are provided for the APC payments made so far, together with a number of findings the initiative has already come upon.
A-Frame is a WebVR framework for developers to make their VR content rapidly. It is based on Entity-Component system. So, it could bring us flexibility and usability for developing.
With apologies to the great twentieth century philosopher, Don Henley, this talk looks back to the reasons we did learn and looks forward to some of the ways technology might help us to learn for the future.
Key Message: We need an open peer-to-peer network to connect the stakeholders (e.g. Bitcoin), create synergies from the dispersed resources (e.g. BOINC), and multiply the opportunities along the chain. We need the Open Source University of the future.
This is an update of an earlier presentation so is part repeat, but reflects my own growing in understanding of open scholarship over the last year or so.
As part of its “All Hands on Deck” Inclusive Competitiveness strategy to reach all Ohio high school students, the Believe in Ohio (BiO) program of The Ohio Academy of Science today launched a statewide campaign to create the Urban STEM Mentor Network. Inclusive Competitiveness is an interdisciplinary framework of policies, strategies, practices and metrics to improve the performance of underrepresented Americans in the Innovation Economy.
The Urban STEM Mentor Network will support Ohio’s next generation of innovators to create new products, services and jobs through the application of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). BiO is the only statewide Ohio student education program to integrate entrepreneurship and innovation as pathways to job-creation.
Access Under Siege: Are the Gains of Open Education Keeping Pace with the Gro...Don Olcott
Are the proliferating costs of HE out-distancing the benefits of growth of open and distance learning? The author concludes that access, indeed, is under siege by the gradual exclusion of qualified students from mainstream HE. Can ODL keep pace?
Registro de minha participação no Mobility Shifts 2011
http://www.mobilityshifts.org/conference/participants/keynotes/marcelo-pimenta/
http://www.mobilityshifts.org/conference/program/program-saturday-october-15-2011/
Future of Learning, New School, NYC
MoblEd10, a mini conference at Pasadena College, explores the state of our mobile society. This is a brief welcome presentation by Michelle Pacansky-Brock and Michael Berman, offered as a few moments to reflect and ponder on how mobility is affecting the way we live, work, play and learn.
Helping citizens develop their own information literacy curriculum for lifelo...Sheila Webber
Presentation by Sheila Webber and Bill Johnston, given at the CILIP Umbrella copnference on 2 July 2013 in Manchester, UK. The abstract for this presentation read: "Sheila and Bill will outline a framework to enable citizens to self-audit their changing information literacy needs through life, so they can identify strategies for meeting those needs. In particular they will highlight lifestage transitions. They will indicate implications for people who support these citizens, including possibilities in using tools such as MOOCs."
This presentation, called "Bulgarian miracles: Stara Zagora youth and business in pursuit of the Millenium Development Goals" was made by the Initiative Regional Youth Council about their contributions to the Millenium Development Goals.
‘Openness’ and ‘Open Education’ in the Global Digital Economy: An Emerging Paradigm of Social Production
Introduction
2. The Emerging Open Education Paradigm
3. The History of ‘Openness’ in Education: From the Open Classroom to OCW
4. Bergson, Popper, Soros and the Open Society
The New Paradigm of Social Production
Conclusions
Future Flight Fridays: Public Trust in Future FlightKTN
‘Public Acceptance’ can be a challenging theme for Future Flight consortia to approach. Hear from Professor Edmond Awad on the ‘Moral Machine’, Professor Susan Molyneux-Hodgson discussing responsible innovation and technical democracy and Professor Sarah Hartley on moving from public acceptance to knowledge co-production.
This session will focus on:
- What ‘public acceptance’ means, and key challenges consortia face around public trust and acceptance of new technologies in the context of the Future of Flight
- Research areas and approaches to understanding barriers of public trust and acceptance of future of flight challenge proposals
- Potential Tools for public engagement and data collection, drawing a picture on the public perception of ethical implications, trust, and responsibility
- Areas such as the Ethics of Technology; Responsible Innovation; Interdisciplinary collaboration; Public Engagement and Computational Social Science
The FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot: An All-Encompassing Gold Open Access Fu...OpenAIRE
A year into the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot, this presentation delivered at the LIBER Annual Conference 2016 in Helsinki shows the current progress of this funding initiative. This Gold OA Pilot has currently two funding worklines, a main one for APC/BPC payments for post-grant manuscripts arising from finished FP7 projects and an alternative funding mechanism for supporting APC-free OA journals and platforms. Detailed figures are provided for the APC payments made so far, together with a number of findings the initiative has already come upon.
