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1. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Concept
Normality vs. Abnormality
Criteria
for abnormality
Causes of abnormal behavior
Major psychological disorders

2. Clinical Psychology
 diagnosis
and treatment of
psychological disorders
 investigate causes of disorders
 associated mental health specialists:
Psychiatrists and Psychoanalysts

3. NORMALITY VS ABNORMALITY
 People who behave normally are those who act and
behave in an average, typical way.
 Statistically speaking, normal behavior is that which
we would expect from the majority of people.
 Abnormal, therefore, refers to any behavior that is not
typical.

4. CRITERIA FOR ABNORMALITY
Statistical
To determine abnormality, we simply observe what are
rare or infrequent in a given society or culture and label
these deviation from the norms as abnormal.

5. CONTD…
Many population facts are measured such as
height, weight and intelligence. Most of the people
fall within the middle range of intelligence, but a few
are abnormally stupid. But according to this
definition, a person who is extremely intelligent
would be classified as abnormal.

6. CONTD…
Cultural
every culture has certain standards for
acceptable behavior; behavior that deviates from
that standard is considered to be abnormal
behavior. But those standards can change with
time and vary from one society to another.

7. CONTD…
Behavioral
According to this view of abnormality, people who
are unable to function effectively and adapt to the
demand of society are considered as abnormal.

8. CONTD…
Personal distress
The final criteria considers abnormality in terms of
the individual's subjective feelings, personal
distress, rather than his behavior. Most people
diagnosed as 'mentally ill' feel miserable, anxious,
depressed and may suffer from insomnia.

9. MAJOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
 Dissociative disorders
 Schizophrenia
 Mood disorders; Depression, Bipolar
 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
 Anxiety Disorders
 Personality disorders

10. DID
 is the presence of two or more distinct identities or
personality states.
 The diagnosis requires that at least two
personalities (one may be the host) routinely take
control of the individual's behavior with an
associated memory loss that goes beyond normal
forgetfulness; in addition, symptoms cannot be the
temporary effects of drug us or a general medical
condition.
 Along with these symptoms client might experience:
Depression, mood swings, sleep problems, alcohol
and drug abuse, compulsions, and some more.

11. SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Positive: hallucinations, delusion,
 Negative: apathy, lack of interest, emotions
 Cognitive: disorganized thought, difficulty in
concentration, difficulty in completing tasks

12. Anxiety disorders
 Generalized anxiety disorders
The experience of long term anxiety with no explanation.
 Panic disorders
Anxiety that manifests itself in the form of panic attack
that lasts from a few second to as long as several hours.

13.  Phobic disorders
Intense irrational fears of specific object or
situation.
 Obsessive compulsive disorders
a disorder characterized by obsession or
compulsion.

14. CAUSES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Open floor session

15. CAUSAL FACTORS RELATED TO ABNORMAL
BEHAVIOR
Biologicalmodel:
Psychodynamic Model:
Behavioristic Model:
Cognitive model:

16. CONTD…
Biological model
This model suggests that physiological causes are
root of abnormal behavior.
Psychoanalytic model
Abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts.

17. CONTD…
Behavioral model
Abnormal behavior is a learned response.
Cognitive model
This model assumes that cognitions are central to
abnormal behaviors.