L2 ap 2013 research & overuse
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This document discusses fieldwork into pressures on coasts when economic development and conservation interests collide. It provides examples of fieldwork techniques that could be used such as environmental assessment sheets, beach quality surveys, photographs, questionnaires, and stakeholder interviews to assess how development threatens some coastlines. The results of applying these techniques to a stretch of coast near Swanage are asked to be reported, showing how fieldwork can reveal the tensions between different coastal stakeholders.
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Here is a possible 10 mark response to the question:
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This document summarizes the Geography A-Level curriculum offered at an unnamed school. The course is divided into four units over two years: Global Challenges (Unit 1) and Geographical Investigations (Unit 2) in the first year, and Contested Planet (Unit 3) and Geographical Research (Unit 4) in the second year. Students take exams throughout each year, culminating in final exams in January and June of the second year. The course covers both physical and human geography topics and prepares students to study geography at the university level, as 5 out of 8 students did in 2012.
L6 ap varying degress of glob
The document discusses various methods for measuring the degree of globalization in different countries. It describes the KOF Globalization Index, which measures countries' social, political, and economic links to others. The index analyzes factors like tourism, communication, trade, foreign direct investment, and socio-political processes. The document also discusses criticisms of the KOF Index and introduces the AT Kearney Index as an alternative measure using political engagement, technological connectivity, personal contact, and economic integration. It prompts the reader to analyze globalization data from the KOF website and rank/scale it to compile their own index.
L3.ap longshore drift and deposition
The document summarizes various coastal erosion processes that shape coastlines:
1) Attrition occurs as waves carry rocks that knock against each other, breaking them down into smaller pieces over time.
2) Abrasion involves the dissolving of limestone by carbonic acid in seawater and the expansion of salt crystals in the rock causing it to disintegrate.
3) Hydraulic action is the wearing away of cliffs by sand, shingle and boulders hurled against them powerfully by wave action.
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Population Populationdevelopment
Traditionally, development was defined and measured through economic indicators like GNP per capita. However, modern definitions see development as improving quality of life through meeting basic needs, social justice, health, education, and freedom. Quality of life is now commonly measured through indices like the Physical Quality of Life Index, Human Development Index, and International Human Suffering Index which use a broader range of social and economic factors. However, accurately measuring development remains challenging due to limitations in data collection and inequality within countries.
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This document discusses water scarcity as a potential source of conflict. It outlines how rising populations and economic growth are increasing demand for water in politically unstable regions. International agreements and disputes over water access and allocation reflect the urgency of water insecurity. Major players influencing water conflicts are the WTO, transnational corporations (TNCs), and the UN. The WTO encourages privatization of water infrastructure which can increase costs to consumers and risk of unrest. TNCs profit greatly from water provision but local communities sometimes lose voice. The UN monitors tensions but its role in finding peaceful solutions has met challenges. The Middle East faces especially acute water scarcity that threatens further conflict if not addressed cooperatively.
L8 ap review and intro to regeneration
Regeneration is defined as long-term upgrading or drastic schemes to improve existing urban, rural, residential, retail, industrial, and commercial areas. It is connected to rebranding places and giving them new identities in order to make areas more economically productive and socially acceptable. Regeneration aims to tackle inequalities in places and link people more closely to places, which can vary along the rural-urban continuum and mean different things to different individuals depending on their dynamism.
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This document provides an overview of coastal resource management. It begins by defining key coastal geography terms and describing various coastal landforms and features formed by sediment. It then discusses coastal processes and resources. Coastal resource management is defined as ensuring functions and activities are organized to achieve desired results through policies and projects. Factors affecting coastal resource management and its benefits are listed. Examples of coastal resource management processes and engineering approaches are provided, including coastal habitat management. The document concludes with a list of references.
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Major threats to aquatic biodiversity include habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation, which are exacerbated by human population growth. The greatest marine biodiversity is found at coral reefs, estuaries, and on the deep ocean floor. While protections for whales have led to recovery of some populations, others are still threatened by illegal hunting. Invasive species like the Asian swamp eel and lionfish degrade ecosystems, while activities such as agriculture, development, and waste dumping pollute waterways and oceans. Climate change poses a growing threat through sea level rise, warming, and acidification. Overfishing has driven many fish species toward extinction.
