The document discusses the use of simulations in professional legal education. It describes how simulations can provide authentic learning experiences that are safe for students, enable skills practice, and facilitate various forms of assessment. Simulations encourage collaborative learning and allow students to see technology's potential for changing how and what they learn. Transactional learning through simulations involves active learning, reflection, collaboration, and holistic assessment of professional skills.
The document discusses several key challenges facing higher education and potential responses. The main challenges mentioned include maintaining facilities, quality of teaching and support staff, funding, flexibility of learning opportunities, and international student experience. Potential responses include reforming curriculum and assessment, developing a more flexible workforce, and rethinking quality through student engagement. The document also discusses using simulations to provide authentic learning experiences and assess skills.
This document provides an overview of a book about transforming legal education through the use of simulations. It discusses several key themes:
1. Using simulations to provide experiential learning opportunities for students that mimic real-world legal transactions and practice.
2. Developing students' professional skills and identities through simulated learning experiences.
3. Outlining various legal simulation projects, including ones focused on personal injury negotiation and private client work, that provide transactional learning.
4. Describing the development of a "SIMPLE" platform to facilitate the design and implementation of online legal simulations across multiple institutions.
Transactional learning involves using simulations to allow students to practice legal transactions in a safe environment. Simulations facilitate active, collaborative, and authentic learning. They can be used to develop skills like negotiation, documentation, research, and teamwork. The SIMPLE project has developed software and resources to design online simulations for various legal and other disciplines. Evaluations show simulations provide valuable learning experiences for students by allowing them to take on professional roles and receive relevant feedback. Ongoing work aims to improve simulations and further research their educational impact.
The SIMPLE project provides tools for designing legal simulations to facilitate transactional learning. Students engage in authentic tasks like negotiations that teach skills like letter writing, research, and teamwork. Evaluations found simulations improved professional skills and understanding while assessments showed better results than traditional projects. There were initial challenges for staff but benefits to students' learning experiences. The project concludes simulations can enable deeper engaged learning if supported and integrated into the curriculum.
This document discusses several topics related to legal education, including:
1. Several studies that examine the negative psychological effects of law school on students, including increased stress, changes in values and motivation, and increased cynicism.
2. Legal education has a weak influence on socializing students and career choices compared to the job market. Experiential learning allows development of new teaching approaches.
3. There is a need to rethink legal education practices and infrastructure in the digital age, including knowledge representation and learning resources. New technologies can enable transformative learning experiences.
The document discusses issues with current legal education technology and proposes alternatives for regulation. It argues that legal education technology is often dull, institution-focused, and lacks social networking elements. It suggests that regulation should help develop new theory and teaching approaches using technology in innovative ways. The document presents alternatives like focusing on learning outcomes rather than instruction methods, promoting open educational resources, and conceptualizing the regulator as a quality enhancer and hub for creativity rather than solely an enforcer of rules.
The document discusses the use of simulations in professional legal education. It describes how simulations can provide authentic learning experiences that are safe for students, enable skills practice, and facilitate various forms of assessment. Simulations encourage collaborative learning and allow students to see technology's potential for changing how and what they learn. Transactional learning through simulations involves active learning, reflection, collaboration, and holistic assessment of professional skills.
The document discusses several key challenges facing higher education and potential responses. The main challenges mentioned include maintaining facilities, quality of teaching and support staff, funding, flexibility of learning opportunities, and international student experience. Potential responses include reforming curriculum and assessment, developing a more flexible workforce, and rethinking quality through student engagement. The document also discusses using simulations to provide authentic learning experiences and assess skills.
This document provides an overview of a book about transforming legal education through the use of simulations. It discusses several key themes:
1. Using simulations to provide experiential learning opportunities for students that mimic real-world legal transactions and practice.
2. Developing students' professional skills and identities through simulated learning experiences.
3. Outlining various legal simulation projects, including ones focused on personal injury negotiation and private client work, that provide transactional learning.
4. Describing the development of a "SIMPLE" platform to facilitate the design and implementation of online legal simulations across multiple institutions.
Transactional learning involves using simulations to allow students to practice legal transactions in a safe environment. Simulations facilitate active, collaborative, and authentic learning. They can be used to develop skills like negotiation, documentation, research, and teamwork. The SIMPLE project has developed software and resources to design online simulations for various legal and other disciplines. Evaluations show simulations provide valuable learning experiences for students by allowing them to take on professional roles and receive relevant feedback. Ongoing work aims to improve simulations and further research their educational impact.
