Laser safety
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This document provides information about laser safety for clinical staff. It defines what a laser is, discusses laser classifications from class 1 to 4 based on their hazard level, and describes the types of laser hazards including those for eyes, skin, and from electrical or fire sources. It provides details on laser signage, protective eyewear, key controls, and proper procedural practices like using laser checklists and smoke evacuators. The document also lists some common urological laser procedures and the laser devices and fibers used at the center.
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Surgical scrubbing and gowning is done to reduce bacteria on hands and forearms to a safe level before surgery. The document outlines the scrubbing process which involves removing jewelry, trimming nails, and washing hands and forearms with antimicrobial soap. It describes scrubbing in a timed or counted strokes method for 5 minutes while keeping hands raised. The ideal surgical scrub reduces bacteria, has persistent effects under gloves, and is non-irritating to skin.
Prevention of cross infection
Cross infection usually occurs in hospitals when patients become infected with diseases other than what they were admitted for. It can be transmitted directly from person to person through droplets or indirectly through contaminated objects. To prevent cross infection, hospitals must maintain cleanliness, safe food/water, disinfect medical equipment, and use proper isolation techniques like respiratory, intestinal, and contact isolation. Medical staff must also follow aseptic practices like hand washing, wearing masks and gowns, and disinfecting surfaces.
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Standard safety precautions
Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources.
They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are to be used, as a minimum, in the care of all patients.
Standard safety precautions are the basic infection prevention and control measures necessary to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agent from both unrecognized and unrecognized sources of infection.
The elements of Standard Precautions include:
Hand hygiene.
Use of gloves and other barriers (e.g., mask, eye protection, face shield, gown).
Handling of patient care equipment and linen.
Environmental control.
Prevention of injury from sharps devices, and patient placement.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
Sterilization and disinfection of operation theatres.pptx
This document provides guidelines for sterilization, disinfection, and cleaning protocols in operation theatres. It discusses the purpose of maintaining a clean environment to minimize risks to patients and staff. It outlines the standard precautions and procedures that should be followed, including designating different zones of the operation theatre with varying levels of restrictions. It also describes the processes for preliminary, intraoperative, between procedures, and terminal cleaning. Surveillance methods are discussed to ensure standards of cleaning are maintained.
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basic defintions of laser, fundamentals of laser, types of laser, He-Ne laser,merits and demerits of laser
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This document discusses the basics of lasers, including their main components and properties. It explains that lasers work by inducing population inversion through pumping, allowing for stimulated emission to produce coherent, monochromatic beams of light. The key parts of a laser are its active medium, pumping source, and optical resonator. Examples of different laser types include solid state, gas, liquid/dye, and semiconductor lasers. Lasers have many applications in areas like communication, medicine, manufacturing, and research.
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B.Tech sem I Engineering Physics U-II Chapter 2-LASER
The document discusses lasers and provides details about different types of lasers. It explains that a laser works by stimulating the emission of photons from atoms or molecules that have been excited to a higher energy level. This produces coherent, collimated light. It specifically describes how ruby, helium-neon, and CO2 lasers work, noting that ruby was the first laser invented using a ruby crystal, while helium-neon produces visible light and CO2 produces infrared light. The document also covers laser characteristics, components, and applications.
Introduction to Lasers
Featuring the Laser principles and applications ..... Include figures & representations for more references .....
Laser
The document discusses lasers, including their history, characteristics, components, classifications, and uses. It provides details on:
- The invention of the laser by Maiman in 1960 and its influence as a technological achievement.
- The key characteristics of laser light that make it coherent, directional, and monochromatic.
- The basic components and functioning of a laser, including the active medium, excitation mechanism, and optical resonator.
- The various classes of lasers according to output levels and safety standards.
- Applications of lasers in medicine, industry, everyday life, research, and holography.
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B.Tech sem I Engineering Physics U-II Chapter 2-LASER
B.Tech sem I Engineering Physics U-II Chapter 2-LASER
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Laser safety
- 2. • LASER is an acronym that stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". • Laser light is a form of non-ionizing radiation. • Laser equipment produces and amplifies light that has unique properties that cannot be produced any other way. • The light that it produces is monochromatic - it is composed of one single color at a specific wavelength. What is LASER?