A-Frame is a WebVR framework for developers to make their VR content rapidly. It is based on Entity-Component system. So, it could bring us flexibility and usability for developing.
The DiNAR Project: Meaningful Mixed Reality for Heritage - Gareth BealeMuseums Computer Group
Gareth Beale, researcher at Centre for Digital Heritage/Digital Creativity Labs (University of York), presents 'The DiNAR Project: Meaningful Mixed Reality for Heritage' at the Museum Computer Group (MCG) Spring Event 2016 - 'Life with Digital Projects' #MCGProjects
WG RDA/WDS Publishing Data Workflows - P6 meeting session - 10 minute presentation on BioSharing and how it can help researchers, journal editors, funders, standard developers and database curators make sense of the sea of standards and databases in the life sciences.
[3.8] Archiving and Publishing in Practice Event Logs - Joos Buijs [3TU.Datac...3TU.Datacentrum
3TU.Datacentrum Symposium Research Data Management:
Funder requirements, Questions and Solutions
At this symposium the funding organisation NWO and the European Commission explained their vision, plans and requirements. Researchers from the three universities of technology shared their experiences of data management in different stages of research. And the Research Data Services team informed the audience about research data management services offered by 3TU.Datacentrum.
The 3TU.Datacentrum symposium took place at the TU Delft (26 May), University of Twente (2 June) and TU Eindhoven (11 June) for and with local researchers.
More information on: datacentrum.3tu.nl/over-3tudatacentrum/symposium-2014
Summary slides from my recent short presentation at Interrogating Infrastructure: A Symposium Hosted by King’s Digital Lab and the Department of Digital Humanities, King’s College London, July 8th, 2016
As service providers and primary code contributors in the Islandora Community, discoverygarden encounters customers who are ingesting, accessing, and storing high volumes of data. For example, a customer who had 150,000 objects in 2012 now has three million objects and expectations to grow to five million in the very short term. This is increasingly common.
As repositories grow in size they can encounter poor performance, particularly during large ingests and derivative generation. To accommodate growing repositories caching mechanisms, infrastructure changes, and code updates are necessary.
The presentation will explore customer case studies that demonstrate interim solutions and the extensive, ongoing research and development to find long-term solutions.
Imperial College London - journey to open scholarshipTorsten Reimer
Talk given at the 2016 Open Repositories conference in Dublin, Ireland. This paper follows the journey of a research intensive university towards making its outputs available openly, discusses approaches outlined above and identifies problems in the global scholarly communications landscape.
ePADD and Access -- Society of American Archivists (SAA) Annual Meeting, 2015Josh Schneider
Presentation delivered at the Society of American Archivists (SAA) Annual Meeting, 2015, in a session titled "Out of the Frying Pan and into the Reading Room: Approaches to Serving Electronic Records."
ePADD is a software package developed by Stanford University's Special Collections & University Archives that supports archival processes around the appraisal, ingest, processing, discovery, and delivery of email archives. More information, including links to the software, user guide, and community forums, can be found at https://library.stanford.edu/projects/epadd.
Speaker: Williams Nwagwu, CODESRIA
Presentation at the Eldis 20th Anniversary event "Learning from 20 years of digital knowledge sharing for global development" held at IDS on Thursday 15 September 2016 and Friday 16 September 2016.
A video of this presentation is available at:
https://youtu.be/pATTGCPD84k
Information Competencies: A Bridge to Narrow the North-South Knowledge GapsJesus Lau
Mortenson Distinguished Lecture
Mortenson Center for International Library Programs
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois, USA
September 23, 2003
Presentation at 2013 World Summit on the Information Society multistakeholder review event (WSIS+10)
UNESCO, Paris, 25-27 February 2013
ISSC Session: Critical Social Sciences in the Digital Age
Creative Commons Workshop for FAIFE, Bloemfontein 2009:Eve Gray
A presentation on Creative Commons licences for a workshop of the Committee on Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE) at the annual conference of the Library Association of South Africa (LIASA), September 2009.
