SlideShare a Scribd company logo
National Education
Commission (1964-1966)
(Kothari Commission)
Garima Bhati
Assistant Professor
Institute of Teacher’s Education
Faridabad, Haryana
INTRODUCATION
National Education Commission
(1964-1966), popularly known
as Kothari Commission, was an ad
hoc commission set up by
the Government of India to examine
all aspects of the educational sector in
India, to develop a general pattern of
education, and to recommend
guidelines and policies for the
development of education in India.
National Education
Commission (1964-1966)
It was formed on 14 July 1964 under the
chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari, then
chairman of the University Grants
Commission. The terms of reference of the
commission was to formulate the general
principles and guidelines for the development
of education from primary level to the highest
and advise the government on a
standardized national pattern of education in
India. However, the medical and legal studies
were excluded from the purview of the
commission. The tenancy of the commission
was from 1964 to 1966 and the report was
submitted by the commission on 29 June
1966.
Structure
The commission, under the
chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari,
was the sixth commission in India post
independence and the first commission
with comprehensive terms of reference
on education. It was composed of a
member secretary, an associate
secretary and fifteen members . Apart
from the core group, the commission had
a panel of overseas consultants
numbering twenty and nineteen task
forces, their sub groups and special
panels of invitees.
Task Forces
The main front line activities were
handled by nineteen task forces or
working groups, each handling a
specific area of activity:
 Adult Education
 Agriculture Education
 Educational Administration
 Educational Finance
 Higher Education
Task Forces
 Manpower
 Techniques and Methods in Education
 Professional, Vocational and
Technical Education
 Science Education
 School Education
 Student Welfare
 Teacher Education and Teacher
Status
Working Groups
 Educational Buildings
 Education of the Backward Classes
 Educational Statistics
 Pre-Primary Education
 School Community Relations
 School Curriculum
 Women's Education
Report
9000 individuals covering educators, scholars
and scientists were interviewed and 2400
memorandums were examined by the
commission, during a period spanning 21
months .The commission submitted its 287-
page report on 29 June 1966 to M. C.
Chagla, the then minister of education.The
report had four sub sections:
 Section I : General issues
 Section II : Stages of Education
 Section III : Recommendations and
programmes
 Section IV : Additional papers
Main recommendations
One of the main recommendations of the
commission was the standardization of
educational system on 10+2+3 pattern, across
the country. It advised that the pre-primary
education which had different names such
as kindergarten, Montessori and pre-basic
should be renamed as pre-primary and the
primary education (renamed as lower primary) to
be up to the 4th standard. It further classified the
schooling as upper primary or higher primary and
high school (up to standard X). The under
graduate education was identified as XI and XII
standards under the name, higher secondary or
pre university. The graduate studies were
recommended to be standardized as a three-
year course.
Main recommendations
The commission recommended that a
common public education system
should be introduced and then it
should be vocationalized in general
and special streams by introducing
work experience as a part of
education. It further stressed on the
need to make work experience and
social/national service as an integral
part of education.
Main recommendations
The days of instruction were
recommended to be increased to 234
for schools and 216 for colleges and
the working hours to be fixed at not
less than 1000 hours per academic
year, preferably higher at 1100 or
1200 hours. It also advised for
reduction of national holidays
Main recommendations
Linking of colleges to a number of
schools in the neighborhood,
utilization of school facilities 8 hours a
day all through the year, establishment
of book banks, identification of talents
and provision of scholarships, setting
up of day study and residential
facilities and opportunities for students
to earn while studying were some of
the other recommendations of the
commission.
Main recommendations
Commission laid stress on women education
and advised setting up of state and central
level committees for overseeing women
education. It suggested establishing schools
and hostels for women and urged to identify
ways to find job opportunities for women in
the educational sector. Focusing on
equalization of opportunities to all irrespective
of caste, religion and gender and to achieve
social and national integration, the schools
