This study analyzed the trend of parasitic infection rates among patients at Thammasat University Hospital from June 2009 to February 2012, revealing a slight increase in the infection rate to 1.57% compared to previous years. The primary pathogens identified were Blastocystis hominis and Strongyloides stercoralis, with significant rises in infection rates for Giardia lamblia and Strongyloides stercoralis since 2009. The findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and epidemiological studies to manage and prevent parasitic infections effectively.

1. Trend of parasitic infection rates of Thammasat University
Hospital’s patients among 2009-2012 years.
Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn Supaporn Pumpa Krim Kamyod and Palakorn Puttaruk
Microscopy Unit, Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat
University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
Abstract
Parasitic infection is still a problem of public health of Thailand. The infectious trend is importance for monitor an epidemiology situation. This research propose
for illustrated the infectious parasite trend during June, 2009 to February, 2012 of Thammasat University hospital’s patients. The study investigated parasite by simple
direct smear stool examination and formaline-ethylacetate stool concentration technique for parasite. All the retrospective study of all 7,947 patients illustrated 1.57%
(125) parasitic infection rate. Several of parasite as Blastocystis hominis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Giardia lamblia and Taenia spp. presented infectious rates as 0.68 (54),
0.45(36), 0.11(9) and 0.08(6) % respectively which higher than a pervious study in 2009. Moreover other parasites such as hookworm egg, Opisthorchis viverrini, Ascaris
lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ecchinostoma spp. were reported infectious rate in this study as 0.05(4), 0.04 (3), 0.01(1), 0.01(1) and 0.01(1) % respectively. B.
hominis and S. stercoralis are remaining predominately parasite infectious rates, and demonstrated 43.2 and 28.8 % of infectious cases respectively. Notice, G. lamblia and
S. stercoralis was increasing rate by 5 and 2 folds compared with previous infection rates in 2009. Conclusion, the trend of parasitic infection rate of Thammasat University
hospital’s patients among 2009-2012 years is slightly increased rate when compared with the preriod of 2007-2009. Many human pathogenic parasites as B. hominis, S.
stercoralis and G. lamblia are still increase parasitic infection trend. Therefore the prevalence study of parasitic infections is necessary for epidemiology study in closely
area including prevent planning and treatment of parasite diseases further.
Introduction
The parasitic infection diseases are major problem of public health in Thailand. The
observation of parasite infectious cases in these area are importance for monitor a
prevalence. Recently, the middle part rejoin of Thailand had been faced to a big flood
situation which risk to spread of parasite concern with waterborne transmission.
Therefore the monitoring of % parasite infectious cases are significant for prevent
parasite out break and prevalence study. This study propose for reported % parasite
infectious rate of patients in Thammasat University Hospital among 2009 to 2012 years
and demonstrated infectious trend compare with our previous study (2007 to 2009). This
result provide data base for manage way of protective parasite infection disease and
benefit is guide line to study prevalence of parasite epidemiology.
Materials and Methods
All of 7,947 cases were collected data from patients who suspected parasite infectious
during June, 2009 to February, 2012. Feces specimens were investigated genus and
species of parasite by simple direct smear examination (conventional method), 0.85%
normal saline (NSS) and 1% iodine. Furthermore confirm negative results from
conventional method by formaline-ethylacetate stool concentration technique.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45 43.2
28.8
7.2
0.8
2.4
4.8
0.8
3.2
5.6
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Blastocystis hominis
Strongyloides stercoralis
Giardia lamblia
Ascaris lumbricoides
Opisthorchis viverrini
Taenia spp.
Trichuris trichiura
Hookworm egg.
Trichomonas spp.
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba coli
Ecchinostoma spp.
Endolimax nana
0.68
0.45
0.11
0.08 0.09
0.01 0.01
0.65
0.22
0.2
0.05
0.08
0.03
0.05
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
Blastocystis
hominis
Strongyloides
stercoralis
Giardia
lamblia
Taenia spp. Trichomonas
spp.
Entamoeba
histolytica
Entamoeba
coli
2012
2009
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00 43.20
28.80
7.20
4.80 5.60
0.80 0.80
42.31
14.32
13.02
3.25 5.21
1.95
3.25
2012
2009
Results
Conclusion and discussion
Conclusion during June, 2009 to February, 2012 illustrated parasite infectious rate as 1.57% that slightly higher than the preriod of 2007 to 2009 (1.24%) in our
previous study B. hominis and S. stercoralis are still highly infection rate as 0.68 and 0.45%. Moreover G. lamblia and S. stercoralis demonstrated increase infectious rate
as 5 and 2 folds which higher than our previous study. This study indicated parasite waterborne transmission disease need to intensive monitoring for searching way to
break down parasite spread and planning in the future.
References
Blastocystis hominis Strongyloides stercoralis Hookworm
Ecchinostoma spp. Giardia lamblia
Stool amount 1 g.
filtrated
Mixed with 10 ml. of NSS
Centrifuged at 2,000 rpm 2 min
Fixed feces sediment with 8 ml. of 10%
formalin
Filled 2 ml of ethylacetate
Shacked 30 sec
Centrifuged at 2000 rpm 2 min
กฤษฎา ศิริสภาภรณ์ และ พลากร พุทธรักษ์. สถานการณ์การพบเชื้อปรสิตหนอนพยาธิและโปรโตซัวที่ก่อโรคในผู้ป่วยที่เข้ารับการรักษา ณ โรงพยาบาลธรรมศาสตร์เฉลิมพระเกียรติ จ.ปทุมธานี ช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2550 ถึง พ.ศ.
2552. วารสารเทคนิคการแพทย์ ปีที่ 33 ฉบับที่1 2552, 144
Rhongbutsri P. Seasonal Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among Patients Attending Thammasat Chalermprakiat Hospital, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. J Trop Med Parasitol 2005;28:39-42.
1% iodine + 0.85% NSS
Formaline-ethylacetate
stool cencentration
Technique
Simple direct smear
(conventional method)
Figure 1. Illustrated commonly pathogenic parasites were found
in this study.
Graph 1. Illustrated comparative trend of parasites infection rate
in 2012 with 2009 years.
Graph 2. Illustrated comparative species of
parasites infection rate in 2012 with 2009 years.
Percentparasiteinfectionrate(%)
Percentparasiteinfection(%)
Graph 3. Illustrated percent of
parasite species infected patients
in 2012 years.
Percentparasiteinfection(%)
Observed under microscope
Observed under microscope
Key words : trend, epidemiology, infection rate, parasite, stool examination