African Leadership in ICT and Knowledge Societies: Issues, Tensions and Oppor...Wesley Schwalje
Our work on knowledge-based economies and skill formation is cited in this report by GESCI, established by the United Nations ICT Task, and funded by Irish Aid, Sida, SDC, and Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Speaking of our institutionalist approach, the report states “There is a demand for profound rethinking of the role of education and training systems and constituent actors inclusive of leadership actors to adapt and respond to skill demands of employers, technological progress and macro trends for knowledge-based socio-economic development (Schwalje, 2011).”
A traveller through a country would stop at a village and he didn\'t have to ask for food or for water. Once he stops, the people give him food, entertain him. That is one aspect of Ubuntu but it will have various aspects. Ubuntu does not mean that people should not address themselves. The question therefore is: Are you going to do so in order to enable the community around you to be able to improve?
Building Dialogical Collections and ScholarshipSharon Leon
A talk for AHA 2016 about bringing the public history methods of dialogue and collaboration to digital history scholarship in the academic research realm
As children we learn how to share with others and in the words of Darwin "In the long history of humankind (and animal kind too) those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed". Through the ubiquitous adoption of the internet there has been an exponential growth of information shared. The use of digital technologies such as social networking tools and smart devices have enabled individuals to connect, communicate, curate, collaborate and create. An array of user-generated multimedia artefacts are now shared that can be discussed, debated and critiqued. As educators it is through knowledge sharing and socially mediated interactions that we can make a difference. However it is not simply the giving or receiving of information, but about the new co-learning opportunities we can make (Rheingold); the ability to develop new capacities for action and change (Grey); and how we create knowledge and leverage it (Wenger). My keynote presentation will consider the concept of shareology and connectedness through social media and the value of working out loud.
This is the presentation of my preliminary proposal to be given at Rutgers University on October 30, 2009 in the School of Communication and Information (SC&I).
Similar to Laura Czerniewicz Open Repositories Conference 2016 Dublin (20)
Czerniewicz MOOCs OER Networked Learning Conference 2016Laura Czerniewicz
Paper and presentation at Networked Learning Conference 9 - 11 May May Lancaster, 2016. Paper at http://www.networkedlearningconference.org.uk/abstracts/pdf/P26.pdf
Blind Monks and the Elephant - ICTs and Higher Education FuturesLaura Czerniewicz
A presentation at the Council for Higher Education's Colloquium on Moving the Teaching and Learning System in South African Higher Education into the Digitally Mediated Era, 15 October 2014
A framework for analysing research types and practicesLaura Czerniewicz
A presentation at Networked Learning Conference Edinburgh 2014
Full paper Czerniewicz, L; Kell, C; Willmers, M; King, T (2014), “Changing Research Communication Practices and Open Scholarship: A Framework for Analysis”, available http://openuct.uct.ac.za/article/scap-outputs-changing-research-communication-practices
Czerniewicz disaggregation in teaching and learning explanations & implicationsLaura Czerniewicz
Presentation of keynote at 8th International E-learning Conference, June 2013, about the changing nature of teaching and learning in higher education, and its implications
Paper and presentation on research of students' habitus and technology practices, a case study of a rural student. Paper included as notes under each slide.Presented at HELTASA November 2012.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. THIS TALK
o General inequalities of knowledge
production & dissemination
o The emerging complexities of the digital
o Two cases of discoverability & visibility
A view from the global south, a marginal perspective
9. “The global economy is a dynamic and
often turbulent affair. It doesn’t produce a
simple dichotomy. It does produce
massive structures of centrality and
marginality, whose main axis is the
metropole-periphery, North-South
relationship.“
(Connell 2007, 2014)
10. INEQUALITIES ACROSS AND WITHIN
Hout Bay and Imizamo Yethu in Cape Town, South Africa in 2016
http://www.unequalscenes.com/hout-bay-imizamo-yethu
13. 1.53 % of GDP
1.96 % of GDP2.76 % of GDP
0.73 % of GDP
FUNDING
Gross domestic spending on R & D (2012)
figureshttps://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm
14. IT’S MORE THAN THE MONEY
What counts?