were advised to provide education to
backward classes on a priority basis and the
minimum level of enrollment at a secondary
school were advised to be not less than 360
every year
Main recommendations
Lower primary level (1 to 4):
 One language (regional)
 Mathematical studies
 Environmental studies
 Creative studies
 Health studies
 Work experience
Main recommendations
Higher primary level (5 to 8):
 Two languages (one regional and one
national) and preferably a third language
 Mathematical studies
 Science studies
 Social studies
 Art
 Physical education
 Work experience
 Moral studies
Main recommendations
Lower secondary level (IX and X):
 Three languages
 Mathematical studies
 Science studies
 Social studies
 Art
 Physical education
 Work experience
 Moral studies
Main recommendations
Higher secondary level (XI and XII):
 Two languages (one modern Indian language
and one classical or foreign language)
 Any three subjects from (a) one additional
language, (b) History (c) Economics (d) Logic
(e) geography (f) psychology (g) sociology (h)
art (i) physics (j) chemistry (k) mathematics (l)
biology (m) geology (n) home science
 Art
 Physical education
 Work experience
 Moral studies
Main recommendations
It also recommended the establishment
of guidance and counseling centers and
a new approach in the evaluation of
student performances. The commission
suggested the neighborhood
school system without social or religious
segregation and a school complex
system integrating primary and
secondary levels of education. It put
forward the suggestion that state and
national boards of examination be set up
and state level evaluation machinery be
put in place.
Main recommendations
The commission recommended the
establishment of Indian Education Service,
along the lines of Indian Administrative
Service, to bring in professional management
to education sector. It proposed
standardization and revision of the pay scales
of the teaching, non teaching and
administrative staff and prescribed minimum
pay levels based on their locations. The
minimum scale was suggested to be in the
ratio of 1:2:3 for teachers in the primary,
secondary and higher levels of educational
sector.
Main recommendations
Another proposal was for the
establishment of a machinery for
continuous on job training of the teaching
staff and for efforts to raise the status of
the teachers to attract talents into the
profession.It urged laws to be passed to
legalize the educational standards and
the educational expenditure to be raised
from the then level of 2.9 percent of the
GDP to 6 percent, to be achieved by the
fiscal year, 1985–86.
23 recommendations of
Kothari Commission
1.Defects in the existing system of education
according to Indian education commission.
2.Aims of education according to Indian
education commission.
3.Recommendation of Indian education
commission on Educational structures and
standards.
4.Recommendation of Indian education
commission on Curriculum.
5.Recommendation of Indian education
commission on Textbook.
6.Recommendation of Indian education
commission on Methods of teaching.
23 recommendations of
Kothari Commission
7.Recommendation of Indian education commission
on Guidance and counselling.
8.Recommendation of Indian education
commission Regarding problems of supervision and
inspection.
9.Recommendation of Indian education commission
on Problems of administration.
10.Recommendation of Indian education commission
on Physical welfare of students.
11.Recommendation of Indian education commission
on Evaluation.
12.Recommendation of Indian education commission
on Adult education.
13.Recommendation of Indian education commission
on Teacher education.
23 recommendations of
Kothari Commission
14.Recommendation of Indian education commission
on Three (3) language formula.
15.Recommendation on Moral and religion education
16.Recommendation on Education of women.
17.Recommendation on vocational Education.
18. Recommendation on Work experience.
19.Recommendation on Distance Education.
20. Recommendation on Aims objectives and functions
of university.
21. Recommendation on Enrollment in Higher
Education.
22.Recommendation on Selective Admission.
23.Recommendation on University Autonomy.
CONCLUSION
Formulation of a National Policy on
Education was one of the important
recommendations of the commission and in
1968, the fourth Lok Sabha elected to office in
1967 under the leadership of Indira Gandhi,
passed the bill .The policy covered many
recommendations of the Kothari Commission
such as free and compulsory education, Status
and pay scale revision of teachers, equalization
of educational opportunity and science
education. Kothari commission, fourth education
commission in the independent India, and its
recommendations are also reported to have
influenced the 1986 revision of the National
Policy on Education by the Rajiv Gandhi ministry.
Indian Education Commission 1964-66 (Kothari Commission).pptx

