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- 1. Laser Safety Initial Karen Janiga,MS Radiation Safety Officer Laser Safety Officer Janette De La Rosa Ducut, Ed.D. Training Manager Rick Mannix Laser Safety Officer
- 2. 2 1. Determine laserclasses and components 2. Identify hazards Biological Non-Beam 3. Implement controls Engineering Administrative Work Practice PPE Objectives
- 3. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation 3 Lasers Intenselight that can cause tissue damage, burns, and damage to the eye and skin.
- 4. Ordinary light isincoherent, visible, dispersed, and low powered. 4
- 5. Laser light iscoherent, sometimes invisible, directional, and high powered. 5
- 6.
- 7.
- 8. Lasing Medium Mirror Transparent Pump What doyou think? Which component can be adjusted to control the output power (or energy) of the laser? 8
- 9.
- 10. Lasing Medium Mirror Transparent Pump What doyou think? Which component can be adjusted to control the output power (or energy) of the laser? 10
- 11. Lasing Medium Mirror Transparent Pump Correct. Adjust thepump to control the output power. Which component can be adjusted to control the beam stability? 11
- 12.
- 13. Lasing Medium Mirror Transparent Pump Correct. Adjust thepump to control the output power. Which component can be adjusted to control the beam stability? 13
- 14. Lasing Medium Mirror Transparent Pump Correct. Adjust theoptical resonator to control the beam stability. 14
- 15.
- 16. View OSHA website What doyou think? What type of lasing medium does a Nd:YAG laser use? Gas Pulsed Incoherent Continuous Solid 16
- 17.
- 18. View OSHA website What doyou think? What type of lasing medium does a Nd:YAG laser use? Gas Pulsed Incoherent Continuous Solid 18
- 19. Correct! The Nd:YAG isa solid-state laser. Use appropriate eye protection. Solid 19
- 20. PROPERTIES Allow user toleave interaction: Anytime Show ‘Next Slide’ Button: Show always Completion Button Label: Next Slide
- 21. 21 Gauge risk using classification schemes. ApproachClass 3B and Class 4 lasers as hazardous lasers. Classes
- 23. Skin 23 Injuries Prevent exposure toeyes and skin Biological Effects Eyes XeCl gas excimer Nd:YAG invisible
- 24. 200 nm 280315 400 780 1400 3000 nm Biological Effects UV-C UV-B UV-A Ultraviolet Visible Infrared IR-A IR-B IR-C nm = 1 billionth of a meter 24
- 25. 180 280 315400 700 1400 3000 Biological Effects UV-C UV-B UV-A Ultraviolet Visible Infrared IR-A IR-B IR-C Photokeratisis (200 – 315 nm) Photochemical Cataracts (315 – 400 nm) Thermal retinal injury (315 – 400 nm) Cataracts (750 – 1400 nm) Corneal burn (1400 – 1,000,000 nm) Cornea Lens Retina 25
- 26. 180 280 315400 700 1400 3000 Biological Effects UV-C UV-B UV-A Ultraviolet Visible Infrared IR-A IR-B IR-C Cornea Lens Blue Light Hazards • Do not stare at sun, welding arcs, or blue lamps • Prevent lengthy exposures greater than 10 seconds • Beware of delayed appearance (24-48 hours) Retina Blue Light Photobleaching (400 – 500 nm) 26
- 27. Biological Effects Intrabeam Viewing Specular Reflections Diffuse Reflections Direct viewing FlatSurface (mirror like) ex: plastic, glass Rough Surface (diffusion) ex: table top 27
- 28. Biological Effects Specular Reflections Diffuse Reflections 180 280315 400 700 1400 3000 UV-C UV-B UV-A Ultraviolet Visible Infrared IR-A IR-B IR-C 28 Flat Surface (mirror like) ex: plastic, glass Rough Surface (diffusion) ex: table top
- 29. Blink every ¼ seconds Uselaser eye protection. Do not rely on your blink reflex for protection. 29
- 30. Check for eyeinjury See: Flash and after-image in opposite color OR difficulty detecting blue or green colors Feel: Burning pain on cornea Hear: “Pop” sound Before After Burning Pop Sound Signs and Symptoms Colors 30
- 31. 180 280 315400 700 1400 3000 Biological Effects UV-C UV-B UV-A Ultraviolet Visible Infrared IR-A IR-B IR-C Accelerated Aging Increased Pigmentation (280 – 315 nm) Eurythema and Cancer (200 – 315 nm) Burns and Pigment Darkening (315 – 400 nm) Burns and Photosensitive reactions (400 – 780 nm) 31
- 32. Biological Effects Follow emergency procedures Disablemachine Turn off, unplug, and post sign Seek medical attention Treat minor skin damage with first aid OR transport major skin or any eye injuries to medical facility 32
- 34. Non-Beam Hazards Electrical Chemicals Housekeeping Fire Cryogens Noise Pressure Whatis the leading cause of death related to lasers? What do you think? Burns 34
- 35.