Reward systems
Legitimacy
Gatekeeping
16. TYPES OF RESEARCH
o Different types of research
• Different genres
• Different audiences
o A typology of research types
• Discovery – traditional empirical, generalizable explanations or theories
• Interpretive - interpretation of phenomena not search for generalizable explanations
• Applied – applied enquiry, problem solving, may include consultancy
• Integrative – use-inspired basic research
• Teaching and Learning – scholarship of T&L
(Kell and Czerniewicz 2016; Czerniewicz and Kell 2014)
17. REWARD SYSTEMS
o In South Africa the national department of
education (DHET) gives universities +/-
$13000 for every article published in
• The Sciences Citation Index of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI)
• The Social Sciences Citation Index of the ISI
• The Arts and Humanities Citation Index of the ISI
• The International Bibliography of Social Sciences (IBSS)
• A list of approved South African Journals
o The majority of SA universities give a %
directly to the authors
18. CITATIONS
o Valorisation of citation counts in
academia
• Citations used for promotion
• Measure of reputation
o Citations have their uneven
geographies
• Citing those from the global north
• Keeping the networks closed
o Altmetrics’ slow acceptance
19. ACCESSIBILITY
o Research is generally not easily
accessible to those in the South
• works that are more easily found will
likely be more frequently cited
• 54% of respondents in SARUA universities said
research output exists; of these 90% said that
ready accessibility is hampered
• Budget cuts in library subscriptions
(Abrahams et al 2008)
22. WHO GETS PUBLISHED
o Of the articles published in international
peer-reviewed journals
• USA academics 30%
• Developing country academics 20%
• of which half from China, India, Brazil, Turkey,
Mexico
• Sub Saharan Africa 1% of total
(Hassan 2008)
23. A CASE IN POINT
Authorship per country AMJ, AMR, ASQ and JIBS (2006-2010),
Four high impact social science journals
(Hamann, 2012)
25. o At the same time Northern authors publish
about the South
• A study of 2 top African studies journals
1993 - 2013 found
• the percentage of articles by Africa-based
authors has declined
• not lower submission rates from Africa but low
and declining acceptance rates
• Africa-based scholars are systematically cited
less than others
(Briggs and Weathers, 2016)
26. WHO DECIDES?
“We editors seek a global status for our journals, but we
shut out the experiences and practices of those living in
poverty by our (unconscious) neglect. One group is
advantaged while the other is marginalised.”
Richard Horton, editor of The Lancet
Chan,2012,/www.slideshare.net/lesliechan/remapping-the-local-and-the-global
In short, international = global north
27. WHY THIS MATTERS
o Local knowledge
• Needs to be available to others in similar
conditions
• Is a necessary and often missing
contribution to global knowledge
o A plurality of knowledge/s is good for
science
• A knowledge production & dissemination
system that sidelines three quarters of the
world is bad for everyone
28. “African scholars face a critical choice between
sacrificing relevance for recognition, or
recognition for relevance”
(Nyamnjoh 2010)
30. The internet changed the nature of networks by
making them more inclusive and easy to
participate in
(Castells 1996)
31. (Lessig, 2003)
For the first time in a
millennium, we have a
technology to equalise the
opportunity that people
have to access and
participate in the
construction of knowledge
and culture, regardless of
their geographical placing.
