The comparative study of prevalence of human parasitic infection during 2014 –2015 year; the beginning year of approach to the AEC community.
Background:ParasiticinfectionsofhumanremainacauseofhealthproblemsinpartofSouthEastAsia(SEA) region.AccordingtoASEANEconomicCommunity(AEC) opening,pathogenicparasitescaneasilyspreadto10membercountriesbytravelers.
Objective:Theobjectiveinthisstudyweretoinvestigatehuman’spathogenicparasiteinfecalandbloodspecimensandcomparedprevalenceofinfectionbetween2014(beforeAECopening) and2015(AECcommunityyearopening) toinspectatrendofinfectionintoourcountry.
Materials/Methods:Datawerecollectedfrom9,608casestotalsinceJanuary2014toDecember2015.Stoolconcentrationtechniqueusingformalin‐ethylacetate,wasusedtoincreaseprobabilityoffindingparasitesinfeces.Ontheotherhand,thickandthinbloodsmearwerepreparedfromperipheralbloodsampleforinvestigatingblood‐borneparasiticinfection.Percentageofparasiticprevalenceineachyearwascalculatedandpresentedusingdescriptivestatistics.
Results:Theresultspresentedthattotalprevalencerateofparasiticinfectionswas1.24%(53/4,272) and1.42%(76/5,336) in2014and2015respectively.In2015,prevalencerateofBlastocystishominis (27/4,272) andStrongyloidesstercoralis (10/4,272) infectionsincreased1.4timeswhencomparedto2014(B.hominis (46/5,336)andS.stercoralis (16/5,336)).Inaddition,Opisthorchisviverrini (3/5,336) andMinuteegg(2/5,336) werenewemergedin2015aswellasotherparasitessuchasGiardialamblia,Taeniaspp.,EntamoebacoliandPlasmodiumspp.,buttheywerefoundinthelowinfectionrate.
Conclusions:Thisstudyrevealedthattotalparasiticinfectionratein2015wasslightlyincreasedfrom2014.OpeningofAECseemstoaffectpublichygieneprobleminthisregion.Thisstudyserveddatabaseformonitoringandpredictingthetrendofprevalencerateinthefuture.Nevertheless,continuousdatacollectionwillfulfillandimprovetherecentinformation.
Keywords:AEC,Parasite,Infection,Trend,Prevalence
Common antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory tract infected children i...iosrphr_editor
Background: Acute respiratory infection is a common disease in children. Most cases were due to upper respiratory tract infection. Early intervention and prompt treatment of acute respiratory infections are the easiest ways to prevent complications. Objective of the study: to determine the indications, frequency, and types of antibiotics used in hospitalized paediatric patients Messellata General Hospital , Messellata, Libya and to evaluate whether the prescribed antibiotics were based on the isolation of organism and their sensitivity. Study Design: Descriptive observational hospital based study. Results and discussion: A total of 200 child patients were included over 6 months of study period, in whom antibiotics were prescribed at the time of admission. The majority were between < 2 and 8 years of age. Fever was the commonest symptom. Out of 200 encounters for patients with various acute respiratory infections, acute pharyngotonsillits were (62.5%), followed by acute laringitis (26.5%). Acute pneumonia represented by (11%) of the total acute respiratory infection cases. Penicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for acute pharyngotonsillitis among children patients (40.8% of prescriptions), followed by cephalosporins (36.0%) and aminoglycosides (23.2%). A high percentage (59.1%) of children patients diagnosed with acute pneumonia was treated with cephalosporins, whereas (27.3%) of children patients with acute pneumonia were treated with penicillins. However, only (13.6%) of children patients with acute pneumonia often treated with aminoglycosides antibiotics. In case of acute laryngitis, the antibiotic prescription rates were as follow: Penicillins (58.5%), Cephalosporis (30.2%) and aminoglycosides (11.3%).
Low prevalence of cysticercosis and Trichinella infection in pigs in rural Ca...ILRI
Presentation by Rebecca Söderberg, Johanna Frida Lindahl, Ellinor Henriksson, Kang Kroesna, Sokong Ly, Borin Sear, Fred Unger, Sothyra Tum, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Gunilla Ström Hallenberg at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 21–22 June 2021.
Common antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory tract infected children i...iosrphr_editor
Background: Acute respiratory infection is a common disease in children. Most cases were due to upper respiratory tract infection. Early intervention and prompt treatment of acute respiratory infections are the easiest ways to prevent complications. Objective of the study: to determine the indications, frequency, and types of antibiotics used in hospitalized paediatric patients Messellata General Hospital , Messellata, Libya and to evaluate whether the prescribed antibiotics were based on the isolation of organism and their sensitivity. Study Design: Descriptive observational hospital based study. Results and discussion: A total of 200 child patients were included over 6 months of study period, in whom antibiotics were prescribed at the time of admission. The majority were between < 2 and 8 years of age. Fever was the commonest symptom. Out of 200 encounters for patients with various acute respiratory infections, acute pharyngotonsillits were (62.5%), followed by acute laringitis (26.5%). Acute pneumonia represented by (11%) of the total acute respiratory infection cases. Penicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for acute pharyngotonsillitis among children patients (40.8% of prescriptions), followed by cephalosporins (36.0%) and aminoglycosides (23.2%). A high percentage (59.1%) of children patients diagnosed with acute pneumonia was treated with cephalosporins, whereas (27.3%) of children patients with acute pneumonia were treated with penicillins. However, only (13.6%) of children patients with acute pneumonia often treated with aminoglycosides antibiotics. In case of acute laryngitis, the antibiotic prescription rates were as follow: Penicillins (58.5%), Cephalosporis (30.2%) and aminoglycosides (11.3%).