More Related Content

What's hot

Concept of cte
Concept of cteConcept of cte
Concept of cte
DR SARITA SHARMA
 
Language policy pre and post independent India
Language policy pre and post independent IndiaLanguage policy pre and post independent India
Language policy pre and post independent India
Thanavathi C
 
WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854
WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854
WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854
UfraShahidkhan
 
rabindranath tagore on education
rabindranath tagore on educationrabindranath tagore on education
rabindranath tagore on educationKamya Thakur
 
teacher education,NPE
teacher education,NPEteacher education,NPE
teacher education,NPE
NeemaKr
 
Secondary education commission
Secondary education commissionSecondary education commission
National policy of education 1986
National policy of education 1986National policy of education 1986
National policy of education 1986
sudha pandeya/pathak
 
Hunter commission 1882-1883
Hunter commission 1882-1883Hunter commission 1882-1883
Hunter commission 1882-1883
Vipin Shukla
 
Programme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.Thanavathi
Programme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.ThanavathiProgramme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.Thanavathi
Programme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.Thanavathi
Thanavathi C
 
Indian education commission
Indian education commissionIndian education commission
Indian education commission
Aliya Aftab
 
National curriculum framework 2005
National curriculum framework 2005National curriculum framework 2005
National curriculum framework 2005
Ramakanta Mohalik
 
Ncfte 2009
Ncfte 2009Ncfte 2009
Ncfte 2009
Arnab Bhattacharya
 
kamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murti
kamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murtikamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murti
kamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murtiKamya Thakur
 
Recommendations of Kothari Commission
Recommendations of Kothari CommissionRecommendations of Kothari Commission
Recommendations of Kothari Commission
Thanavathi C
 
Sadler commssion
Sadler commssionSadler commssion
Sadler commssion
RIYAS PERAL
 
Indian University Commission 1902
Indian University Commission 1902Indian University Commission 1902
Indian University Commission 1902
Hathib KK
 
National policy on education
National policy on educationNational policy on education
National policy on education
nazam preet
 
Kothari commission 1964 - 66
Kothari commission  1964 - 66Kothari commission  1964 - 66
Kothari commission 1964 - 66
Asimananda Mahato
 
GANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptx
GANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptxGANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptx
GANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptx
MonojitGope
 
Kothari Commission.pdf
Kothari Commission.pdfKothari Commission.pdf
Kothari Commission.pdf
Pratibha Sagar
 

What's hot (20)

Concept of cte
Concept of cteConcept of cte
Concept of cte
 
Language policy pre and post independent India
Language policy pre and post independent IndiaLanguage policy pre and post independent India
Language policy pre and post independent India
 
WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854
WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854
WOOD'S DESPATCH 1854
 
rabindranath tagore on education
rabindranath tagore on educationrabindranath tagore on education
rabindranath tagore on education
 
teacher education,NPE
teacher education,NPEteacher education,NPE
teacher education,NPE
 
Secondary education commission
Secondary education commissionSecondary education commission
Secondary education commission
 
National policy of education 1986
National policy of education 1986National policy of education 1986
National policy of education 1986
 
Hunter commission 1882-1883
Hunter commission 1882-1883Hunter commission 1882-1883
Hunter commission 1882-1883
 
Programme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.Thanavathi
Programme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.ThanavathiProgramme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.Thanavathi
Programme of Action 1992 by Dr.C.Thanavathi
 
Indian education commission
Indian education commissionIndian education commission
Indian education commission
 
National curriculum framework 2005
National curriculum framework 2005National curriculum framework 2005
National curriculum framework 2005
 
Ncfte 2009
Ncfte 2009Ncfte 2009
Ncfte 2009
 
kamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murti
kamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murtikamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murti
kamya s ppt on jiduu krishna murti
 