The SIMPLE project provides tools for designing legal simulations to facilitate transactional learning. Students engage in authentic tasks like negotiations that teach skills like letter writing, research, and teamwork. Evaluations found simulations improved professional skills and understanding while assessments showed better results than traditional projects. There were initial challenges for staff but benefits to students' learning experiences. The project concludes simulations can enable deeper engaged learning if supported and integrated into the curriculum.
This document discusses several topics related to legal education, including:
1. Several studies that examine the negative psychological effects of law school on students, including increased stress, changes in values and motivation, and increased cynicism.
2. Legal education has a weak influence on socializing students and career choices compared to the job market. Experiential learning allows development of new teaching approaches.
3. There is a need to rethink legal education practices and infrastructure in the digital age, including knowledge representation and learning resources. New technologies can enable transformative learning experiences.
The document discusses issues with current legal education technology and proposes alternatives for regulation. It argues that legal education technology is often dull, institution-focused, and lacks social networking elements. It suggests that regulation should help develop new theory and teaching approaches using technology in innovative ways. The document presents alternatives like focusing on learning outcomes rather than instruction methods, promoting open educational resources, and conceptualizing the regulator as a quality enhancer and hub for creativity rather than solely an enforcer of rules.
The document discusses the SIMPLE simulation platform and its uses in legal education. It provides an overview of what SIMPLE does, including enabling personalized learning, collaborative learning, and use of simulations. It then describes three case studies where SIMPLE has been used, including a personal injury transaction simulation at Strathclyde University Law School. Students learned skills like legal research, negotiation strategies, and teamwork through participating in the simulation. The document evaluates the personal injury simulation and what students felt they could have done differently.
The document discusses using simulations and role-playing scenarios called SIMPLE (Simulated Interactive Multimedia Professional Learning Environment) to teach and assess legal professionalism. SIMPLE allows students to take on legal roles and complete tasks, research, negotiations, and whole case files to develop skills like teamwork, legal research, writing, and ethics. The document provides examples of simulations used at various law schools and discusses how multimedia, social media, and aggregating resources can enhance transactional learning in SIMPLE simulations.
This document discusses strategies for legal reading, research, and writing. It begins by exploring how people read texts, maps, and music, and how these insights could apply to reading law. It then addresses organizing legal research using citation managers. Finally, it provides guidance on academic legal writing, including different forms of writing, strategies for writing within constraints, planning approaches, and addressing introductions and problem-solving writing specifically. Throughout, it draws on research and references various scholars to support its discussion.
Slides presented by John Garvey (U of New Hampshire) and Paul Maharg (Northumbria U) to Future Ed 2: Making Global Lawyers for the 21st Century, Harvard Law School, October 2010.
This document discusses the iLEGALL project which aims to investigate the use of mobile devices like iPads in legal education. It is a collaboration between universities in the UK and Ireland.
The project uses iPads in legal courses to compare their functionality to traditional learning systems and create mobile educational resources. Challenges include existing IT infrastructure and app selection. Benefits are speed, usability, and portability of iPads.
The document describes two implementations. One at Northumbria University uses iPads on a law course with student ownership. Another at the Law Society of Ireland uses iPads in continuing professional development courses. Evaluations found students engaged with paperless options but needed IT support
This document summarizes the development of multimedia learning resources from 2002 to 2018 at the Glasgow Graduate School of Law. It describes the contexts and educational theories that informed the resources, the development process across 3 phases, feedback from students, and costs and savings. The resources were developed to support the Foundation Course and modeled legal skills for students through interactive videos and text.
This document discusses legal education assessment around the world. It covers 4 key themes: 1) challenging conventional teaching and assessment, 2) adapting client-centered assessment from other disciplines through standardized clients, 3) learning from other jurisdictions that use digital simulations for assessment, and 4) the potential for extreme law schooling with a problem-based learning curriculum integrated with online learning and immersive, integrative assessments. Standardized clients and digital simulations provide reliable, valid, and cost-effective forms of assessment that better prepare students for legal practice.
This document discusses the hermeneutics of legal education. It begins by defining hermeneutics as the interpretation and understanding of texts. It then explores how legal education itself can be interpreted, including how different traditions are read against each other and how academics and professionals are integrated.
