Desalination, the process of removing salts from seawater.
To overcome the water scarcity different desalination processes are used over the word.Some the most common methods are described in it.
Prepared by:
- Esraa Hussein 14104622
- Ayman Mohamed 14105247
What is desalination?
Why desalination?
Types of desalination.
Steps of desalination.
Desalination in Saudi Arabia.
Problems.
Research and development.
Desalination, the process of removing salts from seawater.
To overcome the water scarcity different desalination processes are used over the word.Some the most common methods are described in it.
Prepared by:
- Esraa Hussein 14104622
- Ayman Mohamed 14105247
What is desalination?
Why desalination?
Types of desalination.
Steps of desalination.
Desalination in Saudi Arabia.
Problems.
Research and development.
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Desalination can be defined as any process that removes salts from water. Desalination processes may be used in municipal, industrial, or commercial applications. With improvements in technology. Today there are two main types of desalination technologies – membrane (RO) and thermal (MED, MVC and MSF) desalination.
The presentation provides a brief background on phosphorus, introduces phosphates, gives examples of forms of phosphates. It further describes how to test for the forms of phosphates as well as how to regulate water phosphate level. It ends with some basic facts "Did you know".
Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydro-Electric Dams in Chamba District o...Hasrat Arjjumend
Having 4300 large dams already constructed and many more in pipeline, India is one of world's most prolific dam-builders. Large dams in India are estimated to have submerged about 37500 km2 land area and displaced tens of millions of people. Himachal Pradesh is proceeding towards power-surplus state and there are as many as 401 projects of different magnitude in different stages of installation on 5 river basins of the state i.e. Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Yamuna. State has identified its hydropower generation potential at 23,000 MW. The ecological devastation caused by various projects at lower altitudes of Himachal Pradesh has been alarming; while the prospect of what will happen to the fragile alpine ecosystem is frightening. These projects will change the microclimate that will result in accelerated melting of the snow and glaciers at high altitudes. Like other river basins of the state, hydro-electric power generation in Chamba district was started in 1980s, with 117 mini & micro power projects in different stages of execution at present. Having the special focus on Hul projects the present paper explores the impacts of various dams on environment and local people in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. About 6000 local people are being affected by Hul-I project only. The consequences to nature and wildlife will also prove disastrous. As of now, the wildlife such as deer, bear, goat, tiger and peacock do not enter the fields of farmers. Deforestation and soil erosion are even more devastating. Making the situation even more absurd is that the benefits of these power plants do not go to the community suffering the consequences. Gujjar and Gaddi tribes in the state of Himachal Pradesh have been agitating against 4.5 MW hydropower plant from diverting the entire flow of the Hul stream, on which their lives depend. These communities have for more than two decades protected and preserved the forests from which Hul stream originates. The project’s pipeline is said to destroy about 2000 of slow-growing oak trees. Livelihood and social impacts of poorly planned mini-hydel projects can be thus devastating, as exemplified in this case.
must watch this power point presentation because of we all the west the water in many tips but really we need save the water.at least i say it is not only Indian problem but the all over world problem at today.
This Presentation covers the introduction of EIA, nuclear power plant with its advantages and disadvantages, nuclear fission and fusion reaction and the detailed portion of the nuclear power plant of Karachi, Pakistan.
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Desalination can be defined as any process that removes salts from water. Desalination processes may be used in municipal, industrial, or commercial applications. With improvements in technology. Today there are two main types of desalination technologies – membrane (RO) and thermal (MED, MVC and MSF) desalination.
The presentation provides a brief background on phosphorus, introduces phosphates, gives examples of forms of phosphates. It further describes how to test for the forms of phosphates as well as how to regulate water phosphate level. It ends with some basic facts "Did you know".
Environmental and Social Impacts of Hydro-Electric Dams in Chamba District o...Hasrat Arjjumend
Having 4300 large dams already constructed and many more in pipeline, India is one of world's most prolific dam-builders. Large dams in India are estimated to have submerged about 37500 km2 land area and displaced tens of millions of people. Himachal Pradesh is proceeding towards power-surplus state and there are as many as 401 projects of different magnitude in different stages of installation on 5 river basins of the state i.e. Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Yamuna. State has identified its hydropower generation potential at 23,000 MW. The ecological devastation caused by various projects at lower altitudes of Himachal Pradesh has been alarming; while the prospect of what will happen to the fragile alpine ecosystem is frightening. These projects will change the microclimate that will result in accelerated melting of the snow and glaciers at high altitudes. Like other river basins of the state, hydro-electric power generation in Chamba district was started in 1980s, with 117 mini & micro power projects in different stages of execution at present. Having the special focus on Hul projects the present paper explores the impacts of various dams on environment and local people in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. About 6000 local people are being affected by Hul-I project only. The consequences to nature and wildlife will also prove disastrous. As of now, the wildlife such as deer, bear, goat, tiger and peacock do not enter the fields of farmers. Deforestation and soil erosion are even more devastating. Making the situation even more absurd is that the benefits of these power plants do not go to the community suffering the consequences. Gujjar and Gaddi tribes in the state of Himachal Pradesh have been agitating against 4.5 MW hydropower plant from diverting the entire flow of the Hul stream, on which their lives depend. These communities have for more than two decades protected and preserved the forests from which Hul stream originates. The project’s pipeline is said to destroy about 2000 of slow-growing oak trees. Livelihood and social impacts of poorly planned mini-hydel projects can be thus devastating, as exemplified in this case.