Low prevalence of cysticercosis and Trichinella infection in pigs in rural Ca...ILRI
Presentation by Rebecca Söderberg, Johanna Frida Lindahl, Ellinor Henriksson, Kang Kroesna, Sokong Ly, Borin Sear, Fred Unger, Sothyra Tum, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Gunilla Ström Hallenberg at the Safe Food, Fair Food for Cambodia project final workshop, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 21–22 June 2021.
Per contact probability of infection by Highly Pathogenic Avian InfluenzaHarm Kiezebrink
Estimates of the per-contact probability of transmission between farms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus of H7N7 subtype during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands are important for the design of better control and biosecurity strategies.
We used standardized data collected during the epidemic and a model to extract data for untraced contacts based on the daily number of infectious farms within a given distance of a susceptible farm.
With these data, the ‘maximum likelihood estimation’ approach was used to estimate the transmission probabilities by the individual contact types, both traced and untraced.
The outcomes were validated against literature data on virus genetic sequences for outbreak farms. The findings highlight the need to
1) Understand the routes underlying the infections without traced contacts and
2) To review whether the contact-tracing protocol is exhaustive in relation to all the farm’s day-to-day activities and practices.
AI transmission risks: Analysis of biosecurity measures and contact structureHarm Kiezebrink
Contacts between people, equipment and vehicles prior and during outbreak situations are critical to determine the possible source of infection of a farm. Hired laborers are known to play a big role in interconnecting farms. Once a farm is infected, culling entire flock is the only option to prevent further spreading with devastating consequences for the industry.
In this paper, based on the HPAI outbreak in Holland 2003, the researchers found that 32 farms hired external labor of which seven accessed other poultry on the same day.
However, they were not the only ‘connectors’ as some (twelve) farmers also reported themselves helping on other poultry farms.
Furthermore, 27 farms had family members visiting poultry or poultry-related businesses of which nine entered poultry houses during those visits. The other enhancing factor of farm interconnections was the reported ownership of multiple locations for ten of the interviewed farms and the reported on-premises sale of farm products on one pullet and eight layer farms.
Also worth mentioning is the practice of a multiple age system reported on eight of the interviewed farms as this may increase the risk of infecting remaining birds when off-premises poultry movements occur.
AI viruses may be introduced into poultry from reservoirs such as aquatic wild birds but the mechanisms of their subsequent spread are partially unclear. Transmission of the virus through movements of humans (visitors, servicemen and farm personnel), vectors (wild birds, rodents, insects), air- (and dust-) related routes and other fomites (e.g., delivery trucks, visitors’ clothes and farm equipment) have all been hypothesized.
It is therefore hypothesized that the risk of introducing the virus to a farm is determined by the farm’s neighborhood characteristics, contact structure and its biosecurity practices.
On the one hand, neighborhood characteristics include factors such as the presence of water bodies (accessed by wild birds), the density of poultry farms (together with the number and type of birds on these farms) and poultry-related businesses and the road network. The use of manure in the farm’s vicinity is also deemed to be risky.
On the other hand, contact structure risk factors include the nature and frequency of farm visits. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the contact structure, including neighborhood risks, and biosecurity practices across different types of poultry farms and poultry-related businesses helps the improvement of intervention strategies, biosecurity protocols and adherence to these, as well as contact tracing protocols.
Farmers’ perception of visitor- and neighborhood-associated risks of virus spread is also important due to its relevance to adherence with biosecurity protocols, to contact tracing and to communicating advice to them.
Deadly H5N1 birdflu needs just five mutations to spread easily in peopleHarm Kiezebrink
Reference: Phys.org. 15 Apr 2014. Dutch researchers have found that the virus needs only five favorable gene mutations to become transmissible through coughing or sneezing, like regular flu viruses.
World health officials have long feared that the H5N1 virus will someday evolve a knack for airborne transmission, setting off a devastating pandemic. While the new study suggests the mutations needed are relatively few, it remains unclear whether they're likely to happen outside the laboratory.
Avian influenza virus-infected poultry can release a large amount of virus-contaminated droppings that serve as sources of infection for susceptible birds. Much research so far has focused on virus spread within flocks. However, as fecal material or manure is a major constituent of airborne poultry dust, virus-contaminated particulate matter from infected flocks may be dispersed into the environment.
This study, demonstrates the presence of airborne influenza virus RNA downwind from buildings holding LPAI-infected birds, and the observed correlation between field data on airborne poultry and livestock associated microbial exposure and the OPS-ST model. These findings suggest that geographical estimates of areas at high risk for human and animal exposure to airborne influenza virus can be modeled during an outbreak, although additional field measurements are needed to validate this proposition. In addition, the outdoor detection of influenza virus contaminated airborne dust during outbreaks in poultry suggests that practical measures can assist in the control of future influenza outbreaks.
In general, exposure to airborne influenza virus on commercial poultry farms could be reduced both by minimizing the initial generation of airborne particles and implementing methods for abatement of particles once generated. As an example, emergency mass culling of poultry using a foam blanket over the birds instead of labor-intensive whole-house gassing followed by ventilation reduces both exposure of cullers and dispersion of contaminated dust into the environment, contributing to the control of influenza outbreaks.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Mohammed HMN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Twenty-two researchers from labs across the world submitted a letter to Nature and Science yesterday detailing their proposed “gain-of-function” research on the avian influenza virus H7N9.
Their work would genetically engineer H7N9 to make it both more virulent and more readily transmissible person-to-person. The research sounds controversial, not the least because one of the scientists involved is Dr. Ron Fouchier, whose on gain-of-function work on H5N1 ingnited furious debate over what should research should and shouldn’t be published.
However, there is a very real possibility that H7N9 will naturally mutate to transmit effectively between people. We already know that the virus is just a single amino acid mutation away from becoming easily transmissible between people. Indeed, news of the first confirmed case of such transmission was published in the British Medical Journal this week.
With a 60% fatality rate and a completely naive global population, the results would be catastrophic. The proposed research would give us an idea of potential pandemic scenarios, giving us a head start on potential vaccine and antiviral development.