The document presents several theoretical frameworks for understanding legal education, including transactional learning and extended cultural-historical activity theory. It uses the example of Scots legal education during the Enlightenment to illustrate a shift.
Finally, it discusses the implications of this hermeneutic perspective, noting that legal education can be both complicit with and contestatory against neoliberal tendencies, and that new forms of transformational learning
The document discusses professional legal education and its regulation and use of technology. It covers two main topics:
1. Regulation: It discusses using simulated clients/standardized patients to assess law students' client interviewing skills. Studies found simulated clients can reliably evaluate students and improve listening skills.
2. Technology: It addresses using digital tools and platforms to transform legal education. Questions how to help students transfer academic learning to practice and learn with others. Suggests giving students space to practice independently directing their learning through feedback.
This document discusses various tools for assessing legal practice skills. It begins by outlining challenges with the current evidence base for assessment tools, noting a lack of reliable research and systematic reviews. It then discusses how assessment can challenge conventional teaching and assessment models by being more learner-centered, collaborative, and focused on skills and values. The document also explores using simulated clients for assessment, noting various jurisdictions that have implemented this approach successfully. It discusses the potential for online digital simulations and transactional learning. Finally, it proposes new program designs like problem-based learning to better integrate learning and assessment.
This document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from a project called the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) that assessed legal education and training systems in England and Wales. The summary includes:
1) The LETR project aimed to help regulators develop legal education policies by assessing existing education programs, identifying required skills, and making recommendations to make education more responsive to emerging needs.
2) The LETR made several recommendations related to learning outcomes, standards, competencies, coordination between regulators, and expanding the regulatory framework to include unregulated sectors. Many of these recommendations were adopted by the regulators.
3) Continuing issues discussed include ensuring diversity and inclusion, defining competencies needed in the 21st century,
Slides from the presentation given by Paul Maharg (University of Northumbria) at the joint conference Open Educational Resources in the disciplines in October 2010.
The document discusses approaches to improving legal education through regulation. It argues that regulation needs to avoid overly technical approaches and instead focus on experiential learning. It also calls for redesigning relationships between legal academia and the profession by shaping regulation collaboratively and improving curriculum. Additionally, it notes that legal education research has many gaps and should be better organized and funded to develop shared understandings. Overall, the document advocates for experience-based learning, collaborative relationships between stakeholders, and increased research to advance legal education.
The document discusses recommendations from the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) regarding ethics and legal education. It notes that LETR emphasizes experiential learning and improving regulation through adopting fresh approaches. It recommends that legal education schemes include learning outcomes on professional ethics, legal research skills, and communications skills. LETR also stresses the centrality of ethics to legal practice and encourages developing approaches to ethics education beyond just conduct rules. The document examines different regulatory approaches and tools to redesign ethics education, such as participatory regulation and shared space concepts. It also outlines needs like mapping the ethics education research field and improving longitudinal research on ethics learning over time.
The document discusses two case studies of alternative approaches to legal education and assessment. The first case study examines the use of simulated clients to assess law students' client interviewing skills. A pilot at the Glasgow Graduate School of Law found that simulated clients could reliably and validly assess important client interviewing aspects, and were more cost-effective than the previous assessment system. The second case study notes that focusing the assessment on the client's perspective and experience, such as through criteria evaluated by the simulated client, changed how students learn client-facing skills.
This document summarizes a conference on assessment in legal education. It discusses:
1. Current reforms in legal education and the focus on assessment. Reports have highlighted problems with traditional assessment and its lack of relevance to practice.
2. Recommendations from the LETR report to improve assessment, including assessing skills more realistically through client communication assessments.
3. Adapting client-centered assessment methods from medical education, such as using standardized clients to assess interviewing skills. Several law schools and professional organizations now use standardized clients. Research finds they provide reliable and valid assessment that impacts student learning.
4. The potential of digital simulations and online assessments to provide authentic practice-based assessments of transactional skills
The document discusses simulation design and learning through simulations. It provides an example of SIMPLE, an open-source online simulation environment that allows students to simulate professional practice. The document also discusses a personal injury negotiation project conducted with law students, including how it was implemented, what students learned from it, and what they would have done differently.
The SIMPLE project provides tools and resources to enable universities to design online legal simulations for students. Simulations allow students to practice legal transactions safely, discuss their work with others, and be assessed in an authentic professional environment. Evaluations found simulations improved students' professional skills and understanding of subjects, while requiring initial setup work from academic staff.
