This document presents the results of an experiment investigating the use of laterite as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength were tested at curing ages of 3, 7, and 28 days for concrete mixtures with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% laterite replacements. The results show that compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength generally increase up to a 10% laterite replacement, before decreasing with further increases in the laterite replacement ratio.

4. Laterite Bed in Kallgundi, Suliya, Manglore

6. dispersants
concrete
Conplast SP-430

27. Sieve
size
(mm)
Mass
Retained
Corrected
mass
Retained
Percentage
Retained
Cumulative
percentage
retained
Fineness
Modulus
Grading zone
Standard as
per
IS 383-2007
4.75 0.044 43.052 4.30 04.31 95.69 100
2.36 0.236 230.92 23.09 27.40 72.59 90-100
1.18 0.228 223.10 22.31 49.72 50.28 60-95
0.6 0.227 222.13 22.21 71.93 28.07 30-70
0.3 0.161 157.34 15.73 87.67 12.33 15-34
0.15 0.091 89.041 8.90 96.57 3.43 5-20
Receiver 0.035 34.247 3.42 100.00 - 0-10

28. MATERIALS VALUE
COARSE AGGREGATE 2.611
M-SAND 2.41
LATERITE 2.656
CEMENT 3.105

29. MATERIALS
WATER
ABSORPTION ( % )
M-SAND 9.6
LATERITE 25.46

30. PROPERTIES RESULT PERMISSIBLE
LIMIT AS PER
IS 8112-1989
FINENESS 2% 0-5 %
NORMAL
CONSISTENCY
31.5% 25-33 %
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
3.105 -

31. SETTING
TIME
A. INITIAL
B. FINAL
150 MINUTE
230 MINUTE
Should not :
Be less than 30 Be
less than 540 min
C.S OF
MORTAR
CUBES:
A. 3 DAYS
B. 7 DAYS
C. 28 DAYS
26.02 N/mm2
38.44 N/mm2
54.46 N/mm2
Should not :
Be less than 23 Mpa
Be less than 33 Mpa
Be less than 43 Mpa

32. Grade of concrete 25 N/mm2
Type of cement OPC 53 grade
Maximum size of aggregate 25 mm
Maximum cement content 240 kg/m3
Maximum W/C ratio 0.6
Workability (slump) 50 mm
Exposure condition Moderate
Method of concreting Manual
Degree of supervision Good
Type of aggregate Angular

33. Specific gravity:
 Cement
 Coarse aggregate
 Fine aggregate
3.105
2.61
2.41
Water absorption:
 Coarse aggregate
 Fine aggregate
0.5
0.1
Free moisture content:
 Coarse aggregate
 Fine aggregate
nil
nil

34. TYPES OF FINE
AGGREGATE ZONE 2
STANDARD DEVIATION 4
CALCULATION:
 Target strength
 Selection of water cement
ratio
 Water content
Cement content
31.6 N/mm2
0.55
186 litres

35. MIX CALCULATION:
 Volume of concrete
 Volume of cement
 Volume of water
 Volume of all in aggregate
 Mass of coarse aggregate
 Mass of fine aggregate
1 m3
0.190 m3
0.186 m3
0.705 m3
1122.398 kg
662.610 kg
MIX PROPORTION :
 Cement
 Fine aggregate
 Coarse aggregate
1
1.959
3.319

38. DAYS 3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
0%
REPLACEMENT
24.44 N/mm2 31.42 N/mm2 48.8 N/mm2
10%
REPLACEMENT
37.64 N/mm2 50.97 N/mm2 63.55 N/mm2
20%
REPLACEMENT
34.80 N/mm2 40.08 N/mm2 54.22 N/mm2
30%
REPLACEMENT
29.77 N/mm2 36.62 N/mm2 48 N/mm2

39. 24.44
37.64
34.8
29.77
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
3-DAYS
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

40. 31.42
50.97
40.08
36.62
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
7-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

41. 48.8
63.55
54.22
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT OF CONCRETE FOR
28-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

42. Graph Representing Compressive Strength of Concrete at Different Ratios of Laterite Replacement

43. Testing of Cubes in Compression Testing Machine

45. DAYS 3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
0%
REPLACEMENT
2.774 N/mm2 3.211 N/mm2 3.706 N/mm2
10%
REPLACEMENT
2.970 N/mm2 3.423 N/mm2 3.820 N/mm2
20%
REPLACEMENT
2.850 N/mm2 3.183 N/mm2 3.635 N/mm2
30%
REPLACEMENT
2.447 N/mm2 2.787 N/mm2 3.027 N/mm2

46. 2.774
2.97
2.85
2.447
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
SPLITTINGTENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
3-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

47. 3.211
3.423
3.183
2.787
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
SPLITTINGTENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
7-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

48. 3.706
3.82
3.635
3.027
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
SPLITTINGTENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
28-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

49. Graph Representing Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete at Different Ratios Of Laterite Replacement

50. Testing of cylinders in Compression testing Machine

52. DAYS 3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
0%
REPLACEMENT
2.610 N/mm2 2.781 N/mm2 4.281 N/mm2
10%
REPLACEMENT
2.901 N/mm2 3.741 N/mm2 4.782 N/mm2
20%
REPLACEMENT
2.730 N/mm2 3.522 N/mm2 4.080 N/mm2
30%
REPLACEMENT
2.502 N/mm2 2.691 N/mm2 3.522 N/mm2

53. 2.61
2.901
2.73
2.502
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
3-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

54. 2.781
3.741
3.522
2.691
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
7-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

55. 4.281
4.782
4.08
3.522
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0% REPLACEMENT 10% REPLACEMENT 20% REPLACEMENT 30% REPLACEMENT
FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR
28-DAY
STRENGTH IN N/mm2

56. Graph Representing Flexural Strength of Concrete at Various Laterite Replacement Ratios

57. Testing Of Beams in Universal Testing Machine

65. Click here to know more