It may be controversial, but it’s absolutely necessary.
Background- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is transmitted through air droplets from infected person and Close contacts of MDR-TB patients have a high potential to developing TB. This study aims to determine the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients. Material and Methods- The cases were recruited from the King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. In this cross-sectional study, Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were screened for tuberculosis. clinical, radiological and bacteriological experiments were performed to find out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB. Results- The cases were enrolled Between December 2015 to December 2016, a total of 100 index MDR-TB patients were recruited which initiated on MDR-TB treatment. A total of 428 contacts who could be studied, 11 (2.57%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 4 (0.93%) had TB. The most frequent symptoms observed in patients were cough, chest pain and fever. Conclusions- Tracing symptomatic contacts of MDR-TB cases could be a high yield strategy for early detection and treatment of MDR-TB cases to contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality and to cut the chain of transmission of infection in the community. The approach should be bringing about for wider implementation and dissemination. Key-words- TB, MDR-TB, Symptomatic, Household, Transmission
Trend of parasitic infection rates of Thammasat University Hospital’s patient...kridsada31
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn Supaporn Pumpa Krim Kamyod and Palakorn Puttaruk Microscopy Unit, Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
Etiology and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of the Microorganism Associate...inventionjournals
This study proposes to meet the most common aetiologic agents in urinary tract infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. We analyzed all bacteriological examinations of urine recorded in Central Laboratory do Piauí-LACEN situated in the municipality of Teresina-PI of patients seen in December 2013 period through April 2014. It was observed that were filed during the designated period urine, 1647. Of these, 109 were positive cultural examination. Escherichia coli was the most isolated microorganism (71.6%), followed by the genus Klebsiella (14.7%), by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8) and Proteus mirabilis (1.8%). In relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp feature high resistance to antimicrobials Amoxicillin, Piperacilina, Cephalotin, Ceftazidime and Quinolones. To the Enterobacteria in study, Imipeneme, Netilmicin and Amikacin were the antimicrobials with higher degree of susceptibility. In respect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, antimicrobials were more effective, the Imipeneme and Amikacin. In this way, the need to periodically reviews the ITU for being a promising environment for bacterial infection and to understand the evolution of antimicrobial susceptibilities, for part of the main etiological agents, over time.
Per contact probability of infection by Highly Pathogenic Avian InfluenzaHarm Kiezebrink
Estimates of the per-contact probability of transmission between farms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus of H7N7 subtype during the 2003 epidemic in the Netherlands are important for the design of better control and biosecurity strategies.
We used standardized data collected during the epidemic and a model to extract data for untraced contacts based on the daily number of infectious farms within a given distance of a susceptible farm.
With these data, the ‘maximum likelihood estimation’ approach was used to estimate the transmission probabilities by the individual contact types, both traced and untraced.
The outcomes were validated against literature data on virus genetic sequences for outbreak farms. The findings highlight the need to
1) Understand the routes underlying the infections without traced contacts and
2) To review whether the contact-tracing protocol is exhaustive in relation to all the farm’s day-to-day activities and practices.
AI transmission risks: Analysis of biosecurity measures and contact structureHarm Kiezebrink
Contacts between people, equipment and vehicles prior and during outbreak situations are critical to determine the possible source of infection of a farm. Hired laborers are known to play a big role in interconnecting farms. Once a farm is infected, culling entire flock is the only option to prevent further spreading with devastating consequences for the industry.
In this paper, based on the HPAI outbreak in Holland 2003, the researchers found that 32 farms hired external labor of which seven accessed other poultry on the same day.
However, they were not the only ‘connectors’ as some (twelve) farmers also reported themselves helping on other poultry farms.
Furthermore, 27 farms had family members visiting poultry or poultry-related businesses of which nine entered poultry houses during those visits. The other enhancing factor of farm interconnections was the reported ownership of multiple locations for ten of the interviewed farms and the reported on-premises sale of farm products on one pullet and eight layer farms.
Also worth mentioning is the practice of a multiple age system reported on eight of the interviewed farms as this may increase the risk of infecting remaining birds when off-premises poultry movements occur.
AI viruses may be introduced into poultry from reservoirs such as aquatic wild birds but the mechanisms of their subsequent spread are partially unclear. Transmission of the virus through movements of humans (visitors, servicemen and farm personnel), vectors (wild birds, rodents, insects), air- (and dust-) related routes and other fomites (e.g., delivery trucks, visitors’ clothes and farm equipment) have all been hypothesized.
It is therefore hypothesized that the risk of introducing the virus to a farm is determined by the farm’s neighborhood characteristics, contact structure and its biosecurity practices.
On the one hand, neighborhood characteristics include factors such as the presence of water bodies (accessed by wild birds), the density of poultry farms (together with the number and type of birds on these farms) and poultry-related businesses and the road network. The use of manure in the farm’s vicinity is also deemed to be risky.
On the other hand, contact structure risk factors include the nature and frequency of farm visits. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the contact structure, including neighborhood risks, and biosecurity practices across different types of poultry farms and poultry-related businesses helps the improvement of intervention strategies, biosecurity protocols and adherence to these, as well as contact tracing protocols.
Farmers’ perception of visitor- and neighborhood-associated risks of virus spread is also important due to its relevance to adherence with biosecurity protocols, to contact tracing and to communicating advice to them.
Deadly H5N1 birdflu needs just five mutations to spread easily in peopleHarm Kiezebrink
Reference: Phys.org. 15 Apr 2014. Dutch researchers have found that the virus needs only five favorable gene mutations to become transmissible through coughing or sneezing, like regular flu viruses.
World health officials have long feared that the H5N1 virus will someday evolve a knack for airborne transmission, setting off a devastating pandemic. While the new study suggests the mutations needed are relatively few, it remains unclear whether they're likely to happen outside the laboratory.