The document discusses the SIMPLE simulation platform and its uses in legal education. It provides an overview of what SIMPLE does, including enabling personalized learning, collaborative learning, and use of simulations. It then describes three case studies where SIMPLE has been used, including a personal injury transaction simulation at Strathclyde University Law School. Students learned skills like legal research, negotiation strategies, and teamwork through participating in the simulation. The document evaluates the personal injury simulation and what students felt they could have done differently.
The document discusses using simulations and role-playing scenarios called SIMPLE (Simulated Interactive Multimedia Professional Learning Environment) to teach and assess legal professionalism. SIMPLE allows students to take on legal roles and complete tasks, research, negotiations, and whole case files to develop skills like teamwork, legal research, writing, and ethics. The document provides examples of simulations used at various law schools and discusses how multimedia, social media, and aggregating resources can enhance transactional learning in SIMPLE simulations.
This document discusses strategies for legal reading, research, and writing. It begins by exploring how people read texts, maps, and music, and how these insights could apply to reading law. It then addresses organizing legal research using citation managers. Finally, it provides guidance on academic legal writing, including different forms of writing, strategies for writing within constraints, planning approaches, and addressing introductions and problem-solving writing specifically. Throughout, it draws on research and references various scholars to support its discussion.
Slides presented by John Garvey (U of New Hampshire) and Paul Maharg (Northumbria U) to Future Ed 2: Making Global Lawyers for the 21st Century, Harvard Law School, October 2010.
This document discusses the iLEGALL project which aims to investigate the use of mobile devices like iPads in legal education. It is a collaboration between universities in the UK and Ireland.
The project uses iPads in legal courses to compare their functionality to traditional learning systems and create mobile educational resources. Challenges include existing IT infrastructure and app selection. Benefits are speed, usability, and portability of iPads.
The document describes two implementations. One at Northumbria University uses iPads on a law course with student ownership. Another at the Law Society of Ireland uses iPads in continuing professional development courses. Evaluations found students engaged with paperless options but needed IT support
This document summarizes the development of multimedia learning resources from 2002 to 2018 at the Glasgow Graduate School of Law. It describes the contexts and educational theories that informed the resources, the development process across 3 phases, feedback from students, and costs and savings. The resources were developed to support the Foundation Course and modeled legal skills for students through interactive videos and text.
This document discusses legal education assessment around the world. It covers 4 key themes: 1) challenging conventional teaching and assessment, 2) adapting client-centered assessment from other disciplines through standardized clients, 3) learning from other jurisdictions that use digital simulations for assessment, and 4) the potential for extreme law schooling with a problem-based learning curriculum integrated with online learning and immersive, integrative assessments. Standardized clients and digital simulations provide reliable, valid, and cost-effective forms of assessment that better prepare students for legal practice.
This document discusses the hermeneutics of legal education. It begins by defining hermeneutics as the interpretation and understanding of texts. It then explores how legal education itself can be interpreted, including how different traditions are read against each other and how academics and professionals are integrated.
The document presents several theoretical frameworks for understanding legal education, including transactional learning and extended cultural-historical activity theory. It uses the example of Scots legal education during the Enlightenment to illustrate a shift.
Finally, it discusses the implications of this hermeneutic perspective, noting that legal education can be both complicit with and contestatory against neoliberal tendencies, and that new forms of transformational learning
The document discusses professional legal education and its regulation and use of technology. It covers two main topics:
1. Regulation: It discusses using simulated clients/standardized patients to assess law students' client interviewing skills. Studies found simulated clients can reliably evaluate students and improve listening skills.
2. Technology: It addresses using digital tools and platforms to transform legal education. Questions how to help students transfer academic learning to practice and learn with others. Suggests giving students space to practice independently directing their learning through feedback.
This document discusses various tools for assessing legal practice skills. It begins by outlining challenges with the current evidence base for assessment tools, noting a lack of reliable research and systematic reviews. It then discusses how assessment can challenge conventional teaching and assessment models by being more learner-centered, collaborative, and focused on skills and values. The document also explores using simulated clients for assessment, noting various jurisdictions that have implemented this approach successfully. It discusses the potential for online digital simulations and transactional learning. Finally, it proposes new program designs like problem-based learning to better integrate learning and assessment.
This document summarizes the key findings and recommendations from a project called the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) that assessed legal education and training systems in England and Wales. The summary includes:
1) The LETR project aimed to help regulators develop legal education policies by assessing existing education programs, identifying required skills, and making recommendations to make education more responsive to emerging needs.
