This presentation contains legal requirements for labeling for pharmaceuticals, types of label, objective of label and recent advancement in labeling of pharmaceuticals.
THIS IS ABOUT SCHEDULES AND RULES IMPLEMENTED FOR MANUFACTURING, IMPORT, EXPORT, PRESCRIPTION, STORAGE OF ALLOPATHY, AYURVEDIC AND UNANI DRUGS.THERE IS DIFFERENT SCHEDULE FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF DRUGS LIKE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, NARCOTIC DRUGS ETC.
Glass as a packaging material in pharmaceutical packagingShweta Shelke
This presentation gives a brief idea about the types of glasses used in pharmaceutical industry and its intended use. Different tests used for assuring its quality for intended use.
THIS IS ABOUT SCHEDULES AND RULES IMPLEMENTED FOR MANUFACTURING, IMPORT, EXPORT, PRESCRIPTION, STORAGE OF ALLOPATHY, AYURVEDIC AND UNANI DRUGS.THERE IS DIFFERENT SCHEDULE FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF DRUGS LIKE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, NARCOTIC DRUGS ETC.
Glass as a packaging material in pharmaceutical packagingShweta Shelke
This presentation gives a brief idea about the types of glasses used in pharmaceutical industry and its intended use. Different tests used for assuring its quality for intended use.
This presentation is related to the drug price control order in India. It will give an idea to the readers how the prices have been fixed for the formulations. How the price has been calculated for scheduled formulations.
Quality control on secondary packaging materialsAnupriyaNR
Presentation on quality control tests for the secondary packaging materials. Includes the materials used for secondary packaging, ideal properties of the secondary packaging material and various test procedures used for the quality control of the packaging materials.
This presentation is related to the drug price control order in India. It will give an idea to the readers how the prices have been fixed for the formulations. How the price has been calculated for scheduled formulations.
Quality control on secondary packaging materialsAnupriyaNR
Presentation on quality control tests for the secondary packaging materials. Includes the materials used for secondary packaging, ideal properties of the secondary packaging material and various test procedures used for the quality control of the packaging materials.
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This is to deal with UG Pharmacology entry label practical To know what are the various sources of drug information.
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To discuss briefly the role of electronic media in medicine.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. Table of contents
• Introduction
• Functions of label
• Objective of labeling
• Types of labeling
• Packaging Insert
• Machinery employed
• New developments in labeling technology
• References
3. • Label means a display of written, printed or
graphic matter upon immediate container or
the wrapper of a drug package
• The term “labeling” designates all labels and
other written, printed, or graphic matter upon
an immediate container of an article or upon,
or in, any package or wrapper in which it is
enclosed, except any outer shipping
container[1].
4. • Labeling in India
– All labels of a drug should conform as per the
specifications under the Drugs and Cosmetics
Rules 1945.
– That no person sell or distribute any drug unless it
is labeIed in accordance with the Rules (Rule 95 of
D&C Act).
• it includes information regarding
– indications, effects, dosage form, frequency and
duration of administration, warnings, hazards,
contraindications, side effects, precautions and
other relevant information.
5. • For identification of the product
• Provide ingredients
• Purpose /use of the product
• Child safety
• Other information like maximum retail
price(MRP), Batch No., Shelf-life etc
6. [2]
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that drug labeling
be balanced and not misleading. The label must be scientifically
accurate and provide clear instruction to health care
practitioners for prescription drugs and to consumers for over-
the-counter drugs and supplements. Labeling regulations
require that the statement of ingredients must include all
ingredients, in the order in which they are used in the drug.
1. Brand identification
Labeling helps in the identification and principal place of
business of the person by or for whom the prepackaged
product was manufactured, processed, produced or packaged
for resale.
7. 2. Description
Labels provide the information regarding the pharmaceuticals.
It describes the composition, batch no., cost, manufacturing date,
expiry date etc.
3. Promotion
Finally labels helps in promoting the product through
attractive and bright graphics replacing paper labels glued on
bottles.
4. To differentiate Standard and Counterfeit drugs
A counterfeit drug bears an unauthorized representation of a
registered trademark on a product identical or similar to one for
which the trademark is registered.