- 3. • The classifications categorize lasers according to their ability to produce damage in exposed people, from class 1 (no hazard during normal use) to class 4 (severe hazard for eyes and skin) • Necessary control measures are determined by these classifications • In the U.S., laser classifications are based on American National Standards Institute’s (ANSI) Z136.1 Safe Use of Lasers Laser Classifications
- 4. The Stone Center Lasers are all Class 4 • The highest and most dangerous class of lasers • Equipped with a key switch and a safety interlock • Can burn the skin, or cause devastating and permanent eye damage as a result of direct, diffuse or indirect beam viewing • May ignite combustible materials, and thus may represent a fire risk LASER Class
- 5. • Laser beam hazards include eye and skin burns which are due to laser beam shining on a person's body. • Non-beam hazards are associated with the laser equipment or the hazardous substances released from the laser equipment, and fumes emitted from materials exposed to laser beams, including laser-plumes produced during surgical procedures. Sources of laser hazards include: • Accidental eye exposure during alignment • Misaligned laser beam • Lack of eye protection • Equipment malfunction • Improper handling of high voltage systems • Use of unfamiliar equipment • Improper restoration of equipment following service LASER Hazards
- 6. • Eye : Acute exposure of the eye to lasers of certain wavelengths and power can cause corneal or retinal burns (or both). Chronic exposure to excessive levels may cause corneal or lenticular opacities (cataracts) or retinal injury. • Skin : Acute exposure to high levels of optical radiation may cause skin burns; while carcinogenesis may occur for ultraviolet wavelengths (290-320 nm). • Chemical : Some lasers require hazardous or toxic substances to operate (i.e., chemical dye, Excimer lasers). • Electrical : Most lasers utilize high voltages that can be lethal. • Fire : The solvents used in dye lasers are flammable. High voltage pulse or flash lamps may cause ignition. Flammable materials may be ignited by direct beams or specular reflections from high power continuous wave (CW) infrared lasers. Type of Hazards
- 7. • During all laser procedure you will see a warning sign posted on the door with extra goggles/glasses for anyone who needs to enter Signage
- 8. • Must be worn by all personnel during the procedure • Patients eyes need to be protected during the procedure • All laser protective eyewear shall be clearly labeled with the optical density and the wavelength for which protection is afforded • Laser protective eyewear shall be inspected for damage prior to use GLL Evolve Eyewear
- 9. GreenLight Laser Evolve Laser Holmium Laser Lasers used at the Center
- 10. • Key must not be left in the switch when the laser system is unattended • Key kept in the specified area Laser key
- 11. • The most common reason for a damaged blast shield is, without a doubt, contamination on the proximal (connector) end of the fiber. If there is enough debris on the face of the fiber when the laser is fired, the debris will absorb the energy and flash or burn. • If you have a damaged blast shield you need to change both the fiber and shield. Blast Shields
- 12. Blast Evolve Fiber Shield Evolve Laser Blast Shield
- 13. Blast Shield Insertion Site Holmium Fiber with Blast Shield Holmium Laser Blast Shield
- 14. • BPH • Bladder Biopsies • Condyloma • Fulguration of bladder tumors • Lithotripsy • Strictures Urological Laser Procedures
- 15. LASER CHECKLIST Date__________________Time:________ RN/RT__________________________ HOLMIUM LASER _______ GLL _______ EVOLVE _______ OTHER_______ Check as completed: All doors closed _______ COVER THE WINDOW (on the door) _______ LASER Warning signs posted on all entrances_______ Protective eye wear for: _______ Staff _______ Patient _______ Urologist _______ Anesthesiologist _______ Other _______ Extra pair hung on outside the door _______ Electrical cord checked for damage _______ LASER Unit _______ Self check done _______ Verify aiming beam _______ Cleave fiber if applicable _______ Foot switch checked for damage _______ Fire Extinguisher ________ Comments_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Laser Checklist
- 16. • Laser foot pedal • Pedal is to be activated only by physician performing procedure – no other foot operated device can be used by the physician! • Laser used correctly • Laser in “Standby” when not in direct use • Physician must communicate “laser on” and “laser standby” with nurse/technician • Laser nurse or technician at control panel for emergency shut down Procedural Practices
- 17. • Smoke evacuator used when lasing produces particulates • Check filter unit before use for capacity • Check alignment of laser prior to use • Set energy setting • Verify “kill” switch works • Complete Medical Record for laser use Procedural Practices, cont’d
- 18. Holmium Laser Fibers -200 -365 (Most Commonly Used) -550 -1000 Evolve Fiber GLL Fiber -Fiber Card Fibers
- 19. Safety First