The document discusses different approaches to language teaching including structuralism, functionalism, and interactionalism. It describes the audio-lingual method which is based on structural linguistics and behaviorism. It emphasizes accurate oral performance through dialogues, drills, and immediate error correction without translation. The document also discusses suggestopedia which aims to facilitate learning in a pleasant, comfortable environment through relaxing teaching, communication on linguistic and environmental planes, and varied, playful means of activating material.

1. IN
LANGUAGE TEACHING

2. Why do we study approaches?
 Provide with a view of how the field of language
teaching has evolved-developed.
 As a source of well-used practices (adapt and
implement)
 Basic teaching skills are learned and teaching
experience is developed

3. Approach
 Theories about the nature of language and language
learning that serve as the source of practices and
principles in language teaching.
 Theoretical principles
 Basic features of linguistic organization and language
use

4. Three basic theoretical views of language
 Structural view
-phonological units: phonemes
-grammatical units: clauses, phrases, sentences
-grammatical operations : adding, shifting
 Functional view; ESP – learner needs
 Interactional view; vehicle of realization and
interpersonal relations

5. Approach to lead a method
 Design – the level of method analysis – p.33
a. Objectives of a method : vocabulary, grammar,
speaking, listening, culture
b. Syllabus model the method incorporates
c. Types of learning and teaching activities
d. Learner roles
e. Teacher roles
f. Role of instructional materials

6. Approach to lead a method
 Procedure : classroom techniques, practices and
behaviors observed when the method is used
- Resources in terms of time, space and equipment used
by the teacher
- Interactional patterns observed in lessons
- Tactics and strategies used by teachers and learners

7. Approaches and Methods
 Is there anything worth in this technique?
 How can I adopt this technique to my own
circumstances?
 What are the other ways I can put this principle into
practice?

8. Major trends in 20th century language teaching
 Oral approach and situational language teaching
- British structuralism
-1950,1960 EFL, ESL textbooks (Streamline English)
-role of vocabulary
-spoken language
-situational language
-reading and writing - after sufficient grammatical and
lexical basis

9. Major trends in 20th century language teaching
 The audio-lingual method
- American structural linguistic
- Aural and oral training
- Native speaker listening
- Culture

10. Audio-lingual Method (ALM)
 Observation of the method in practice (VIDEO)
 While watching
1. Think of the ways the method applied
2. Some things I can apply to my circumstances
3. Take notes

11. Audio-lingual Method (ALM)
 Approach
 structuralism + behaviourism
 Design
 dialogues & drills (pattern practice)
 Procedure
 main focus = accurate oral performance
 Never translate
 Hear, speak, read, write
 Immediate error correction

12. Audio-Lingual Method (ALM)
 Teacher – as a model
 Language learning is a process of habit formation
 It is important for teachers to prevent student errors
since errors can lead to the formation of bad habits
 Students should over learn the patterns of the target
language – automaticity
 Positive reinforcement helps students to develop
correct habits (good, very good)
 Written form comes after the speaking process

13. Audio-lingual Method (ALM)
 Is there anything worth in this technique?
 How can I adopt this technique to my own
circumstances?
 What are the other ways I can put this principle into
practice?

14. Alternative approaches and methods
 Total Physical Response
 The silent way
 Suggestopedia
 Multiple intelligences
 The lexical approach
 Competency-based language teaching

15. Suggestopedia (video)
 While watching
1. Think of the ways the method applied
2. Some things I can apply to my circumstances
3. Take notes

16. Suggestopedia
 Learning is facilitated in a pleasant, comfortable
environment (music, posters and etc.)
 The more confident the students feel, the better they
will learn ( teacher’s relaxing way of speaking gives a
message that the class will be relaxing, imagination)
 Communication takes place on two planes
1. The linguistic message encoded
2. The environment which completes this message
(music, teacher’s actions)
 The means of activating the material should be
varied and playful ( dramatization, fantasy reduces
barriers to learning, game and creative atmosphere)

17. Suggestopedia
 Is there anything worth in this technique?
 How can I adopt this technique to my own
circumstances?
 What are the other ways I can put this principle into
practice?