- 36. What is theleading cause of death related to lasers? What do you think? Electrical Chemicals Housekeeping Fire Cryogens Noise Pressure Burns 36
- 37. Prevent injuries anddeath related to electrical shock Electrical Chemicals Housekeeping Fire Cryogens Noise Pressure Burns Correct! 37
- 38.
- 39. Electrical Hazard High voltagerisk • Eliminate contact with high voltage • Arrange for repairs • Lockout / Tagout • Inspect cords and plugs • Ground all equipment • Complete training Non-Beam Hazards 39
- 40. Electrocution Emergency Procedures • Killthe circuit • Call 911 • Use nonconductor to remove victim • Initiate CPR (if trained) Non-Beam Hazards 40
- 41. Chemical (Liquid) Liquid phasedye lasers are carcinogenic or mutagenic • Mix in fume hood • Wear PPE • Use secondary containment • Review MSDS Non-Beam Hazards 41
- 42. Chemical (Gas) Excimers involveuse of toxic fluorine or chlorine gas • Store in ventilated gas cabinets • Use halogen detection and alarm systems or halogen gas scrubbers in rare cases Non-Beam Hazards 42
- 43. Chemical (Gas) Gases generateharmful airborne contaminants • Prevent from inhaling • Ventilate adequately • Use local exhaust systems Non-Beam Hazards 43
- 44. Fires Irradiance greater than10 W/cm2 Improperly ventilated beam enclosures Flammable dyes 44
- 45. Non-Beam Hazards Fire Hazard Explosionsand Radiation • Separate flammables • Construct with fire resistant materials • Keep fire extinguishers nearby • Shield against radiation (X-ray, Plasma, RF, and Microwaves) 45
- 47. Laser Engineering Controls Protective Housing Eliminate exposure Usephysical structures as your first line of defense 1. Protective housing 2. Interlocks 3. Aperture beam blocks 4. Warning lights Interlock Warning Light Beam Block 47
- 48. Engineering Controls Interlock tolaser or shutter Laser curtain at entry Storage of eyewear protection Controlled Access to laser area Warning sign on door Warning light Fire Extinguisher Warning labels on equipment 48
- 49. Use beam attenuators on highpowered lasers: Class 3B Class 4 49
- 51. 51 Minimize risk byobserving policies and requirements Complete training Restrict access Identify hazards with signs & labels Obtain permission Administrative Controls
- 52. 52 DANGER sign High poweredlasers (Class 3B, 3R, 4) Eye damage (permanent) or burn possible. NOTICE sign Alignment, installation, or repair in progress. Injury possible. CAUTION sign Strong lasers (Class 2, 2M) Eye damage possible. Administrative Controls 52
- 53. What do youthink? Which sign indicates presence of a Class 2 laser? 53
- 54.
- 55. What do youthink? Which sign indicates presence of a Class 2 laser? 55
- 56. Correct! Use a CAUTIONsign (yellow) to indicate presence of Class 2 or Class 2M lasers. Low-powered lasers 56
- 57. What do youthink? Which sign indicates that an area is under temporary control for service? 57
- 58.
- 59. What do youthink? Which sign indicates that an area is under temporary control for service? 59
- 60. Correct! Indicate that anarea is under temporary control for service using a NOTICE sign (blue / white). alignment repair 60
- 61. What do youthink? Which sign indicates the presence of a high-powered laser? 61
- 62.
- 63. What do youthink? Which sign indicates the presence of a high-powered laser? 63
- 64. Correct! Use a DANGERsign (red/white) to indicate presence of a high-powered laser. Class 3B Class 4 64
- 65.
- 66.
- 67. Administrative Controls Laser SafetyTraining (every 3 years) First Aid / CPR (recommended) Laser Registration SOP (template) Laser Safety Manual SOP Alignment procedures Training Forms Guidelines 67
- 68. Laser Safety Manual Requirements Readand become familiar with the Laser Safety Manual View online at http://ehs.ucr.edu/laser 68
- 69. Administrative Controls Follow proceduresIsolate laser operations Never leave unattended 69
- 70.