Marine protected areas
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Fish conservation zones as tools for fisheries management and conservation in...
Fish Conservation Zones (FCZs), or areas that limit or prohibit fishing, have gained widespread popularity as fisheries management and conservation tools in marine and freshwater ecosystems around the world. By protecting critical habitats and allowing fish populations to increase in abundance, FCZs can serve dual purposes of protecting fish biodiversity and enhancing food security and livelihoods for local communities. Rapid development in the Mekong Basin has the potential to impact fish habitat and abundance, and effective fish conservation and management tools are urgently needed. Many organizations have engaged in establishing FCZs in the Mekong Basin, and FCZs number in the hundreds in Lao PDR alone. FISHBIO is working to establish FCZs in several villages on the mainstem Mekong River in northern Lao PDR, and has seen substantial local support for the concept. While FCZs are compelling in principle, the most important consideration is whether they are successful in practice. Biophysical, socio-economic and governance monitoring is greatly needed to address whether FCZs are effective tools for meeting their intended objectives. Both technological and community-based approaches can play an important role in the biological evaluation of FCZ effectiveness, and collecting such data could improve the management of FCZs throughout the region.
Fish conservation zones as tools for fisheries management and conservation in...
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L3 water supply problems
Different countries face varying water supply problems based on factors like population density, rainfall levels, and infrastructure development. In the UK, imbalanced rainfall and an aging system challenge water access, while developing nations commonly struggle with untreated water, pollution, and low annual precipitation. The lesson explores how population maps, rainfall charts, and development levels relate to these international differences in water issues.
L2 consumption patterns
There are differences in water consumption between developed and developing countries. Developing countries use a high percentage of water for agriculture, around 88%, due to inefficient irrigation systems and widespread subsistence farming. Their water usage for industry is low at 2% as there is little large-scale manufacturing. Developed countries have a lower agricultural water usage rate of 9% as they employ modern irrigation techniques. Their industry water usage is high at 79% to support extensive manufacturing activities. Domestic water usage makes up 12% in developed nations but is rising in developing nations where access to piped water is limited.
L1 variety in supply ap
Freshwater availability varies globally due to its uneven distribution and factors like population growth, climate change, and development levels that impact supply and demand. Aquifers underground store freshwater, but some are being drained faster than replenished. While three percent of water is fresh, two thirds is frozen and one percent is available for human use.
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China faces significant challenges with sustainable water management due to having only 7% of the world's freshwater resources but over 19.5% of the global population. To address this, China is taking several steps including implementing more efficient irrigation techniques for agriculture, building new reservoirs and water transfer projects, treating more wastewater, and raising public awareness of water conservation issues.
L5 fresh water supply
The document discusses sustainable management and use of water. Over 80 million more people are added to the global population each year, placing increasing demands on water resources. Agriculture and increasing meat consumption in countries like China also impact water usage. Two million tons of human waste is dumped into rivers daily. Individuals can help by planting drought-tolerant plants and using water-efficient appliances. Organizations in places like Las Vegas recycle water from hotels through advanced filtration systems. The government implements initiatives around limiting outdoor watering and pricing to encourage conservation.
L4 attitudes and desal ap
1. Las Vegas gets 90% of its water from Lake Mead, but over the last 10 years the water level has dropped by half. One solution is to build a 500km pipeline to transfer water to the city.
2. Desalination is a technology that can resolve water shortages by removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking. It involves reverse osmosis, where pressure is used to squeeze water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving salt behind. It is commonly used in dry, coastal regions like Spain, Australia, and Saudi Arabia.
3. Desalination has pros like providing a reliable water source, but cons such as high financial and energy costs.
L1 ap classification, exploitation and changes
The document defines and classifies natural resources. It distinguishes between biotic factors like living organisms and abiotic factors like non-living things. Resources are also classified as renewable like solar energy or non-renewable like fossil fuels. Humans exploit resources through activities like overgrazing, overfishing, deforestation, and overusing water. This causes changes like soil erosion, declining fish populations, loss of biodiversity, and depleted aquifers. Humans also exploit energy resources but burning fossil fuels pollutes the environment and contributes to issues like acid rain.