2) The LETR made several recommendations related to learning outcomes, standards, competencies, coordination between regulators, and expanding the regulatory framework to include unregulated sectors. Many of these recommendations were adopted by the regulators.
3) Continuing issues discussed include ensuring diversity and inclusion, defining competencies needed in the 21st century,
Slides from the presentation given by Paul Maharg (University of Northumbria) at the joint conference Open Educational Resources in the disciplines in October 2010.
The document discusses approaches to improving legal education through regulation. It argues that regulation needs to avoid overly technical approaches and instead focus on experiential learning. It also calls for redesigning relationships between legal academia and the profession by shaping regulation collaboratively and improving curriculum. Additionally, it notes that legal education research has many gaps and should be better organized and funded to develop shared understandings. Overall, the document advocates for experience-based learning, collaborative relationships between stakeholders, and increased research to advance legal education.
The document discusses recommendations from the Legal Education and Training Review (LETR) regarding ethics and legal education. It notes that LETR emphasizes experiential learning and improving regulation through adopting fresh approaches. It recommends that legal education schemes include learning outcomes on professional ethics, legal research skills, and communications skills. LETR also stresses the centrality of ethics to legal practice and encourages developing approaches to ethics education beyond just conduct rules. The document examines different regulatory approaches and tools to redesign ethics education, such as participatory regulation and shared space concepts. It also outlines needs like mapping the ethics education research field and improving longitudinal research on ethics learning over time.
The document discusses two case studies of alternative approaches to legal education and assessment. The first case study examines the use of simulated clients to assess law students' client interviewing skills. A pilot at the Glasgow Graduate School of Law found that simulated clients could reliably and validly assess important client interviewing aspects, and were more cost-effective than the previous assessment system. The second case study notes that focusing the assessment on the client's perspective and experience, such as through criteria evaluated by the simulated client, changed how students learn client-facing skills.
This document summarizes a conference on assessment in legal education. It discusses:
1. Current reforms in legal education and the focus on assessment. Reports have highlighted problems with traditional assessment and its lack of relevance to practice.
2. Recommendations from the LETR report to improve assessment, including assessing skills more realistically through client communication assessments.
3. Adapting client-centered assessment methods from medical education, such as using standardized clients to assess interviewing skills. Several law schools and professional organizations now use standardized clients. Research finds they provide reliable and valid assessment that impacts student learning.
4. The potential of digital simulations and online assessments to provide authentic practice-based assessments of transactional skills
The document discusses simulation design and learning through simulations. It provides an example of SIMPLE, an open-source online simulation environment that allows students to simulate professional practice. The document also discusses a personal injury negotiation project conducted with law students, including how it was implemented, what students learned from it, and what they would have done differently.
The SIMPLE project provides tools and resources to enable universities to design online legal simulations for students. Simulations allow students to practice legal transactions safely, discuss their work with others, and be assessed in an authentic professional environment. Evaluations found simulations improved students' professional skills and understanding of subjects, while requiring initial setup work from academic staff.
The document discusses research into legal education in Scotland. It finds that students' perceptions of legal education and the legal profession are influenced by their school subjects and backgrounds. Many students see law as requiring high grades, being stressful and court-focused based on American TV. There is also a perception that lawyers must be very intelligent, articulate, and able to think on their feet. The image of lawyers remains dominated by white, privately educated men. The document then describes a personal injury negotiation simulation project used to give students experiential learning about the legal profession. Students provided feedback on what they learned from the project and how they would approach it differently.
The document discusses transforming legal education through the use of simulations. It discusses key thinkers like Dewey and Thorndike who emphasized learning through experience. The SIMPLE project aims to create a simulated professional learning environment for law students through online simulations. These simulations are designed to be authentic representations of legal practice that facilitate assessment and collaborative learning. The project will develop tools to build simulations and evaluate their implementation in various law degree programs.
The document discusses using simulations to transform legal education. It provides an overview of a personal injury negotiation simulation conducted at Glasgow Graduate School of Law involving 272 students. The simulation allowed students to practice legal skills like fact-finding, research, and negotiation strategy formation. Students provided feedback saying the simulation felt realistic and helped them learn skills like teamwork, legal processes, and handling multiple responsibilities. The document also discusses how simulations can facilitate assessment and collaborative learning, and how they shift educators' roles toward design work.