33. Conceptualisation
Data collection
Data analysis
Findings
Engagement
Translation
Protocols
Literature reviews
BibliographiesProposals
Data sets
Conference papers
Audio records
Images
Recorded interviews
Books
Reports
Journal articles Technical papers
Notes
Presentations
Lectures
Interviews
Shared and shareable
e.g. social bookmarking,
Dynamic multimodal
versions
The rise of rich media
Data
Open
linked, curated,
shareable Metadata
Multiple modes
The “enhanced publication”
multimodal, hyperlinked
Open access mainstream
Emergence of the “megajournal”
New forms
Modes- visual & audio
lectures
New genres - ebooks,
open education resources
Changing, extending
audiences
(e.g. life long learners, global
reach)
Two way process
(e.g. citizen science)
Access
to all types of resources
New measures of impact
Altmetrics- use,
downloads, bookmarking
etc
Open processes
Increased visibility
Increased collaboration
Earlier access
Open science
Changing Scholarship
(Czerniewicz, 2013)
34. New opportunities to
collapse distance
enable easier cross-country collaborations
create possibilities for knowledge production & sharing
36. o Each stage can be analysed in terms of:
• Social relations – power relations, networks &
relationships
• Audiences – forms of scholar-to-scholar, scholar-
to- student and scholar-to-community
communication
• Forms – genres, platforms and modes (eg
linguistic, visual, aural and multimodal)
(Czerniewicz & Kell 2014; Kell and Czerniewicz 2016)
37. There is a danger that the
information revolution could
exacerbate sociospatial
segregation
(Castells, 1998)
and create ‘dual cities’ of
inhabitants that occupy vastly
different spheres of knowledge.
44. AFFORDABILITY: IT’S THE DATA, NOT THE DEVICE
o Affordability (5% monthly income)
• Entry level -100MB; maturing – 500MB; connected -2GB
• In Sub-Saharan Africa, 53% could afford access of only
20 MB, (enough for SMS & email)
https://fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/state-of-connectivity_3.pdf
45. The new currency: discoverability
If it is not online, it does not exist
If it can’t be found, it does not exist
Visibility is a requirement for participation
46. Why this matters
What is found online shapes what comes to be known
“Visibility and invisibility in material space are
increasingly being defined by prominence, ranking,
and presence on the Internet”
(Graham and Zook 2011)
47. SEARCH ENGINES
o The primary way that content is found
• By academics in all disciplines
• By NGOs
• By students
• BY professionals
(De Groote et al 2014, Catalano 2013, de Satgé, 2012, Waller 2011)
48. SEARCH ENGINES
o Co-producers of knowledge
o Surrogate experts
o Play a role as “switchers’ between
networks
o Engine’s social relations invisible
• Seem naturalised and normal
o Not neutral
• Reflect societal disparities
• Shaped by algorithms
(Halavais 2013; Van Dijck 2010, Rogers, 2009)
50. ALGORITHMS
o Page ranking
• “collective intelligence”
o Location
• Internet Protocol (IP) address provides country,
region, city, postal code, latitude and longitude,
time zone
o Social media
• Includes social media, eg Facebook likes and
Google +
o Personalization
• individual personalization, previously visited sites
• profile personalization, matches users with other
users with similar browsing histories
51. ALGORITHMS
o Shape what is found through
• prioritising, classifying, associating and
filtering information
o Mediate
o Create
filter bubbles
http://twiki.org/p/pub/Blog/BlogEntry201207x2/google-globe-search-3d.png
52. Browsers per country 2016
http://gs.statcounter.com/#all-browser-ww-monthly-201602-201602-map
60. THE INVESTIGATION
o Premises
• Poverty and inequality taken seriously in South
Africa, & beyond
• A great deal of work including academic
research being undertaken
• The outputs of this work important to many:
government, academia, civil society
• Access to information (data/knowledge) critical
to undertake work & address issues
(Czerniewicz & Wiens 2013)
61. THE INVESTIGATION
o How findable is the research & work on
poverty alleviation?
o What is found?
• Where the results come from and the extent to which South
African results appeared in the searches
• Which South African organisations / individuals appeared
• The rankings of the results, and similarities and differences
between the rankings
• The similarities and differences between Google and Google
Scholar results
64. FINDINGS
o Google search “poverty alleviation”
• No South African results
• The 3 South African participants' had no
localised SA based results.
