This document discusses various concepts, theories, and approaches related to English language teaching pedagogy. It begins by outlining how English functions as a global lingua franca and is learned as a native, second, or foreign language. Key language concepts like register, dialect, and idiolect are also defined. Theories of language acquisition from behaviorism to constructivism are then summarized. The document proceeds to explain influential frameworks for conceptualizing language pedagogy, from Anthony's three-level model to the structural, functional, and interactive views of language. Finally, specific teaching methods are outlined, such as audiolingualism, the direct method, and communicative language teaching.
English in India: History, evolution and futureHema Goswami
History of English,Colonial Period
,Post independence, Evolution,Future of English
,Rabindranath Tagore,Sarojini Naidu, Malgudi Days
, Swami and Friends ,K.R Srinivasa Iyengar’s Indian Writing in English
English in India: History, evolution and futureHema Goswami
History of English,Colonial Period
,Post independence, Evolution,Future of English
,Rabindranath Tagore,Sarojini Naidu, Malgudi Days
, Swami and Friends ,K.R Srinivasa Iyengar’s Indian Writing in English
This is a brief presentation of the basic concepts introduced by Russian formalism. It might be considered as a suitable departing point to the understanding of this literary theory.
Hi. This is Marvin Morales, i hope this slide will help you in your studies in as an Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English. i just want to share.
An Apology for Poetry[7] (also known as A Defence of Poesie and The Defence of Poetry) – Sidney wrote the Defence before 1583. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, The School of Abuse, to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The essence of his defence is that poetry, by combining the liveliness of history with the ethical focus of philosophy, is more effective than either history or philosophy in rousing its readers to virtue. The work also offers important comments on Edmund Spenser and the Elizabethan stage. from wikipidea
This is a brief presentation of the basic concepts introduced by Russian formalism. It might be considered as a suitable departing point to the understanding of this literary theory.
Hi. This is Marvin Morales, i hope this slide will help you in your studies in as an Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English. i just want to share.
An Apology for Poetry[7] (also known as A Defence of Poesie and The Defence of Poetry) – Sidney wrote the Defence before 1583. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, The School of Abuse, to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The essence of his defence is that poetry, by combining the liveliness of history with the ethical focus of philosophy, is more effective than either history or philosophy in rousing its readers to virtue. The work also offers important comments on Edmund Spenser and the Elizabethan stage. from wikipidea
These are the 21st language learning strategies that every language educator should know. It will help you think of better strategies to make your class lively and not boring so that students can maximize their full potential
audio lingual method, also known as the army method, is a language teaching method that was created after the seond world war. the audio lingual method is known for its use of a variety of drills (repetition drills, transformation drills, substitution drills ...) as well as emphasizing speaking and listening. This method is based on habit formation and the idea that through repetition and reinforcement students can learn the language rapidly, hense the drills.
This presentation is made as academic activity of M.A English and it's about how English Language represent in Bollywood Movies in positive and negative way.
I have prepared this presentation as part of my academic activity of M.A English and it's about how Puritanism reflected in the two classic works The Scarlet Letter and Mourning Becomes Electra
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. Language Basic Concepts,
theories & Pedagogy. English in
Use.
By Komal Shahedadpuri
Research Scholar
Dept of English,
MK Bhavnagar University.
2. English Language Teaching
● Global lingua franca
● 3 concentric circles for diffusion of
English
- As Native Language
- As Second Language
- As Foreign Language
● L2 Learning & Acquisition
● Part of Linguistic
● Language is primarily a means of making
meaning. Conversation is the central
focus of language and the keystone of
language acquisition.
3.
4. Basic Language Terms
● Cliche
● Register
● Pidgin
● Creole
● Dialect
● Idiolect
● Langue
● Parole
5. Language Theories
● Human Brain and language acquisition
● Behaviourism & learning (Pavlov&Skinner)
● Cognitivism - Universal Grammar Theory (Nativist,Chomsky)
● Gestalt learning Theory (Wertheimer, Kohler & Koffka)
● Stephen Krashen’s Theory (SLA)
● Script Theory (Silvan Tomkins in 1954)
● Constructivist Learning Theory (John Dewey)
6. Language Pedagogy
● Edward Anthony in 1963
introduced 3 levels of
conceptualization and
association which labeled as
- Approach (Communicative)
- Method (Direct/Natural)
- Technique (Role play)
7. ● Richards and Rogers'
1982 approach expanded
on Anthony's three-level
framework
8. There are three principal views:
The structural view treats language as a system of structurally related elements to code
meaning (e.g. grammar).
The functional view sees language as a vehicle to express or accomplish a certain
function, such as requesting something.
The interactive view sees language as a vehicle for the creation and maintenance of
social relations, focusing on patterns of moves, acts, negotiation and interaction found in
conversational exchanges. This view has been fairly dominant since the 1980s
9. Approaches
● Structural
● Functional
● Natural
● Oral
● Communicative
● Lexical
● Task based
language
teaching
Methods
● Grammer Translation
● Total Physical
Response
● Audio Lingual
● Suggestopedia
● Silent way
● Direct Method
10.