Recommendations of Kothari Commission
Recommendations of Kothari CommissionRecommendations of Kothari Commission
Recommendations of Kothari Commission
 
Sadler commssion
Sadler commssionSadler commssion
Sadler commssion
 
Indian University Commission 1902
Indian University Commission 1902Indian University Commission 1902
Indian University Commission 1902
 
National policy on education
National policy on educationNational policy on education
National policy on education
 
Kothari commission 1964 - 66
Kothari commission  1964 - 66Kothari commission  1964 - 66
Kothari commission 1964 - 66
 
GANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptx
GANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptxGANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptx
GANDHIJI BASIC EDUCATION(1937).pptx
 
Kothari Commission.pdf
Kothari Commission.pdfKothari Commission.pdf
Kothari Commission.pdf
 

Similar to Indian Education Commission 1964-66 (Kothari Commission).pptx

KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)
KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)
KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)
MoniRawat3
 
National policies of Education, an overview
National policies of Education, an overviewNational policies of Education, an overview
National policies of Education, an overview
Vandana Thakur
 
DOC-20230731-WA0011..pdf
DOC-20230731-WA0011..pdfDOC-20230731-WA0011..pdf
DOC-20230731-WA0011..pdf
sreelekshmipu1
 
Kothari commission
Kothari commissionKothari commission
Kothari commission
Banaras Hindu University
 
The university education commission (1948 49)
The university education commission (1948 49)The university education commission (1948 49)
The university education commission (1948 49)
fathimakk
 
Educational Policies in India.pdf
Educational Policies in India.pdfEducational Policies in India.pdf
Educational Policies in India.pdf
DrSachinSakhare1
 
Major reccommendations of kothari commission
Major reccommendations of kothari commissionMajor reccommendations of kothari commission
Major reccommendations of kothari commission
GRACESJ
 
Unit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIA
Unit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIAUnit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIA
Unit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIA
Thanavathi C
 
KOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptx
KOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptxKOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptx
KOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptx
MonojitGope
 
Elementary
ElementaryElementary
Elementary
sushiaaron
 
Elementary
ElementaryElementary
Elementary
sushiaaron
 
Elementary
ElementaryElementary
Elementary
sushiaaron
 
Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14
netraJyotinaikar
 
Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14
jyotiakki
 
Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66
Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66
Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66
Kishan Mali
 
Education commission 1964-66
Education commission 1964-66Education commission 1964-66
Education commission 1964-66
josesheba
 
Education_Commission_1964-66.pdf
Education_Commission_1964-66.pdfEducation_Commission_1964-66.pdf
Education_Commission_1964-66.pdf
Waheeda Bushra
 
New microsoft word document (2)
New microsoft word document (2)New microsoft word document (2)
New microsoft word document (2)helal_uddin
 
Teacher education.pptx
Teacher education.pptxTeacher education.pptx
Teacher education.pptx
Elufer Akram
 
Education Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptx
Education Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptxEducation Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptx
Education Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptx
National Academy for Primary Education (NAPE)
 

Similar to Indian Education Commission 1964-66 (Kothari Commission).pptx (20)

KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)
KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)
KOTHARI COMMISSION(1964-1966)
 
National policies of Education, an overview
National policies of Education, an overviewNational policies of Education, an overview
National policies of Education, an overview
 
DOC-20230731-WA0011..pdf
DOC-20230731-WA0011..pdfDOC-20230731-WA0011..pdf
DOC-20230731-WA0011..pdf
 
Kothari commission
Kothari commissionKothari commission
Kothari commission
 
The university education commission (1948 49)
The university education commission (1948 49)The university education commission (1948 49)
The university education commission (1948 49)
 
Educational Policies in India.pdf
Educational Policies in India.pdfEducational Policies in India.pdf
Educational Policies in India.pdf
 
Major reccommendations of kothari commission
Major reccommendations of kothari commissionMajor reccommendations of kothari commission
Major reccommendations of kothari commission
 