The use of scratch off label containing a unique code can be
done which if texted to a free no. provides a response from
company server, which will assure the authenticity of product.
The use of unique holograms and designs in labels, which can
not be easily copied.
8. • The safe use of all medicines depends on
users reading the labeling and packaging
carefully and accurately and being able to
assimilate and act on the information
presented.
• All labels must be clear and concise and must
bear all necessary information regarding the
safe use of a product.
10. • A label which contain drug information for the use of medical
practitioners, pharmacists, or nurses supplied by the
manufacturer, packer, or distributor of the drug.
• Rule 96 of the Drug and Cosmetic Rules (manner of labelling)
mandates the minimum information which needs to be put on the
label of all medicines.
• Legal Requirements:
1. Proprietary name and established name
2. Strength and dosage form.
3. Quantity.
4. Instructions for the use.
5. Precautions & warnings.
6. Manufacturing license no.
7. Batch number.
8. Manufacturing & Expiry date .
9. The name and address of pharmaceutical industry
11. Proprietary name/Generic name, Established name and
Compendia name
Proprietary Name: The exclusive name of a drug substance or
drug product owned by a company under trademark law.
Established Name: The designated FDA Official name or the
Compendial name.
Compendial Name: The name of an article for which a
monograph is provided in an official
compendia/pharmacopoeia.
for drugs included in the India Pharmacopoeia or the official
pharmacopoeia and official compendia of drug standards
prescribed in the rule 124, the name or synonym specified in
the respective followed by letters ‘I.P.’
Brand name which is used to market the drug.
Strength and dosage form
It is amount of active drug per unit dose.
13. Manufacturing license no.
In India, to manufacture any drug, it is required to
get a Mfg. Lic. No. as per Drug and Cosmetic Act,
1945.
Manufacturing Licences are issued By State Drug
Authorities.
And it is legally required to mention that no. on the
label.
16. Storage conditions
Store in cool place: store under 0°c to 8°c
Protect from light: necessary for light sensitive
formulations.
Keep out of the reach of children: All dispensed
medicines should carry this information on label
17. Batch No./ Lot no.:
“A designation printed on label of a drug that
identifies the batch and permits the
production history of the batch including all
stages of manufacturer and control to be
traced and are viewed”
18. Manufacturing & Expiry date
In compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
regulations, the manufacture date printed on the label
represents the date the product was produced.
Date stated on the label of a drug after which a drug is not
expected to retain its claimed efficacy, safety, quantity, or
potency or after which it is no permissible to sell the drug is
called Expiry Date.
20. All dispensed medicines should ideally be
provided with a label, which clearly states:
(i) Name of the patient
(ii) Name, strength, batch number and expiry of the
medicine, in case the medicine has been
repacked or cut out from a larger pack
(iii) Dosage and usage instructions
(iv) Date of delivery
(v) Storage instructions
(vi) Name and address of the pharmacy
21.
22. • The Package insert is considered “adequate
direction for use”. [1]
• The main aim of the package inserts or leaflets is
to provide information essential for the safe and
effective use of the drugs, and hence reducing
the number of adverse reactions resulting from
medication errors.
• In India, regulations for package insert are
provided under 'Section 6.2' and 'Section 6.3' of
'Drugs and Cosmetics Act (1940) and Rules
(1945).
1. Kalam A, Anwar S, Fatima A, “Drug Package Inserts In India: Current Scenario”, World
Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mar 2014, 3(4), 385-392
23. • Content of Packaging Insert [5]:
Sec 6.2 Therapeutic Information Sec 6.3 Pharmaceutical Information
Posology and method of
administration
Contra-indications.
Special warnings and special
precautions for use, if any.
Interaction with other medicaments
and other forms of interaction.
Pregnancy and lactation, if contra-
indicated.
Effects on ability to drive and use
machines, if contra-indicated.
Undesirable effects/side effects.
Antidote for overdosing
List of excipients
Incompatibilities
Shelf life in the medical product as
packaged for sale.