- 71. 71 Implement safe ways of performing yourtasks Work Practices
- 72. What do youthink? When do most injuries occur when working with lasers? During installation During alignment When turning off electricity When turning on electricity 72
- 73. During installation During alignment When turning off electricity Whenturning on electricity Incorrect Incorrect 73
- 74. What do youthink? When do most injuries occur when working with lasers? During installation During alignment When turning off electricity When turning on electricity 74
- 75. Correct! Follow safe workpractices during alignment of lasers During alignment 75
- 76.
- 77.
- 78. What do youthink? What is an example of a safe work practice around an embedded laser? Embedded Laser Ignore safety locks when opening Bypass protective housing for service Wear eye protection Access with a hammer 78
- 79. Incorrect Ignore safety locks whenopening Bypass protective housing for service Wear eye protection Access with a hammer 79
- 80. Embedded Laser Ignore safetylocks when opening Bypass protective housing for service Wear eye protection Access with a hammer What do you think? What is an example of a safe work practice around an embedded laser? 80
- 81. Embedded Laser Correct! Wear eyeprotection appropriate for a high-powered laser when working with embedded lasers. Wear eye protection 81
- 83. 83 PPE The strategy oflast resort. Ensure proper fit and select the correct PPE for the job. Personal Protective Equipment
- 84. PROPERTIES Allow user toleave interaction: Anytime Show ‘Next Slide’ Button: Show always Completion Button Label: Next Slide
- 85. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 85
- 86. Incorrect Safety eyewear thatprotects against chemicals do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. 86
- 87. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 87
- 88. Incorrect Safety eyewear thatprotects against dust do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. Lack of side shields may allow specular or diffuse reflections to damage eyes. 88
- 89. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 89
- 90. Incorrect Safety eyewear thatprotects against impact do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. 90
- 91. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 91
- 92. Incorrect Safety eyewear thatprotects against heat do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. 92
- 93. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 93
- 94. Correct! Use safety eyewearthat protects against optical radiation through neutral density, bandpass, or cut-off lens filters and side shields. Neutral density absorbs and reflects Bandpass transmits weaker light Cut-off blocks light at one end 94
- 95. Eye protection Select basedon wavelength Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Argon (488 nm and 514 nm) KTP (532 nm) Ruby (694 nm) Nd:YAG (1060 nm) 95
- 96. What do youthink? Which will provide minimum protection during use of a solid state Ruby laser (694 nm)? Ruby (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 190 nm – 532 nm 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm 96
- 97. Incorrect The wavelength isgreater than the range. Ruby (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 190 nm – 532 nm Argon (488 nm and 514 nm) KTP (532 nm) 97
- 98. What do youthink? Which will provide minimum protection during use of a solid state Ruby laser (694 nm)? Ruby (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 190 nm – 532 nm 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm 98
- 99. There may bea better answer The wavelength is too weak to use with such a strong pair of laser goggles. Ruby (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm Nd:YAG (1060 nm) 99
- 100. What do youthink? Which will provide minimum protection during use of a solid state Ruby laser (694 nm)? Ruby (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 190 nm – 532 nm 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm 100
- 101. Correct! Use eye protectionthat is adequate for the wavelength you are working with. Ruby (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 101
- 102.
- 103.
- 104.
- 105.
- 106. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers with a wavelength of 930 nm ? I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 106
- 107. Incorrect. The wavelength isgreater than the range I need an OD of 6 OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm 107
- 108. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers with a wavelength of 930 nm ? I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 108
- 109. Incorrect. The wavelength isgreater than the range I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm 109
- 110. What do youthink? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers with a wavelength of 930 nm ? I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 110
- 111. Correct. Select laser safetyeyewear based on the optical density and wavelength of your laser. I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 111
- 112. Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Argon (488nm and 514 nm) KTP (532 nm) Nd:YAG (1060 nm) Select laser safety eyewear based on the optical density and wavelength of your laser. 112
- 113. Select laser safetyeyewear based on the optical density and wavelength of your laser. In addition to… Fit Field of Vision Prescription Sensor Card Use Degradation Too much space Proper fit 113
- 115. 115 1. Determine laserclasses and components 2. Identify hazards Biological Non-Beam 3. Implement controls Engineering Administrative Work Practice PPE Summary
- 116. 116 For more information ehs.ucr.edu 951827 5528 ehs@ucr.edu
- 117. To receive creditfor this course please complete the test Test 117 START Test