must watch this power point presentation because of we all the west the water in many tips but really we need save the water.at least i say it is not only Indian problem but the all over world problem at today.
This Presentation covers the introduction of EIA, nuclear power plant with its advantages and disadvantages, nuclear fission and fusion reaction and the detailed portion of the nuclear power plant of Karachi, Pakistan.
CCU & les nouvelles molécules de la transition énergétique | 2 février 2021Cluster TWEED
Webinaire organisé par le pôle Greenwin et le cluster TWEED, lié aux nouvelles technologies émergentes du secteur énergétique, aux derniers développements au niveau du captage, du stockage et de la valorisation du CO2 (CCUS), ainsi qu'au rôle des nouvelles molécules de la transition énergétique.
* Emerging Sustainable Technologies - Elodie Lecadre, Engie Research, Lead Scientific Advisor
* CCU & Molecules - Jan Mertens, Engie Research, Chief Science Officer (En)
* Rationals behind CCUS and Direct Air Capture - Grégoire Leonard, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Liège
* CCU & heavy process industries - Jean-Yves Tilquin, Carmeuse, Group R&D Director & Vice-President CO2 Value Europe
E2S2 2011 Renewable Energy Lessons LearnedJeffrey Riegle
With the latest executive orders, legislation, and public pressure, the military has turned to renewable energy as a way to use old ideas, and utilize new technologies to meet their goals. The Department of Defense (DoD) has funded several projects that have advanced the knowledge of renewable energy, such as solar, waste to energy, and ground source heat pumps, and how it can be applied in many locations.
This presentation will talk about how Tucson Air National Guard Base in Arizona, was able to determine not only how to produce as much energy as they used, but also to produce enough solar energy to become an energy island. The presentation will also discuss the challenges and lessons inherent in constructing these solar energy generation systems, much like the ones currently installed at Buckley AFB, CO and Colorado State University.
Also, the presentation will discuss the ongoing feasibility study at Kadena AB in Japan, for a waste to energy plant. This case study will talk about the needed materials, information, and demands that make such an endeavor attractive. The presentation will also discuss some of the helpful by-products that come with this technology. The feasibility study looked at digestion, incineration, and plasma arc technologies to determine which was the best for the location. Lessons learned from the Hurlburt Waste to Energy plant were used, and will be discussed, as well.
Finally, the DoD has seen an explosion in Ground Source Heat Pump Installations over the past few years. The presentation will discuss where this technology is best suited, lessons learned from construction, and talk about specific challenges for case studies at Cannon AFB, NM; Minot AFB, ND; Altus AFB, TX; Sheppard AFB, TX; and Vance AFB, OK.
This presentation is a “must-see" for anyone interested in cost-effective renewable energy at their location.
Desalination technology; economy and simplicityIJERA Editor
Water scarcity is a major problem, a seawater desalination process separates saline seawater into two streams: a fresh water stream containing a low concentration of dissolved salts and a concentrated brine stream Applied desalination technologies can be divided in to three groups, thermal desalination technologies, membrane based desalination technologies,and solar desalination technologies. Results show that solar energy coupled to desalination offers a promising prospect for covering the fundamental needs of power and water in remote regions such as grid-limited villages or isolated islands that have access to sea or brackish-water. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) desalination units are the most favorable alternatives to be coupled with photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Master Thesis Final Project Presentation.
Title: Microalgae growth and biomass-to-synthetic natural gas conversion through hydrothermal gasification: dynamic modeling of cultivation phase in open pond and closed reactor
Science Vale UK energy event renewable energy technology - solarScience Vale UK
The Energy of Science Vale UK - 26 May 2011. Solar Renewable Energy Technology presentation by Nicholas Harrison (Imperial College, London). More details at www.sciencevale.com
School project on sustainable development for the bilingual section of Technology at the IES Praia Barraña school in Boiro, Galicia, Spain. March, 2016.