11. Structural methods
Grammar–translation method
● Derived from classical method of
teaching Latin & Greek
● Focus on grammatical rules, list of
vocabulary and translation exercises
● Emphasis on learning to read and
write. Vocabulary is taught in the
form of lists of isolated words.
● Instructions given in mother tongue
(help of L1)
Ex. में खुरशी पर बेठा हु!
I am seating on the chair.
Audio-lingual method
● Developed during outbreak of World
war
● Know as Oral/Army method
● Based on behavior psychology
● Identify the grammatical structures
and the basic sentence patterns.
● Practice these patterns by systematic
attention to pronunciation and
intensive oral drilling.
● Material in dialogue form Repetitive
drills , limited vocabulary
12. Functional methods
The oral approach and situational
language teaching
● Speech and structure were seen to be
the basis of language and, especially,
speaking ability.
● Language learning is habit-formation.
Language skills are learned more
effectively if they are presented
orally first, then in written form. The
meanings of words can be learned
only in a linguistic and cultural
context.
Directed Practice
● It is a part of learning that occurs
immediately after instruction.
● Directed practice under observation of
teacher, tutor or parent and
independent practice done by students
individually.
● It can quickly provide a phrasebook-
type knowledge of the language.
Within these limits, the student's
usage is accurate and precise.
13. Silent Way (Caleb Gattegno)
● Makes extensive use of silence as a
teaching method
● It was first introduced in Gattegno's
book Teaching Foreign Languages in
Schools: The Silent Way in 1963.
● It is well known for the use of colored
sticks called Cuisenaire rods and for
his approach to the teaching of initial
reading in which sounds are taught by
colors.
● Pronunciation is fundamental
Interactive (communicative) methods
14. The series method(François Gouin)
● Teaching learners DIRECTLY
(without translation) and conceptually
(without grammatical rules and
explanations) Series of connected
sentences that are easy to perceive
● Direct "translation" of experience into
words, makes for a "living
language"through a chronological
sequence of events. .
Direct method
● It sought to immerse the learner
in the same way as when a first
language is learnt.
● All teaching is done in the
target language, grammar is
taught inductively, there is a
focus on speaking and
listening, and only useful
‘everyday' language is taught.
15. Communicative language teaching
(approach)
● Emphasizes interaction as both the
means and the ultimate goal of
learning a language
● At level of approach (theory) ,
design and procedure
● Successful communication in the
target language is the main goal of
communicative language teaching
● Dogme language teaching
Task based language teaching
(TBLT)
● An approach which offers
students opportunities to
actively engage in
communication through various
tasks.
● Students are free to use
whatever vocabulary and
grammar they know.
● Students will be exposed to a
whole range of lexical phrases,
collocations and patterns as well
as language forms
16. Teaching Proficiency through Reading
and Storytelling
● Developed by Blaine Ray, a
language teacher in California, in the
1990s
● Part of the comprehension approach
to language teaching
● Incorporate narrative and descriptive
component
● Stories contain vocabulary and
grammar introduced with physical
gestures or body movements
developed and then dramatized in
the class
Total physical response (TRP)
James Asher , psychologist
● Strong association of action and
vocabulary
● Teaching language or vocabulary
concepts by using physical
movement to react to verbal input
● Connection between language and
child psychology
● the coordination of speech and
action
Ex. Parents say shut the door that
followed by physical action of a child
17. Community language learning
● An approach in which students work together
to develop what aspects of a language they
would like to learn
● Base on Counselling-approach in which the
teacher acts as a counselor and a paraphraser,
while the learner is seen as a client and
collaborator.
● Encourages interaction as a vehicle for
learning in a group and meaningful
conversations in which they discuss real
messages.
Suggestopedia
● A method developed in 1970s by the
Bulgarian psychotherapist Georgi
Lozanov
● The music is specially selected to
bring the students into the optimum
mental state for the effortless
acquisition of the material
● SUGGESTOPEDIA is the study of
these suggestive factors in a learning
situation
Humanism based methods
18. Pimsleur method
● language learning system based
on the research of and model
programs developed by American
language teacher Paul Pimsleur
● 30-minute lessons with each
lesson typically featuring a dialog,
revision, and new material.
Proprietary methods
Michel Thomas Method
● An audio-based teaching system
developed by Michel Thomas
● Focuses on constructing long
sentences with correct grammar and
building student confidence
● There is no listening practice, and
there is no reading or writing too
19. To sum up…
● Thus, there are diverse pedagogical approaches in English
language teaching that can make language studies more
innovation, interesting and easy for learner.
● In brief, learning methods are many just like roads are many but
the point or destination where we are supposed to reach is one. So
get command over English language as L2 is essential and we are
marching towards it.