o Google Scholar “poverty alleviation”
• One searcher had one SA result
66. WIKIPEDIA
o In academia
• Widely used by the general public, researchers
and students
• Wikipedia’s citation rates in scholarly publications
consistently increasing
• Papers & authors mentioned on Wikipedia have
higher academic impact
o In developing countries
• Wikipedia zero rating in 12+ developing
countries – better access
(Soules 2015; Shuai et al 2013; Casebourne et al 2012; Park, 2011; Okoli et al 2010; Eijkman, 2010 Lewandowski 2010; Giles 2005)
67. One result in both
Google “poverty alleviation South Africa” and
Google Scholar “poverty alleviation South Africa”
68. 65% referrals to the repository link through search engines
Among the top 10 search results was one which led to Wikipedia, which
then led to the article itself
Downloaded 2,356 times
69. Online access to single
article for 24 hours at a
cost of USD31.50
70. o Google Scholar Poverty Alleviation South Africa
• High % published in South Africa
• Many had “South Africa” in the title
• Two of the top 5 results from repositories
o Of the South African results
• Many from 7 universities, all of which were full text
• 8 of the 9 journals which appeared in the results
were “green” journals allowing self- archiving
71. CASE 2: CLIMATE CHANGE
A shared global problem
CC-BYhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/ojbyrne/2167696800
74. o Climate change
• Consequences matter world wide
• A new disciplinary field, scholarly
communication practices not yet
entrenched
• Different strategies promoted by
researchers from the North (mitigation) and
the South (adaptation)
• The ability to set research agendas critical
• Do new ICT-practices help do this?
75. o Analysis climate change publications
1980 – 2013:
• USA dominance of the field
• Other countries from the Global North
consistently in top 7
• Canada, Germany, England and France
• Major shift China’s rise to 2nd place in 2013
• South Africa fallen from 15th place to 24th
(Collyer, 2015)
76. An investigation into one climate change
research group (CCRG)
From the outside in and the inside out
Has their involvement helped to redraw
structurally embedded patterns of power, voice
and representation?
(Czerniewicz et al 2016)
77. THE INVESTIGATION
o Outside in
• Searching on Google Scholar
• Climate change
• Climate change South Africa
o Inside out
• Mapping the climate change group’s
online presence
• Interviews
79. o Searching for “climate change” (no South
Africa)
• Results largely uniform
• 83% same findings and rankings
• Authors found largely US and UK
• No results from South Africa, Africa or any
other developing countries
80. o Item ranked Number 1
• Cited 4337 x
• Google Scholar 1st results always highly
cited, hence ongoing cycle
• Is a multi-author paper
• Known to be linked to more citations
• Copies appear in 5 web locations, 3
being repositories
(Office of the Chief Scientist 2012; Smart & Bayer 1986)
81. o Genres
• largely technical reports
• only two (different) journals
• technical reports are an acceptable form
of research output in the climate change
field
• Google Scholar indexes “the sources that
scholars believe to be scholarly”.
(Levy 2014)
82. SEARCHING FOR
CLIMATE CHANGE SOUTH AFRICA
o Largely uniform results, 2 sequences
o Number 1 ranked result
• Nature
• Cited 4000+ times
• Appears online in 24 sites
83. “CLIMATE CHANGE SOUTH AFRICA”
o Number 1 ranked result
• South African Journal of Science
o Searching techniques matter!
85. Editorial oversight of publications for 10 ten results in
Google Scholar searches
“climate change South Africa”
GATEKEEPING
86. GATEKEEPING
Editorial oversight : countries by HDI
(Human Development Index)
(Northern and Southern researchers favour different strategies, different research agendas)
88. o CCRG researchers’ views
• Online presence takes time, money and
expertise
• Hard choices regarding how to use limited
resources
• Tensions between what makes a
contribution, what is academically
rewarded, what brings in funds
INSIDE OUT: CCRG ONLINE PRESENCE
89. o New opportunities and old reward systems
I want the visibility and impact of our work.
I have slaved over the research and the research report might
just gather dust on a shelf, no-one will ever read it. I believe
that the traditional metrics are limited …
I know that our research reports are not captured in those
systems. There are other people who look at research
differently.
I think things can still change.
o The consequences of online invisibility
So many Southern voices get lost so we have no choice but to listen
to the North because there is no alternative
91. In knowledge creation and dissemination
The online adds major complexities to the
abiding global inequalities of power and
resources
Open scholarship is only meaningful if
everyone can both access and participate
93. Active Open Source software developers
per thousand internet users
Study of 1.3million registered developers in SourceForge
(Van Engelhardt,S; et al 2010)
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Editor's Notes
figures https://data.oecd.org/rd/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm
By 2014 China 2.05 and Ireland 1.52