Avian influenza virus-infected poultry can release a large amount of virus-contaminated droppings that serve as sources of infection for susceptible birds. Much research so far has focused on virus spread within flocks. However, as fecal material or manure is a major constituent of airborne poultry dust, virus-contaminated particulate matter from infected flocks may be dispersed into the environment.
This study, demonstrates the presence of airborne influenza virus RNA downwind from buildings holding LPAI-infected birds, and the observed correlation between field data on airborne poultry and livestock associated microbial exposure and the OPS-ST model. These findings suggest that geographical estimates of areas at high risk for human and animal exposure to airborne influenza virus can be modeled during an outbreak, although additional field measurements are needed to validate this proposition. In addition, the outdoor detection of influenza virus contaminated airborne dust during outbreaks in poultry suggests that practical measures can assist in the control of future influenza outbreaks.
In general, exposure to airborne influenza virus on commercial poultry farms could be reduced both by minimizing the initial generation of airborne particles and implementing methods for abatement of particles once generated. As an example, emergency mass culling of poultry using a foam blanket over the birds instead of labor-intensive whole-house gassing followed by ventilation reduces both exposure of cullers and dispersion of contaminated dust into the environment, contributing to the control of influenza outbreaks.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Mohammed HMN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Twenty-two researchers from labs across the world submitted a letter to Nature and Science yesterday detailing their proposed “gain-of-function” research on the avian influenza virus H7N9.
Their work would genetically engineer H7N9 to make it both more virulent and more readily transmissible person-to-person. The research sounds controversial, not the least because one of the scientists involved is Dr. Ron Fouchier, whose on gain-of-function work on H5N1 ingnited furious debate over what should research should and shouldn’t be published.
However, there is a very real possibility that H7N9 will naturally mutate to transmit effectively between people. We already know that the virus is just a single amino acid mutation away from becoming easily transmissible between people. Indeed, news of the first confirmed case of such transmission was published in the British Medical Journal this week.
With a 60% fatality rate and a completely naive global population, the results would be catastrophic. The proposed research would give us an idea of potential pandemic scenarios, giving us a head start on potential vaccine and antiviral development.
It may be controversial, but it’s absolutely necessary.
Background- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is transmitted through air droplets from infected person and Close contacts of MDR-TB patients have a high potential to developing TB. This study aims to determine the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients. Material and Methods- The cases were recruited from the King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. In this cross-sectional study, Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were screened for tuberculosis. clinical, radiological and bacteriological experiments were performed to find out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB. Results- The cases were enrolled Between December 2015 to December 2016, a total of 100 index MDR-TB patients were recruited which initiated on MDR-TB treatment. A total of 428 contacts who could be studied, 11 (2.57%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 4 (0.93%) had TB. The most frequent symptoms observed in patients were cough, chest pain and fever. Conclusions- Tracing symptomatic contacts of MDR-TB cases could be a high yield strategy for early detection and treatment of MDR-TB cases to contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality and to cut the chain of transmission of infection in the community. The approach should be bringing about for wider implementation and dissemination. Key-words- TB, MDR-TB, Symptomatic, Household, Transmission
Social determinants and risk factors for tuberculosis; need for harmonisation...
Similar to Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk, Medical Technology Laboratory, ThammasatUniversity Hospital, PathumtaniProvince, Thailand 12120
Trend of parasitic infection rates of Thammasat University Hospital’s patient...kridsada31
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn Supaporn Pumpa Krim Kamyod and Palakorn Puttaruk Microscopy Unit, Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
Etiology and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profile of the Microorganism Associate...inventionjournals
This study proposes to meet the most common aetiologic agents in urinary tract infection and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. We analyzed all bacteriological examinations of urine recorded in Central Laboratory do Piauí-LACEN situated in the municipality of Teresina-PI of patients seen in December 2013 period through April 2014. It was observed that were filed during the designated period urine, 1647. Of these, 109 were positive cultural examination. Escherichia coli was the most isolated microorganism (71.6%), followed by the genus Klebsiella (14.7%), by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8) and Proteus mirabilis (1.8%). In relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp feature high resistance to antimicrobials Amoxicillin, Piperacilina, Cephalotin, Ceftazidime and Quinolones. To the Enterobacteria in study, Imipeneme, Netilmicin and Amikacin were the antimicrobials with higher degree of susceptibility. In respect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, antimicrobials were more effective, the Imipeneme and Amikacin. In this way, the need to periodically reviews the ITU for being a promising environment for bacterial infection and to understand the evolution of antimicrobial susceptibilities, for part of the main etiological agents, over time.
Malaria is still considered globally as a leading cause of morbidity with Nigeria carrying the highest burden of 19%. Coinfection of malaria and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) accelerate disease progression of HIV/AIDS subjects. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of malaria among HIV infected subjects attending the antiretroviral therapy Clinic at Federal the Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria. After ethical clearance, 200 whole blood specimens were collected from patients who gave informed consent and completed a self-structured questionnaire. The specimens were examined for malarial parasite using rapid kits and microscopy. The overall prevalence of the infection was 78/200 (39.0%). The prevalence was higher in male (44.7%) than female (34.0%) subjects. Those subjects aged < 20 years (54.5), male gender (44.7%), non-formal education holders (61.5%), farmers (62.5%), stream water users (48.1%), those that lives in rural setting (43.6%), those that do not use Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs) (39.4%) and swampy environment dwellers (41.7%) were identified predictors for malaria infection in the area. All the predictors studied did not show any statistically significant difference with the infection but some arithmetic difference exists (P > 0.05). The 39.0% prevalence of malaria in HIV infected subjects is a public health concern. Therefore, Public health surveillance and health education among HIV population should be advocated to help eradicate malaria comes 2030. Further study that will characterize the genes of the parasite should be carried out.
Malaria situation in Thammasat Charlerm Prakiet hospital Pathumthani/Kridsada31kridsada31
Pumpa S.1, Sirisabhabhorn K.1, Cheoymang A.2, Sintana T1. and Puttarak P1.
1Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat Charlerm Prakiet hospital Pathumthani
2Pharmacology unit faculty of Allied Health Sciences Thammasat University Pathumthani
Malaria parasitaemia and socioeconomic status of selected residents of Emohua...IOSRJPBS
In Nigeria, malaria consistently ranks among the five most common cause of death in children. This study investigated the prevalence of malaria and socioeconomic status of someresidents of Emohua Community, Rivers State, Nigeria.Following ethical clearance which was obtained from the University of Port Harcourt and the parents of the subjects who gave their written consents, blood samples were collected through vein puncture from 200 subjects within the age 0-17years, from July 2014-February 2015. Structured questionnaire were administered to the subjects and parents provided answers for younger children.Thick and Thin films were examined microscopically using oil immersion objective following the standardparasitological method. The thin films were fixed with methanol and all films were stained with 10% Giemsa stain diluted with 7.2 buffer water for 10 minutes. The demographic characteristics of 200 subjects examined in Emohua showed that 120(60%) were females and 60(40%) were males. Sex related prevalence showed that more females were infected with 66(62.3%) and had higher parasite density of 144720/ul than males with 40 (37.7%) and parasite density of 106160/ul though the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Out of the 200 subjects examined, 106(53.0%) were positive for Plasmodium falciparum. Age related prevalence showed that subjects within the age 0-3years and 4-6years had higher prevalence of 62 (31%) followed by those within the age 7-9years with 31(15.5%) and the least with zero prevalence was within the age 16-18 years. Those within the age of 4-6years had higher parasite density of 71680/ul followed by 0-3years of age with parasite density of 63360/ul while those within the age 16-18yrs had none (0). The difference in prevalence of malaria in relation to age was significant (P<0.05).>0.05). Subjects that used treated net were more with 117(58.5%), followed by those that do not use net at all with 54(27%) and those whose nets were untreated with 28(14%). Only 1(0.5%) person believed in the potency of prayer as a preventive measure against malaria while none trusted environmental sanitation. Subjects that are non- net users had higher prevalence of 46(85.2%) and more parasite density of 98080/ul followed by the untreated net users with 22(78.6%) and parasite density of 77280/ul while the least prevalence was recorded among the treated net users with 38(32.5%) and parasite density of 75520/ul. The differences in prevalence of infection in relation to preventive measures was significant (P<0.05).more><0.05).There is need to improve socio-economic status and awareness for total compliance to preventive measures among the subjects so as to reduce the malaria prevalence rate to the desired zero level
Studies on Seasonal Variations in the Occurrences of Schistosoma haematobium ...iosrjce
Urinary schistosomiasis in most cases is complicated with bacterial infections because the so called
normal flora of the genito- urinary tract has a better chance of entering and invading the underlying internal
tissues as a result of the constant tear and scar of the epithelium by the spiny schistosomal eggs. The study was
carried ou ton seasonal variations in the occurrences of Schistosoma haematobium and bacterial urinary
infections among school age children in 8 irrigation rural communities of four Local Government Areas of
Kano State from March 2012 to February 2013, in order to determine the incidence of S. haematobium and its
co-infection with bacterial pathogens among the pupils. Ethical clearance was sought from the State Universal
Basic Education Board (SUBEB). Midstream urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers and
transported to the laboratory in cold box for the laboratory procession. Urine sedimentation was carried out
using centrifugation method, followed by microscopic examination the of S. haematobium. Urinalysis was
carried out on each sample particularly to detect the presence of important makers of urinary schistosomiasis
and urinary tract infections. Sample culture was carried out on Blood Agar and cystein lactose electrolyte
deficiency (CLED) medium; Gram staining and biochemical analyses were carried out for characterization of
the Bacterial pathogens. A total of 960 pupils were examined (480 in each of the dry and rainy seasons
respectively), of which 306 (31.88%) were males and 112 (11.66%) were females; 165 (34.73%) male pupils
and 57 (11.88%) females were found to be infected with S. haematobium during the dry season whereas 141
(14.69%) males and 55 (5.73%) females were found to be infected during the rainy season. The highest
prevalence of 115 (23.96%) was found among the 11-13years age group in dry season while the lowest
prevalence of 12 (2.50%) was found among the 14-16years age group the dry seasons. In rainy season, the 11-
13 years age group had the highest prevalence (107) (22.29%) and 14-16years age group had the lowest
prevalence (17) (3.54%).With regard to urinary tract pathogens, (8) (0.83%) female pupils and 4 (0.42%) male
pupils were found to be infected during dry season while in rainy season, 70 (7.29%) females and 42 (4.38%)
male pupils were infected. Considering co-infection, the rainy season had highest prevalence (4.38%) while dry
season was found to have least prevalence (0.2%); the overall co-occurrence being 8.13%.The study shows no
significant relationship between S. haematobium and urinary tract pathogens and seasonal variation has no
profound effect on the occurrence of S. haematobium but plays an important role in urinary tract infections.
Clinical Epidemiological Study of Secondary Syphilis - Current Scenarioiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Molecular Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhea Prevalen...inventionjournals
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea are the most public health concern in developing countries. Screening for sexually transmitted infection such as Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis was suggested by CDC at first visit and also last trimester of pregnancy because early infection can asymptomatic and also may complicated by severe sequela. Objective: This paper has aimed at estimating the prevalence of infections by Chlamydia trachomatis and by Neisseria gonorrhea in pregnant women. This study was carried out to determine prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea among pregnant women in Tehran, Iran’ Methods: In this study, 196 urine specimens were collected from pregnant women referred to Rasuol-e- Akram hospital. Detection of organisms was done using duplex PCR method with specific primers for each organisms. Results: Overall, 6.1% and 4.1% of the specimens were positive for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea respectively using duplex PCR assay. Co-infection was found in 4.1% of the patients. Conclusion: In comparison to other studies, a moderate and high prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections were seen in pregnant women. According to potentially dangerous complications of chlamydial and gonococcal infections, the results endorse that pregnant women should be screened routinely for detecting the Chlamydia and gonococcus infections.