Similar to Seawater desalination – Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Best Available Techniques (BAT) (20)
"היבטי הסביבה הימית בהתפלת מי ים –
האם אנחנו יודעים ומישמים לקחים מהקמת מתקני התפלה עד כה?"
דר' רותי יהל, אקולוגית ימית, חטיבת מדע, רשות הטבע והגנים
הרצאה ביום עיון צלול 25.4.10
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
3. Lattemann and Höpner (2009), primary datafrom IDA (2007). Map includes all plants that presumed online or in construction and all sites and a capacity with am3/day. > 1,000 m3/day.
Lattemann & Höpner (2009), primary data from IDA (2007). Map includes all plants that are are presumed online or in construction with all sites > 1,000 capacity
14. Desalination using renewable energy
no large desalination plant directly driven by RE,
only used as a compensation measure
mostly small stand-alone systems directly driven by RE:
Solar energy Wind / Tidal
Solar
still Heat (collector) Radiation (PV) Mechanical (turbine)
Non-concentrating Concentrating
- flat plate or tube design - parabolic trough / dish
for domestic purposes - flat mirrors (Fresnel)
- power tower
Electricity
MD MED MSF ED RO
TVC
15. Concentrating solar thermal collectors
Parabolic system
Trough Dish
Linear receivers Point receivers
Planar mirrors
Fresnel Tower
16. National Initiative for Solar Desalination
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh:
Initial phase (3 years):
• Energy: 10 MW produced by solar energy
• Water: 30,000 m3/d in Al Khafji
Second phase (3 years):
• building a 300,000 m3/d solar-powered desalination plant
Third phase (3 years):
• implementation of solar desalination plants
in several parts of the country
20. Whole effluent toxicity tests
SWRO Plant Species No. of species Species protection
protection used in trigger value
level WET tests (safe dilution ratio)
Gold Coast 95% * 6 species 9:1
Perth 95% * 5 species 12 : 1
Sydney 95% * 5 species 30 : 1
Olympic Dam 99%** 15 species 45 : 1
Ecosystems: * slightly to moderately disturbed
** high conservation value
0.7 psu above ambient in
300 m in 90% of time
1100 m in 99% of time
24. Sustainable projects | green technologies
UNEP Guidance on internationally accepted
EIA for desalination BAT standards for desalination
projects (2008) plants are still missing
www.unep.org.bh/ U.S. EPA announced new
Publications/ rulemaking on drinking water
Type7.asp treatment effluents including
“facilities that discharge […]
Extensive EIA and monitoring desalination concentrates […]”
studies in progress for several
desalination projects worldwide
25. Conclusions
Resource-intensive process with significant impacts
need for project- and site-specific EIA studies
need for technology standards (BAT)
Mitigation measures exist for all significant impacts
sustainable desalination is technically feasible,
even with existing technologies
three examples
26. Mitigating energy use & GHG emissions
Minimization:
• energy use minimized to reduce costs in most projects
by using state of the art technology
Compensation:
of energy use if considered significant environmental impact
• most countries entered an international agreement
to reduce GHGs (Kyoto Protocol)!
• Australia:
all SWRO projects use indirect renewable energy
• Carlsbad project, Southern California:
Climate Action Plan at an estimated
US$ 76 million imposed on the project
27. Mitigating salinity impacts
Regulatory mixing zones:
• define the spatial & temporal distribution limit
of the concentrate plume
Whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests:
• determine the safe dilution ratio of the concentrate
• to be met at the edge of the regulatory mixing zone
Modeling studies:
• determine the best diffuser location and design
to achieve the safe dilution ratio
Field monitoring studies
• to detect possible ecological impacts using a
before-after, control-impact (BACI) approach
28. Mitigating chemical use
Treatment:
of all intermittent wastes
• pretreatment backwash (media filters, UF/MF)
• cleaning solutions (SWRO, UF/MF membranes)
Substitution:
of harmful chemicals where possible
• Tampa Bay (Florida), London (UK), Jumeirah (UAE):
chlorine replaced by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) due
to elevated chlorination by product formation
• 2 plants in the Middle East:
offline use of DBNPA (U.S. EPA approved biocide) to
control regrowth of biofouling organisms
29. Conclusions
Resource-intensive process with significant impacts
need for project- and site-specific EIA studies
need for technology standards (BAT)
Mitigation measures exist for all significant impacts
sustainable desalination is technically feasible,
even with existing technologies
Compensation measures, advanced technology, and
extensive environmental studies increase water costs
BUT: sustainable desalination is still economically viable