Shelf life after dilution or
reconstitution according to direction.
Shelf life after first opening the
container.
Special precautions for storage.
Nature and specification of the
container.
24. [6]
• Labeling machines are machines that dispense, apply or print-
and-apply labels to various items, products, containers, or
packages
• Labeling equipment are various machines, including label
printers, label applicators, printer-applicators, and labeling
systems, that apply labels to various products and packages.
Semi Automatic Labeling Machine Fully Automatic Labeling Machine
25. • Types of Labeling machinery
1. Semi Automatic Labeling Machine
2. Fully Automatic Labeling Machine
• Fully Automatic Single Side Sticker Labeling
Machine
• Fully Automatic Double Side (front & back) Sticker
Labeling Machines
• Fully Automatic High Speed Sticker Labeling
Machine
26. • Semi Automatic Labelling Machine are suitable
for labelling on Round Vials, Bottles.
• No change of parts is required for change in size
of containers & labels suitable for Glass, Plastic,
Composite Containers can be prepared.
• Grooved and Brut Shaped Bottles can also be
labeled.
• The Semi Automatic Labelling Machine
incorporates latest sophisticated.
• Microprocessor Controlled Stepper Motor Drive,
Fiber Optic Label and Container sensing system.
27. • Fully Automatic Labelling machine is useful to
place label accurately on round shape of product.
• Full or partial wrap labeling can be possible.
• A unique feature of machine is if the body
diameters changes, than also machine operates
without change in part.
• Products of different diameter like small size of
vials and bottles upto containers can be
accommodated in the same machine & Speed is
depend on the length of label.
28. • Different types such as Alluminium, Glass,
Plastic products can be accommodated on the
machine.
• Labeling speed is automatically synchronized
with conveyor speed to ensure quality.
• Push and press optional attachment is used to
ensure smooth labeling without wrinkles or
bubble.
29. [7] [8]
• Pharmaceutical labelling is more complex than ever, with
increasing pressure from consumers and regulatory bodies
to prevent counterfeiting and improve safety.
Manufacturers and packaging companies need to ensure
products can be recognized and verified quickly and easily
throughout the supply chain, communicating vital
information to retailers and distributors.
• Today's drug manufacturers can choose from a wide
selection of :
– Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technologies
– Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags
30. • For instance, using AIDC technologies, manufacturers
can include product or batch specific data in individual
product labels. In the pharma industry, this could
enable suppliers and retailers to verify a product quickly
and accurately — in most cases using standard
technology.
• RFID tags can be read without the need for close
contact or a direct line of sight, and offer read/write
functionality, which makes them ideal for tracking
products and monitoring processes. However, relatively
high cost and complexity of implementing the
technology has prevented its progress in many areas,
including the pharma industry.
31. • 2D Barcodes:
2D barcodes can hold considerably more information
than standard barcodes (usually up to approximately
1000 characters of information on a single label)
making them better suited to meet the requirements
of today's manufacturers.
This increased level of information can be held on a
label the same size or smaller than a conventional
barcode label, and the codes can, in most cases, be
printed using the same technology, helping to minimize
the cost of upgrading.
Furthermore, 2D barcodes can also function as a
database themselves, providing a portable information
source on the labelled product.
34. 1. Thompson JE, Davidow LW. Chapter 2, Labeling Prescriptions and
Medications. In: Davidow LW, editor. A Practical Guide to Contemporary
Pharmacy Practice. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company;
1998. pp. 2.1–2.4.
2. Carter, SJ; Cooper And Gunn's Dispensing For Pharmaceutical Students; 6th
edition; Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors; 2008; 865-869
3. Labels and labeling, Dr.MCR HRD Institute
(http://www.mcrhrdi.gov.in/drugs/week2/Labels%20&%20labelling2.pdf)
4. Guidelines for delivery of Pharmaceutical Services and Care In Community
Pharmacy Settings in India, Indian Pharmaceutical Association, 2002, Page
no. 19-21.
5. Kalam A, Anwar S, Fatima A, “Drug Package Inserts In India: Current
Scenario”, World Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mar
2014, 3(4), 385-392.