L2b uk distribution
This document provides information about the distribution of natural resources across the United Kingdom. It discusses the variety of soils and how they support different types of farming in different regions. It also outlines where forestry, fossil fuels, water supply and minerals are located in the UK, noting that forestry is concentrated in the north and west, coal was historically mined in places like South Wales, oil and gas come from offshore fields in the North Sea, and minerals are extracted from both land and under the sea.
Resource use and consumption
This document discusses global patterns of food, energy, and water use. It notes that developed countries consume far more resources per person than developing nations. For example, the average North American consumes around 90kg of resources daily compared to just 10kg for the average African. While the world produces enough food overall, it is unevenly distributed, leading to both obesity and famine. Developed nations like the U.S. consume a disproportionate amount of the world's energy and water resources despite having a small percentage of the global population. Patterns of consumption depend on development level and resource availability within each country.
L2a resource distribution
Global natural resources are distributed unevenly around the world based on climate and geography. Soil quality and types determine agricultural productivity and are best in areas with brown forest soil. Approximately 40% of Earth's surface is used for farming. Forests cover 30% of land, with concentration in Brazil, Canada, and the US. Fossil fuel reserves are highest in the Middle East, Venezuela, Canada, and Russia. Rock and mineral deposits are found worldwide, with certain areas rich in resources like diamonds, iron ore, or precious metals depending on their geological history. Water sources include rivers, rainfall, and desalination, but some populations face future shortages due to climate change and increasing demand. The distribution of these vital natural
L1 variety in supply ap
Freshwater availability varies globally due to its uneven distribution and factors like population growth, climate change, and development levels that impact supply and demand. Aquifers underground store freshwater, but some are being drained faster than replenished. While three percent of water is fresh, most is locked in ice or far from population centers.
L1 mexico city
Mexico City is located in central Mexico within the Valley of Mexico. Globally, it is situated in North America, while regionally it lies near the country's borders with the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico City serves as the capital and largest city of Mexico. The urban structure of Mexico City consists of a central business district surrounded by inner city, suburbs, and an urban rural fringe. Land use varies across these zones from services and high-cost housing in the center to informal settlements at the urban periphery.
L1 ap urbanisation over past 50 years
Over the past 50 years, developed countries experienced slowing urbanization while emerging and developing countries underwent rapid urbanization. Globally, more people now live in urban rather than rural areas, as shown by satellite images of the lit-up world at night. Urbanization increased in emerging and developing nations due to factors like industrialization, rural to urban migration, and economic development.
Inequality in mexico
1. There is significant inequality between the rich and poor in Mexico City. The poor often earn just enough to survive and cannot save, while many work in the informal sector without taxes or protections.
2. The poor typically live in crowded areas on the outskirts of the city that lack basic services, while the rich occupy wealthier neighborhoods near the center with amenities. Income, rural migration, political influence, and long work hours contribute to the differences in quality of life.
3. The main reasons for inequality are that the poor earn low and unstable incomes; many migrate from rural areas with nothing; the rich have more political power; and the poor often work longer hours.
Ap urban growth mexico
Mexico City's population has grown quickly due to rural-to-urban migration as people leave tough rural living for more economic opportunities in the city. This migration has been caused by both national and international factors as companies open new factories near Mexico City, drawing more people. Impacts of migration on Mexico City include the creation of ethnic enclaves, pressure on housing as migrants settle both near the city center and on the outskirts, and services straining to support Mexico City's young and growing population.
Ap solving mexico city problems
This document discusses different strategies for improving cities, specifically in Mexico City. It outlines top-down and bottom-up approaches.
The top-down approach involves large-scale developments led by the government, where officials make the major decisions. Examples given include a housing agency that provided millions of mortgages and private developers building large identical housing developments. Issues arose from a lack of infrastructure to support the new housing.