Open Educational Resources (OER) in Simulation Learning Workshopguest40c4bb8
The document discusses using simulations in higher education and describes a personal injury negotiation simulation conducted at the Glasgow Graduate School of Law. The simulation involved 272 students negotiating a personal injury case in groups. Students found the simulation provided an authentic learning experience that mirrored real legal practice and improved their skills. The simulation was complex to set up initially but provided long-term benefits. Some students reported that they did not properly manage their time or adequately advise their client at first.
Open Educational Resources (OER) in Simulation Learning Workshopguest40c4bb8
The document discusses using simulations in higher education and describes a personal injury negotiation simulation conducted at the Glasgow Graduate School of Law. The simulation involved 272 students negotiating a personal injury case in groups. Students found the simulation provided an authentic learning experience that mirrored real legal practice and improved their skills. The simulation was complex to set up initially but provided long-term benefits. Some students reported that they did not properly manage their time or adequately advise their client at first.
Open Educational Resources (OER) in Simulation Learning Workshopguest40c4bb8
The document discusses the use of simulations in higher education. It provides details about several simulation projects, including their goals, development processes, and results. Specifically, it summarizes a personal injury negotiation simulation, a standardised client initiative to assess lawyer-client skills, and the simSHARE project to share simulation resources openly.
The document discusses the use of simulations in higher education. It provides details about several simulation projects, including their goals, development processes, and results. Specifically, it summarizes a personal injury negotiation simulation, a standardised client initiative to assess lawyer-client skills, and the simSHARE project to share simulation resources openly.
The document discusses transactional learning through simulations and its effects on curriculum design and plagiarism. It notes that simulations provide authentic learning experiences while being safe, enable skills practice and various assessments, and encourage collaboration. Transactional learning involves active, reflective, and collaborative learning through authentic tasks. While simulations may reduce plagiarism by fostering ownership, their increased use also brings challenges around curriculum redesign, teaching practices, and institutional support.
Simulations are useful pedagogical tools that allow students to practice skills in a safe environment, receive formative feedback, and learn collaboratively. They can be complex and time-consuming to develop initially but provide long-term benefits. Research shows simulations can facilitate deeper learning when expectations are clear. While disruptive, simulations distribute learning across tools, roles and relationships rather than just focusing on individual cognition. Institutions may need to adapt roles and collaboration to fully leverage simulations.
1. The document discusses the SIMPLE program which aims to reduce plagiarism by creating an authentic learning environment that simulates legal practice.
2. Students work collaboratively in simulated law firms on client-based tasks while being supported by practice managers.
3. When trust is high between students, learning outcomes are better as students support each other and share responsibility for their work and clients. This collaborative approach reduces plagiarism.
1. The document discusses the concept of a "permeable web" in legal education, where boundaries between different representations and spaces overlap. It argues for a focus on experiential and transactional learning.
2. It provides examples of simulations and assessments used in different law programs to incorporate professionalism and ethics learning. Key aspects include developing trust and collaboration between students.
3. New frameworks for Scottish legal education aim to put professionalism at the core through collaborative curriculum development and use of simulations.
Presentation given to the Onati Workshop on 'One World, Different Cultures, Clashing Values: Legal Education in a Global Context', Onati, Spain. Hosted by the International Institute for the Sociology of Law, April 2009. Paper available.
Slides for the presentation by Patricia McKellar (UKCLE) and Karen Barton (Glasgow Graduate School of Law) at the Higher Education Academy's ePortfolios for the 21st century meeting on 23 April 2008.
The document summarizes chapters and themes from a book about transforming legal education through wiki-based collaborative research and writing. It discusses using wikis to facilitate collaborative learning, transactional learning through simulations, and assessing students' situated learning. The document advocates for changing legal education's "signature pedagogies" and explores how technology like social software and wikis can play a role in this transformation.
Slides from the presentation given by
Andrew Agapiou (University of Strathclyde) at the Open Educational Resources in the disciplines: a joint conference in October 2010.
Similar to Laminations: Dewey, constructivism & professional education (20)
1. The document provides an overview of a workshop on assessment held by the Law Society of Ireland on June 27th, 2022. It includes an agenda with sessions on research, ideas, and applications around assessment as well as examples of assessment architecture.
2. In the first plenary session, Professor Paul Maharg discusses key concepts around research, ideas, and applications for assessment including questions to consider around the relevance, feasibility, and practicality of different assessment approaches.