Unit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIA
Unit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIAUnit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIA
Unit vi POLICY FRAMEWORKS ON EDUCATION: POST INDEPENDENT INDIA
 
KOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptx
KOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptxKOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptx
KOTHARI COMMISSION REPORT.pptx
 
Elementary
ElementaryElementary
Elementary
 
Elementary
ElementaryElementary
Elementary
 
Elementary
ElementaryElementary
Elementary
 
Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14
 
Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14Netra roll no 14
Netra roll no 14
 
Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66
Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66
Ppt on kothari commission 1964-66
 
Education commission 1964-66
Education commission 1964-66Education commission 1964-66
Education commission 1964-66
 
Education_Commission_1964-66.pdf
Education_Commission_1964-66.pdfEducation_Commission_1964-66.pdf
Education_Commission_1964-66.pdf
 
New microsoft word document (2)
New microsoft word document (2)New microsoft word document (2)
New microsoft word document (2)
 
Teacher education.pptx
Teacher education.pptxTeacher education.pptx
Teacher education.pptx
 
Education Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptx
Education Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptxEducation Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptx
Education Commission & Primary Education of Bangladesh.pptx
 

More from GarimaBhati5

QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptx
QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptxQUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptx
QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptx
GarimaBhati5
 
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptxEducation of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
GarimaBhati5
 
Depression
DepressionDepression
Depression
GarimaBhati5
 
Why do women need stronger boundaries
Why do women need stronger boundariesWhy do women need stronger boundaries
Why do women need stronger boundaries
GarimaBhati5
 
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
Continuous and Comprehensive EvaluationContinuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
GarimaBhati5
 
Evaluation in Education
Evaluation in EducationEvaluation in Education
Evaluation in Education
GarimaBhati5
 
Aggression
Aggression Aggression
Aggression
GarimaBhati5
 
Examination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for AssessmentExamination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for Assessment
GarimaBhati5
 
Environmental conservation,disaster management, first aid
Environmental conservation,disaster management, first aidEnvironmental conservation,disaster management, first aid
Environmental conservation,disaster management, first aid
GarimaBhati5
 

More from GarimaBhati5 (9)

QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptx
QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptxQUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptx
QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD.pptx
 
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptxEducation of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
Education of marginalized and socially disadvantages segments.pptx
 
Depression
DepressionDepression
Depression
 
Why do women need stronger boundaries
Why do women need stronger boundariesWhy do women need stronger boundaries
Why do women need stronger boundaries
 
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
Continuous and Comprehensive EvaluationContinuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation
 
Evaluation in Education
Evaluation in EducationEvaluation in Education
Evaluation in Education
 
Aggression
Aggression Aggression
Aggression
 
Examination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for AssessmentExamination as a tool for Assessment
Examination as a tool for Assessment
 
Environmental conservation,disaster management, first aid
Environmental conservation,disaster management, first aidEnvironmental conservation,disaster management, first aid
Environmental conservation,disaster management, first aid
 

Recently uploaded

Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxSynthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Pavel ( NSTU)
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
Jisc
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
EugeneSaldivar
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
BhavyaRajput3
 
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
CarlosHernanMontoyab2
 
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech RepublicPolish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Anna Sz.
 
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.pptThesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
EverAndrsGuerraGuerr
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
DeeptiGupta154
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MIRIAMSALINAS13
 
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdfHome assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya
 
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdfAdversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Po-Chuan Chen
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Special education needs
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Vikramjit Singh
 
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th SemesterGuidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Atul Kumar Singh
 
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxPalestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
RaedMohamed3
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Jheel Barad
 
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativeEmbracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Peter Windle
 
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdfUnit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Thiyagu K
 
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Ashokrao Mane college of Pharmacy Peth-Vadgaon
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
JosvitaDsouza2
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxSynthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
 
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
678020731-Sumas-y-Restas-Para-Colorear.pdf
 