ABSTRACT- Aim: The present study was to know the seroprevalence of Hepatitis C virus among indoor and outdoor patients of a teaching ter-tiary care hospital in North India. Study design: Place and duration of study: Department of Microbiology, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, India, between August 2013 to July 2014. Methodology: This is a retrospective study performed on blood samples collected from patients of all ages and both sexes. Commercially available Erba Lisa Hepatitis C ELISA kits were used which detects anti-HCV IgG antibodies. Statistical analysis was performed when two or more variables were needed to compare. SPSS version 17 was used to calculate P value. Results: The prevalence of HCV was 3.74% in our study. 72.7% were from males and 27.3% were from females. Highest number of positive sam-ples was from 11-20 years age group (5.6%). The positivity for anti-HCV antibodies was higher in indoor samples (7.8%) as compared to outdoor samples (2.3%). Conclusion: Strict need to follow universal precautions for HCV control and education of public so that high risk activities should be controlled. KEYWORDS: Hepatitis C virus, Seroprevalence, anti-HCV antibodies, Indoor, HCV control
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Adults...ijtsrd
Urinary tract infections UTI are one of the most prominent bacterial infections responsible for morbidity and hospitalization in HIV positive individuals. Therefore a hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 150 adult HIV AIDS patients attending Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital COOUTH a tertiary health care facility in Awka, Southeast Nigeria to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Bacterial Urinary Tract infection among Adults with HIV AIDS. Mid stream clean catch urine samples were collected and examined using standard microbiological and biochemical procedures. A semi structured questionnaire was used to obtain their Socio demographic and clinical data. Data entry and analysis were done using statistical package for social science SPSS , version 21 software and statistical significance was placed at P 0.05. Of the 150 examined urine samples, a total of 48 32 showed significant bacterial growth. Six 6 bacterial species were isolated. They include Escherichia coli 16 33.3 , Staphylococcus aureus 16 33.3 , Proteus mirabilis 2 4.2 , Klebsiella pneumoniae 3 6.3 , Enterococcus fecalis 4 8.3 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 8.3 . The most predominant isolate was S.aureus 19 39.6 . Female participants had a higher prevalence of UTI 30 62.5 compared to their male counterpart 18 37.5 . However, there was no statistically significant association between UTI and gender P 0.05 . Statistically significant association exist between place of residence P=0.005411 , marital status P=0.0054 , educational level P=0.030914 , current UTI symptoms P= 0.00001 , history of catheterization P=0.00001 and Diabetes mellitus P=0.00001 status with UTI. Thus, it is established that living in a rural setting, being married, lack of formal education, history of catheterization and Diabetes mellitus are risk factors for UTI. This is an indication that sensitization and screening for treatment of UTI in all HIV infected patient is very imperative and desirous. Anyebe, M. | Anyamene, C. | Ezebialu C. U "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Adults with HIV/AIDS in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility at Awka" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57421.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/biological-science/microbiology/57421/prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-bacterial-urinary-tract-infection-among-adults-with-hivaids-in-a-tertiary-healthcare-facility-at-awka/anyebe-m
Knowledge and attitude to human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophyla...BRNSSPublicationHubI
IJMS
Similar to Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk, Medical Technology Laboratory, ThammasatUniversity Hospital, PathumtaniProvince, Thailand 12120 (20)
Increase in the prevalence of Clostridium difficileproducing toxin B in fecal...kridsada31
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn1,2, Wanna Chaijaroenkul2, and Kesara Na-Bangchang2*
Abstract: Toxin A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) are virulence factors of Clostridium difficilethat cause diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. The global prevalence of C. difficileinfection (CDI)has been increasing due to resistance of the bacteria to the standard treatment with vancomycin. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence rates ofC. difficileproducing TcdAand TcdBin fecal specimens collected in 2014 (n=646) and 2015 (n=649) from CDI patients at ThammasatChalermprakietHospital, Pathumtani, Thailand. TcdAand TcdBin all samples were detected using immunochromatographicdipstick test. The number (%) of bacteria producing TcdA, TcdB, and a mixture of TcdAand TcdBfound in 2014 were 11 (1.7%), 14 (2.2%), and 22 (3.41%) samples, respectively. The corresponding numbers (%) for samples collected in 2015 were 5 (0.7%), 27 (4.2%), and 17 (2.6%), respectively. The prevalence of fecal specimens with TcdBpositive was significantly increased in 2015 compared with 2014. This observation may be a warning sign for the progress of C. difficileresistant strains. Close monitoring of their prevalence rates in the hospital including sensitivity to chemotherapeutics is essential.
Key words: C. difficile, TcdA, TcdB, prepvalence, resistance
Thecomparison methods of amphetamines detection in urine samples in Thammasat...kridsada31
Thecomparison methods of amphetamines detection in urine samples in ThammasatUniversity hospital, Pathumtaniprovince.
KridsadaSirisabhabhornSupapornPumpaNarumonSereekhajornjaruand PalakornPuttarak
Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, ThammasatUniversity Hospital Pathumtani, Thailand
Comparison and Evaluation of FUS-2000 Urinalysis Hybrid and Conventional Micr...kridsada31
Comparison and Evaluation of FUS-2000 Urinalysis Hybrid and Conventional Microscopic Examination
PrangthipSukboon1, SupichchaDuangson1, KridsadaSirisabhabhorn2,Chollanot Kaset1, SupapornPumpa2, DaungnatePipatsatitpong1*
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Comparison of reticulocyte count by VCS technology; Beckman Coulter Hematolog...kridsada31
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn1 Anurak Choeymang2 Supaporn Pumpa1 Naiyana poottasane1 and Palakorn Puttaruk1
1Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
2Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
Improvement of bacterial estimation in urinalysis by iQ®200 ELITE®: capture i...kridsada31
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn1 Anurak Choeymang2 Supaporn Pumpa1 Krim Kamyod1 and Palakorn Puttaruk1
1Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
2Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk, Medical Technology Laboratory, ThammasatUniversity Hospital, PathumtaniProvince, Thailand 12120
1. The comparative study of prevalence of human parasitic infection during 2014 –
2015 year; the beginning year of approach to the AEC community.