3. Examples are given of signature pedagogies, transforming pedagogies, entrustable professional activities, and programmatic assessment which aim to make assessment more learner-centered, skills-focused, and integrated with professional practice.
Professor Paul Maharg presented on assessment in legal education at a workshop of the Law Society of Ireland. The presentation included:
1. A taxonomy of task analysis for assessments in simulations, ranging from discrete tasks to assessments involving an entire case file and performative skills.
2. Results from a study on using simulated clients for interviewing assessments, which found it to be more reliable and valid than traditional assessment methods.
3. Ways that problem-based learning can be designed to ensure both breadth and depth of learning, and forms of assessment that align with problem-based learning methods like exams involving analysis of new or previously seen case studies.
teacher-student relationship
3. Assessment practices
4. Conceptions of expertise
5. Professional identity formation
6. Disciplinary boundaries
7. Power relations in the classroom
8. Access to justice issues
9. Technology affordances
10. Globalization of legal education
It repositions people as co-producers and co-designers of learning.
1. The document discusses the Simulated Client Initiative (SCI) in Canadian legal education. SCI uses simulated clients, who are non-lawyers trained to evaluate law students' client interviewing skills.
2. SCI was first developed in Scotland and has been implemented at Osgoode Hall Law School and the Canadian Centre for Professional Legal Education. At Osgoode, 300 1L students complete formative SC interviews annually. At CPLED, 800 students complete mandatory SC interviews as part of bar admission training.
3. The COVID-19 pandemic required transitioning SCI to online formats. While technology enabled greater accessibility, online interviews posed new challenges regarding non-verbal communication and technical issues. Overall,
This document discusses approaches to regulating the legal profession and legal education. It makes several key points:
1. Established approaches to regulating competencies need to change as the profession becomes more fluid and fragmented. New approaches like shared space regulation and participative regulation may have a role to play.
2. Professionalism is essential for regulation but insufficient on its own. Attributes like empathy, social commitment, and courageous spirit are also important but often overlooked in legal education and assessment.
3. COVID-19 has revealed failures in legal education and technology that now require urgent and radical change, such as moving to more learner-centered phenomenological models of education.
4. Three future examples are discussed where competence
Paul Maharg argues that the Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted longstanding failures in legal education related to technology and assessment, and that radical changes are now urgently needed. Specifically, he claims legal education has failed to properly invest in and develop educational technology, lacks coherent leadership on the issue, and relies too heavily on standardized assessments that do not adequately measure important attributes like values, attitudes, and skills. Maharg advocates reshaping legal education with student-centered models like problem-based learning and revising regulatory standards to focus more on practice readiness and professional formation.
This document summarizes Paul Maharg's discussion of digital technologies in legal education. It outlines some of the failures of legal edtech to date, including lack of investment and leadership. It then discusses assessment in legal education, contrasting technical and phenomenological models. Finally, it provides examples of collaborative models for reshaping the legal curriculum, such as problem-based learning, and discusses creating collaborative online structures and initiatives in the US and Canada.
This document discusses giving feedback online using Zoom. It recommends positioning the camera at eye level, using a headset microphone, and checking student video images. When giving feedback, ask reflective questions, let students react in chat or live, and focus on the student rather than stories. Maintain balance by controlling and relinquishing control, talking and listening, directing but also being intimate, and focusing on time while acknowledging chat. The overall goal is flexible yet effective online tutoring and feedback.
1. Simulated clients (SCs) are trained actors who take on client roles to allow law students to practice client interviews. The Simulated Client Initiative aims to develop a reliable and valid method of assessing law students' client communication skills.
2. SCs undergo training that includes reviewing scripts together, discussing their roles and feelings, and practicing taking on their client roles through mock interviews.
3. Research has found the use of SCs to assess law students' client interviewing skills results in more reliable and valid evaluations than traditional methods, and is also more cost-effective. SCs are now used at many law schools internationally to train and assess students.
The document discusses Paul Maharg's presentation on the hermeneutics of legal education. The presentation covers 5 case studies: 1) the shift in Scots legal education during the Enlightenment, 2) theoretical shifts with digital education in legal education such as transactional learning and extended CHAT theory, 3) the use of diegetic learning through disruption, 4) the interdisciplinary shift through simulated clients, and 5) implications for future law school practices. The presentation argues that understanding legal education requires a hermeneutic approach that considers how traditions are interpreted against each other.