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech RepublicPolish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
Polish students' mobility in the Czech Republic
 
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.pptThesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
 
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with MechanismOverview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
 
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdfHome assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
 
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdfAdversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
 
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
 
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and ResearchDigital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
 
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th SemesterGuidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
Guidance_and_Counselling.pdf B.Ed. 4th Semester
 
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxPalestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptx
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
 
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativeEmbracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic Imperative
 
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdfUnit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I).pdf
 
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
Biological Screening of Herbal Drugs in detailed.
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
 

Indian Education Commission 1964-66 (Kothari Commission).pptx

  • 1. National Education Commission (1964-1966) (Kothari Commission) Garima Bhati Assistant Professor Institute of Teacher’s Education Faridabad, Haryana
  • 2. INTRODUCATION National Education Commission (1964-1966), popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India, to develop a general pattern of education, and to recommend guidelines and policies for the development of education in India.
  • 3. National Education Commission (1964-1966) It was formed on 14 July 1964 under the chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari, then chairman of the University Grants Commission. The terms of reference of the commission was to formulate the general principles and guidelines for the development of education from primary level to the highest and advise the government on a standardized national pattern of education in India. However, the medical and legal studies were excluded from the purview of the commission. The tenancy of the commission was from 1964 to 1966 and the report was submitted by the commission on 29 June 1966.
  • 4. Structure The commission, under the chairmanship of Daulat Singh Kothari, was the sixth commission in India post independence and the first commission with comprehensive terms of reference on education. It was composed of a member secretary, an associate secretary and fifteen members . Apart from the core group, the commission had a panel of overseas consultants numbering twenty and nineteen task forces, their sub groups and special panels of invitees.
  • 5. Task Forces The main front line activities were handled by nineteen task forces or working groups, each handling a specific area of activity:  Adult Education  Agriculture Education  Educational Administration  Educational Finance  Higher Education
  • 6. Task Forces  Manpower  Techniques and Methods in Education  Professional, Vocational and Technical Education  Science Education  School Education  Student Welfare  Teacher Education and Teacher Status
  • 7. Working Groups  Educational Buildings  Education of the Backward Classes  Educational Statistics  Pre-Primary Education  School Community Relations  School Curriculum  Women's Education
  • 8. Report 9000 individuals covering educators, scholars and scientists were interviewed and 2400 memorandums were examined by the commission, during a period spanning 21 months .The commission submitted its 287- page report on 29 June 1966 to M. C. Chagla, the then minister of education.The report had four sub sections:  Section I : General issues  Section II : Stages of Education  Section III : Recommendations and programmes  Section IV : Additional papers
  • 9. Main recommendations One of the main recommendations of the commission was the standardization of educational system on 10+2+3 pattern, across the country. It advised that the pre-primary education which had different names such as kindergarten, Montessori and pre-basic should be renamed as pre-primary and the primary education (renamed as lower primary) to be up to the 4th standard. It further classified the schooling as upper primary or higher primary and high school (up to standard X). The under graduate education was identified as XI and XII standards under the name, higher secondary or pre university. The graduate studies were recommended to be standardized as a three- year course.
  • 10. Main recommendations The commission recommended that a common public education system should be introduced and then it should be vocationalized in general and special streams by introducing work experience as a part of education. It further stressed on the need to make work experience and social/national service as an integral part of education.
  • 11. Main recommendations The days of instruction were recommended to be increased to 234 for schools and 216 for colleges and the working hours to be fixed at not less than 1000 hours per academic year, preferably higher at 1100 or 1200 hours. It also advised for reduction of national holidays