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk
Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumtani Province, Thailand 12120
Background: Parasitic infections of human remain a cause of health problems in part of South East Asia (SEA) region. According to ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
opening, pathogenic parasites can easily spread to 10 member countries by travelers.
Objective: The objective in this study were to investigate human’s pathogenic parasite in fecal and blood specimens and compared prevalence of infection between
2014 (before AEC opening) and 2015 (AEC community year opening) to inspect a trend of infection into our country.
Materials/Methods: Data were collected from 9,608 cases total since January 2014 to December 2015. Stool concentration technique using formalin‐ethyl acetate, was
used to increase probability of finding parasites in feces. On the other hand, thick and thin blood smear were prepared from peripheral blood sample for investigating
blood‐borne parasitic infection. Percentage of parasitic prevalence in each year was calculated and presented using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results presented that total prevalence rate of parasitic infections was 1.24% (53/4,272) and 1.42% (76/5,336) in 2014 and 2015 respectively. In 2015,
prevalence rate of Blastocystis hominis (27/4,272) and Strongyloides stercoralis (10/4,272) infections increased 1.4 times when compared to 2014 (B. hominis (46/5,336)
and S. stercoralis (16/5,336)). In addition, Opisthorchis viverrini (3/5,336) and Minute egg (2/5,336) were new emerged in 2015 as well as other parasites such as Giardia
lamblia, Taenia spp., Entamoeba coli and Plasmodium spp., but they were found in the low infection rate.
Conclusions: This study revealed that total parasitic infection rate in 2015 was slightly increased from 2014. Opening of AEC seems to affect public hygiene problem in
this region. This study served database for monitoring and predicting the trend of prevalence rate in the future. Nevertheless, continuous data collection will fulfill and
improve the recent information.
Key words: AEC, Parasite, Infection, Trend, Prevalence
Introduction
Parasitic infection has remained remain problem in region of
tropical country, developing country. Many factors or facilities support
biological life span of parasites and outbreak spreading. Nowadays, the
policy of globalization of each country because the opening of economic
community that contribute to moving of employees so they can carry
some virulent parasites and their genetics to host country. Hence, the
monitoring and surveillance are important role to control in outbreak of
parasitic disease. The objective of this study is comparative surveying of
parasite infection in patients who had attended in Thammasat University
Hospital , Pathumtani province in interruption before (2014) & in phase
(2015) years of AEC (Asian Economic Community) grand opening
Method
Parasitic diagnosis
data base from
medical record
2014 year
Total (N) = 4,272
2015 year
Total (N) = 5,336
Infection cases
Total (n) = 53
Infection cases
Total (n) = 76
Analysis by descriptive statistic
% infection of each year = Number of infection cases
Total number of each year
Result
0.63
0.23
0.07
0
0.023
0.19
0.07
0.023
0 0
0.86
0.3
0
0.06
0.02
0.04 0.04
0.02
0.06
0.04
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
% infection
% parasites infection comparison between 2014 & 2015 yr.
2014 yr
2015 yr
No. Parasites
Year
2014 (N=4,272) 2015 (N = 5,336)
Positive cases (n) Positive cases (n)
1. Blastocystis homonis 27 46
2. Strongyloides stercoralis 10 16
3. Taenia spp. 3 0
4. Opisthorchis viverrini 0 3
5. Plasmodium falciparum 1 1
6. Plasmodium vivax 8 2
7. Entamoeba coli 3 2
8. Giardia lamblia 1 1
9. Trichomonas spp. 0 3
10. Minute intestinal 0 2
Summary 53 76
Discussion & Conclusion
References
This study is illustrated total higher parasitic infection rates as 1.42 % in 2015 yr., during in ACE official opening than 2014 yr, before ACE opening, consider with
table 1 and graph 1. Blastocystis homonis is the highest amount of infection rate all 2 years and emerge 3 kinds parasites in 2015 yr are Opisthorchis viverrini,
Trichomonas spp. and Minute intestinal. Interestingly, couple of Blastocystis homonis and Strongyloides stercoralis – water born transmission‐ percent infection rate
in 2015 yr are increase almost 1.4 folds higher than 2014 yr. Perhaps, the geology of South East Asia region which is basin of water, moist climate, socioeconomic
and poor hygiene are significant factors for parasite spreading [1, 2, 3].
This study introduces suspicion that slightly increasing trend of parasite infection rate open AEC year in the beginning and should be monitor upcoming trend
of parasitic infection rate in our country. Limitation in sample size is require to expanding data so will be predictable with precise.
Table 1. Comparison data in parasite positive cases between 2014 with 2015 year
1. Jex AR, Lim YA, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ, Young ND, Gasser RB. Soil‐transmitted helminths of humans in Southeast Asia‐‐towards integrated control. Avd Parasitol. 2011;74:231‐65. doi: 10.1016/B978‐0‐12‐
385897‐9.00004‐5.
2. Brooker S, Singhasivanon P, Waikagul J, Supavej S, Kojima S, Takeuchi T, et al. Mapping soil‐transmitted helminths in Southeast Asia and implications for parasite control. Southeast Asian J Trop Med.
2003;34(1):24–36.
3. Strunz EC, Addiss DG, Stocks ME, Ogden S, Utzinger J, Freeman MC. Water, sanitation, hygiene and soil‐transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11(3):e1001620.