The document discusses media convergence and fragmentation in legal education. It provides examples of how multimedia simulations (sims) are being used in legal education and analyzes some case studies. Specifically, it examines:
1) Problems and solutions related to managing student work and voice in online contexts. This includes issues of information management, managing professional voice/register, and fostering collaboration.
2) The development of a simulated legal work environment called ALIAS to support collaborative writing and genre learning among law students.
3) A study on the use of simulated clients to assess law student interviewing skills, finding they can provide more reliable and valid assessment than traditional methods.
This document discusses problem-based learning (PBL) as an example for reshaping legal education curriculums. It provides an overview of PBL, including its 7 steps and characteristics. PBL has been used in various law school programs, such as designing contracts tutorials and blended simulation environments. Webcasts are also discussed as a tool for legal education design. Different versions of webcasts over time are shown and how they can be used for categorizing legal subjects and demonstrating legal processes. Student feedback indicates that PBL and webcast approaches helped their exam preparation by providing more explanation and making the material more engaging and easier to understand. The document advocates for shifting legal education practices to focus more on open access learning networks and aggregated,
The document discusses three future portraits of law school as a design school based on principles of problem-based learning and the Bauhaus movement, a kindergarten focused on multimedia and developing student identities, and an art school emphasizing creativity, legal reasoning, and the development of habits through practice. It also examines how traditions in portraiture, education approaches like the Bauhaus, kindergarten and art school models could influence and renew legal education.
This document summarizes a presentation about three potential futures for legal education research: Prometheus, Sisyphus, and Themis.
Prometheus represents a creative but counter-cultural approach that suffers consequences. Sisyphus is characterized by endless, futile effort. Themis proposes a collaborative online research project to systematically study and provide evidence for legal education and professional development. It would include original research, literature reviews, and resources to inform policymaking.
The Simulated Client Initiative (SCI) trains standardized clients or simulated clients (SCs) to assess law student interviewing skills. SCs are trained over multiple days to role play client scenarios consistently. They provide validity and reliability in assessment comparable to law teachers. The SCI now operates at several universities. Research shows clients value empathy, respect and being listened to by lawyers. However, studies find experienced lawyers are no better than trainees at client communication. The SCI could challenge legal education approaches and implications were discussed for Osgoode Hall Law School.
Disintermediation is having significant effects on law schools and the legal profession. For students, it enables more flexible and collaborative learning, but risks a loss of campus community. For staff, roles are diversifying as intermediaries are disrupted. Librarians have been particularly impacted through dis- and reintermediation. Regulation also needs to change to recognize changing roles and adopt a more collaborative approach. Looking ahead, emphasis on apomediation, open platforms, and interdisciplinary research will increase as corporate influence grows and curricula are redesigned around engagement and customization.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
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3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Laminations: Dewey, constructivism & professional education
1. Laminations: Dewey, c onstructivism & professional education Professor Paul Maharg Glasgow Graduate School of Law
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6. large-scale implementation in disciplines Discipline Degree programme Institution Architecture BSc (Hons) / March, year 3 Strathclyde U. (1) Management Science BA (Hons), year 1 Strathclyde U. (1) Social Work MA (Hons), year 2/3 Strathclyde U. (1) Law LLB, year 1 Glamorgan U. (1) Law LLB, year 2/3 Stirling U. (2) Law LLB, year 3 Warwick U. (1) Law LLB, year 3 West of England U. (1) Law Diploma in Legal Practice, p/g Strathclyde U. (6)
56. John Dewey E.L. Thorndike 1. Philosopher & educationalist Educational psychologist 2. Theoretician and practical implementer Theoretician & experimentalist 3. Interested in the arc between experience & the world Explored the dyadic relationship between mind & the world 4. Pragmatist approach to learning: prior experience, ways of contextual knowing Adopted as precursor of a behaviourist approach to learning: assessment-led; laws of effect, recency, repetition 5. Emphasised learning ecologies Emphasised teaching strategies 6. Followed by: Bruner, Kilpatrick, standards movement, Constructivist tradition Followed by: Watson, Skinner, Gagné, outcomes movement,
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61. signature pedagogies (Lee Shulman) Sullivan, W.M., Colby, A., Wegner, J.W., Bond, L., Shulman, L.S. (2007) Educating Lawyers. Preparation for the Profession of Law, Jossey-Bass, p. 24