  • 12. Main recommendations Linking of colleges to a number of schools in the neighborhood, utilization of school facilities 8 hours a day all through the year, establishment of book banks, identification of talents and provision of scholarships, setting up of day study and residential facilities and opportunities for students to earn while studying were some of the other recommendations of the commission.
  • 13. Main recommendations Commission laid stress on women education and advised setting up of state and central level committees for overseeing women education. It suggested establishing schools and hostels for women and urged to identify ways to find job opportunities for women in the educational sector. Focusing on equalization of opportunities to all irrespective of caste, religion and gender and to achieve social and national integration, the schools were advised to provide education to backward classes on a priority basis and the minimum level of enrollment at a secondary school were advised to be not less than 360 every year
  • 14. Main recommendations Lower primary level (1 to 4):  One language (regional)  Mathematical studies  Environmental studies  Creative studies  Health studies  Work experience
  • 15. Main recommendations Higher primary level (5 to 8):  Two languages (one regional and one national) and preferably a third language  Mathematical studies  Science studies  Social studies  Art  Physical education  Work experience  Moral studies
  • 16. Main recommendations Lower secondary level (IX and X):  Three languages  Mathematical studies  Science studies  Social studies  Art  Physical education  Work experience  Moral studies
  • 17. Main recommendations Higher secondary level (XI and XII):  Two languages (one modern Indian language and one classical or foreign language)  Any three subjects from (a) one additional language, (b) History (c) Economics (d) Logic (e) geography (f) psychology (g) sociology (h) art (i) physics (j) chemistry (k) mathematics (l) biology (m) geology (n) home science  Art  Physical education  Work experience  Moral studies
  • 18. Main recommendations It also recommended the establishment of guidance and counseling centers and a new approach in the evaluation of student performances. The commission suggested the neighborhood school system without social or religious segregation and a school complex system integrating primary and secondary levels of education. It put forward the suggestion that state and national boards of examination be set up and state level evaluation machinery be put in place.
  • 19. Main recommendations The commission recommended the establishment of Indian Education Service, along the lines of Indian Administrative Service, to bring in professional management to education sector. It proposed standardization and revision of the pay scales of the teaching, non teaching and administrative staff and prescribed minimum pay levels based on their locations. The minimum scale was suggested to be in the ratio of 1:2:3 for teachers in the primary, secondary and higher levels of educational sector.
  • 20. Main recommendations Another proposal was for the establishment of a machinery for continuous on job training of the teaching staff and for efforts to raise the status of the teachers to attract talents into the profession.It urged laws to be passed to legalize the educational standards and the educational expenditure to be raised from the then level of 2.9 percent of the GDP to 6 percent, to be achieved by the fiscal year, 1985–86.
  • 21. 23 recommendations of Kothari Commission 1.Defects in the existing system of education according to Indian education commission. 2.Aims of education according to Indian education commission. 3.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Educational structures and standards. 4.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Curriculum. 5.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Textbook. 6.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Methods of teaching.
  • 22. 23 recommendations of Kothari Commission 7.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Guidance and counselling. 8.Recommendation of Indian education commission Regarding problems of supervision and inspection. 9.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Problems of administration. 10.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Physical welfare of students. 11.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Evaluation. 12.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Adult education. 13.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Teacher education.
  • 23. 23 recommendations of Kothari Commission 14.Recommendation of Indian education commission on Three (3) language formula. 15.Recommendation on Moral and religion education 16.Recommendation on Education of women. 17.Recommendation on vocational Education. 18. Recommendation on Work experience. 19.Recommendation on Distance Education. 20. Recommendation on Aims objectives and functions of university. 21. Recommendation on Enrollment in Higher Education. 22.Recommendation on Selective Admission. 23.Recommendation on University Autonomy.
  • 24. CONCLUSION Formulation of a National Policy on Education was one of the important recommendations of the commission and in 1968, the fourth Lok Sabha elected to office in 1967 under the leadership of Indira Gandhi, passed the bill .The policy covered many recommendations of the Kothari Commission such as free and compulsory education, Status and pay scale revision of teachers, equalization of educational opportunity and science education. Kothari commission, fourth education commission in the independent India, and its recommendations are also reported to have influenced the 1986 revision of the National Policy on Education by the Rajiv Gandhi ministry.