Abstract
![The comparative study of prevalence of human parasitic infection during 2014 –
2015 year; the beginning year of approach to the AEC community.
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn, Supaporn Pumpa and Palakorn Puttaruk
Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumtani Province, Thailand 12120
Background: Parasitic infections of human remain a cause of health problems in part of South East Asia (SEA) region. According to ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
opening, pathogenic parasites can easily spread to 10 member countries by travelers.
Objective: The objective in this study were to investigate human’s pathogenic parasite in fecal and blood specimens and compared prevalence of infection between
2014 (before AEC opening) and 2015 (AEC community year opening) to inspect a trend of infection into our country.
Materials/Methods: Data were collected from 9,608 cases total since January 2014 to December 2015. Stool concentration technique using formalin‐ethyl acetate, was
used to increase probability of finding parasites in feces. On the other hand, thick and thin blood smear were prepared from peripheral blood sample for investigating
blood‐borne parasitic infection. Percentage of parasitic prevalence in each year was calculated and presented using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results presented that total prevalence rate of parasitic infections was 1.24% (53/4,272) and 1.42% (76/5,336) in 2014 and 2015 respectively. In 2015,
prevalence rate of Blastocystis hominis (27/4,272) and Strongyloides stercoralis (10/4,272) infections increased 1.4 times when compared to 2014 (B. hominis (46/5,336)
and S. stercoralis (16/5,336)). In addition, Opisthorchis viverrini (3/5,336) and Minute egg (2/5,336) were new emerged in 2015 as well as other parasites such as Giardia
lamblia, Taenia spp., Entamoeba coli and Plasmodium spp., but they were found in the low infection rate.
Conclusions: This study revealed that total parasitic infection rate in 2015 was slightly increased from 2014. Opening of AEC seems to affect public hygiene problem in
this region. This study served database for monitoring and predicting the trend of prevalence rate in the future. Nevertheless, continuous data collection will fulfill and
improve the recent information.
Key words: AEC, Parasite, Infection, Trend, Prevalence
Introduction
Parasitic infection has remained remain problem in region of
tropical country, developing country. Many factors or facilities support
biological life span of parasites and outbreak spreading. Nowadays, the
policy of globalization of each country because the opening of economic
community that contribute to moving of employees so they can carry
some virulent parasites and their genetics to host country. Hence, the
monitoring and surveillance are important role to control in outbreak of
parasitic disease. The objective of this study is comparative surveying of
parasite infection in patients who had attended in Thammasat University
Hospital , Pathumtani province in interruption before (2014) & in phase
(2015) years of AEC (Asian Economic Community) grand opening
Method
Parasitic diagnosis
data base from
medical record
2014 year
Total (N) = 4,272
2015 year
Total (N) = 5,336
Infection cases
Total (n) = 53
Infection cases
Total (n) = 76
Analysis by descriptive statistic
% infection of each year = Number of infection cases
Total number of each year
Result
0.63
0.23
0.07
0
0.023
0.19
0.07
0.023
0 0
0.86
0.3
0
0.06
0.02
0.04 0.04
0.02
0.06
0.04
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
% infection
% parasites infection comparison between 2014 & 2015 yr.
2014 yr
2015 yr
No. Parasites
Year
2014 (N=4,272) 2015 (N = 5,336)
Positive cases (n) Positive cases (n)
1. Blastocystis homonis 27 46
2. Strongyloides stercoralis 10 16
3. Taenia spp. 3 0
4. Opisthorchis viverrini 0 3
5. Plasmodium falciparum 1 1
6. Plasmodium vivax 8 2
7. Entamoeba coli 3 2
8. Giardia lamblia 1 1
9. Trichomonas spp. 0 3
10. Minute intestinal 0 2
Summary 53 76
Discussion & Conclusion
References
This study is illustrated total higher parasitic infection rates as 1.42 % in 2015 yr., during in ACE official opening than 2014 yr, before ACE opening, consider with
table 1 and graph 1. Blastocystis homonis is the highest amount of infection rate all 2 years and emerge 3 kinds parasites in 2015 yr are Opisthorchis viverrini,
Trichomonas spp. and Minute intestinal. Interestingly, couple of Blastocystis homonis and Strongyloides stercoralis – water born transmission‐ percent infection rate
in 2015 yr are increase almost 1.4 folds higher than 2014 yr. Perhaps, the geology of South East Asia region which is basin of water, moist climate, socioeconomic
and poor hygiene are significant factors for parasite spreading [1, 2, 3].
This study introduces suspicion that slightly increasing trend of parasite infection rate open AEC year in the beginning and should be monitor upcoming trend
of parasitic infection rate in our country. Limitation in sample size is require to expanding data so will be predictable with precise.
Table 1. Comparison data in parasite positive cases between 2014 with 2015 year
1. Jex AR, Lim YA, Bethony JM, Hotez PJ, Young ND, Gasser RB. Soil‐transmitted helminths of humans in Southeast Asia‐‐towards integrated control. Avd Parasitol. 2011;74:231‐65. doi: 10.1016/B978‐0‐12‐
385897‐9.00004‐5.
2. Brooker S, Singhasivanon P, Waikagul J, Supavej S, Kojima S, Takeuchi T, et al. Mapping soil‐transmitted helminths in Southeast Asia and implications for parasite control. Southeast Asian J Trop Med.
2003;34(1):24–36.
3. Strunz EC, Addiss DG, Stocks ME, Ogden S, Utzinger J, Freeman MC. Water, sanitation, hygiene and soil‐transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11(3):e1001620.
Abstract](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/posterprevalence2016-160806070144/85/Kridsada-Sirisabhabhorn-Supaporn-Pumpa-and-Palakorn-Puttaruk-Medical-Technology-Laboratory-ThammasatUniversity-Hospital-PathumtaniProvince-Thailand-12120-1-320.jpg)