The bottom-up example provided is of Neza, a squatter settlement whose residents organized to gain land ownership. They raised funds collectively for schools and utilities. This led to a thriving community with less crime than other parts of Mexico City.
The document asks the reader to consider the advantages and
Lesson 7 ap sustainable cities
This document discusses ways that Birmingham, England works to make urban living more sustainable and improve quality of life. It defines sustainability as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs, often considering social, economic, and environmental aspects of city living. The document outlines an activity for students where they will research in groups how Birmingham specifically addresses issues like recycling, employment, education, health, transport, affordable housing, and energy-efficient housing to promote sustainability.
Lesson 6 retail changes ap
The document summarizes the major changes in retailing that have impacted Birmingham over recent decades:
1. In the 1800s, suburbanization occurred as people moved from the crowded, polluted city center to spacious suburbs.
2. In the 1870s, industry began relocating from city centers to the suburbs.
3. In the 1980s, out-of-town shopping centers like Merry Hill opened, taking 12% of the city center's trade and offering free parking and large retailers.
4. Birmingham's city center fought back through redevelopments like the Bull Ring and Grand Central that improved pedestrian access and amenities.
5. Internet shopping has grown to 15% of
Lesson 5 inequality ap
The document discusses inequality within the city of Birmingham. It notes that while some areas like Moseley and Edgbaston have been commended for their quality of life, other inner-city areas suffer from multiple deprivation and economic decline related to the loss of manufacturing jobs. Deprived areas are identified using indices that measure factors like unemployment, income, health, education, and crime. The causes of inequality in Birmingham stem from deindustrialization that led to high unemployment and less money circulating in inner cities, creating a downward spiral of decline, while newer suburban areas benefit from positive economic multipliers.
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Birmingham's population has experienced significant growth and changes since 1825.
1) Birmingham's population grew rapidly in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution as people moved to the city for work in new industries.
2) The population peaked at around 1.15 million in 1950 before declining between 1950 and 2000 during a period of deindustrialization and globalization that closed factories and increased unemployment.
3) Since 2000, Birmingham's population has grown again due to new developments like the Bull Ring and improved transport links like High Speed 2 rail.
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留信网认证的作用:
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Digital Transformation Frameworks: Driving Digital Excellence
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
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L2 ap 2013 research & overuse
- 1. Fieldwork into pressures on coasts when the development and conservation meet head on
- 2. Homework • Referring to a stretch of coastline that you have studied, explain how and why some coasts are under threat from economic development. (10 marks)
- 3. Aquaculture Aquaculture, also known as aqua farming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Water populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. According to the FAO, aquaculture "is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.
- 4. Pressures create certain tensions between key players • Write down a list of 10 different stake holders who uses ‘the coast’?
- 6. Exam Q conflict matrix Study Figure 2. Comment on how the degree of conflict varies between different coastal activities. (10)
- 7. Case Study: Jurassic Coast • Read the handout AND p221 of Warn text book.
- 8. Fieldwork and research into pressures on the coast when the development and conservation meet head on • What is the difference? • What examples of fieldwork can you thing of?
- 9. Virtual Fieldwork – Jurassic Coast
- 10. Virtual Fieldwork – Jurassic Coast
- 11. Fieldwork into what happens when the development and conservation meet head on • Fieldwork techniques 1. Environmental Assessment Sheet 2. Beach Quality Surveys 3. Photographs 4. Questionnaires 5. Stake Holder Interviews
- 12. 1. Environmental Assessment Sheet • Use of sheet to record information from each site along the coast near Swanage (A,B, C, etc.)
- 14. 3. Photographs
- 19. 3. Photographs • What did your results show?
- 20. 4. Questionaries • At least 25 to residents in key towns • Sidmouth, Lyme Regis, Beer, Weymouth and Swanage. • Asking them … • What did your results show?
- 21. 5. Stake Holder Interviews • Interview key stake holders, e.g. National Trust, Local council and Water Sports companies. • What did your results show?
- 22. Past Exam Question • Describe the results and conclusions of your fieldwork (and research) into coastal development. (15) •