Recommendations of Kothari commission

1. EDUCATION COMMISSION 1964-66
(KOTHARI COMMISSION /
INDIAN EDUCATION)
DR.C.THANAVATHI
Department of History Education
V.O.C.C.E.
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2. Previous committee ………
National women education committee ( 1959 )
by Shreemati durgabai deshmukh
Hansha mehta committee ( 1961 ) by Hansha mehta
Bhakta Vatsalam committee (1963) by Sree Bhakta
Vatsalam ( C.M of Madras)
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3. Chairman : Dr D.S.Kothari, the then Chairman of
University Grants Commission.
The fourth commission in post-independent India.
Government Resolution setting up the Education
Commission on July 14, 1964
began its task on October 2,1964 and submitted its
report to the Government on June 29,1966.
Report entitled- Education and National Development
17members in which 5 foreign experts from countries
such as USA, U.K, USSR, France and Japan.
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4. FEATURES:
1) It tried to cover every field and aspect of the entire
educational system.
2) Its firm belief that education is the most powerful
instrument of national development.
The opening sentence of the commission, the
destiny of India is being shaped in her classrooms,
denotes the value of education that determine the level
of prosperity, welfare and future of the country.
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5. MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS
1) AIMS OF EDUCATION
Education should be related to the life, needs and
aspirations of the people so that the national objectives may
be achieved.
(a) Education for increasing productivity
Make science education an integral part of school course.
Work experience
Vocational education to meet the needs of industry,
commerce, agriculture etc.
Improvement of scientific and technical education and
research at the university stage.
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6. (b) Education for social and national integration
Common school system
Social service programmes
Teaching of languages, literature, philosophy and history
of India.
(C) Education for modernization
Adopting new methods of teaching.
Proper development of intrinsic attitudes and values and
building essential skills like independent training.
Emphasizing teaching of vocational subjects and science.
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7. (d) Development of Democracy
The success of democracy depends on the
enlightened citizenship and enlightened citizenship is
based on the education of the masses. Education is the
most powerful instrument to make the people aware of
their rights and responsibilities.
(e) Cultivation of social, moral and spiritual values
Education system should emphasize the development of
fundamental, social, moral and spiritual values.
The commission recommended the study of major
religions of the world.
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8. 2) EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE AND STANDARD
General education should last for a period of 10 years.( 4
years lower primary, 3 years of higher primary and 3 years
of lower secondary education).
Prior to general education, pre-primary education should
also be given.
The theme of higher secondary education should be fixed
for 2 years.
After degree course there should be a post graduate course
of three years. The graduate course should be extended
from two to three years.
The number of instructional days in a year should be
increased to about 234(39weeks) for schools and 216 (36
weeks)for colleges and pre-primary schools.
Holidays should be minimized. No need to close an
educational institution on a religious holiday.
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9. 3) TEACHER STATUS
It is necessary to improve the economic, social and
professional status of the teachers.
The scale of pay of teachers of Government and non-
Government schools should be the same.
A State Board of Teachers’ Education should be
established in each state.
The period of training of teachers with secondary course
should be two years. The course of M.Ed should be 1-1/2
years.
The Teachers of the training colleges should have two
degrees namely, the Master’s Degree and Degree in
Education
The students of the training institutions should be given free
education.
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10. 4) CURRICULUM
Lower Primary- One language: Mother tongue or
regional language. Mathematics, Study of environment,
Creative activities, Work Experience, Health Education
etc.
Higher Primary- Two languages: Mother tongue or
regional language, Hindi or English.
Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, Art, Work
Experience, Social Service, Physical Education,
Education in moral and spiritual values etc.
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11. Lower Secondary- Three languages: In non-Hindi speaking areas
:Mother tongue or regional language, Hindi in higher or lower
standard, English in higher or lower standard. In Hindi
speaking areas: Mother tongue or regional language, English or
Hindi, One modern Indian language besides Hindi.
Mathematics, Science, Art, Work Experience, Physical
Education, Education of moral and spiritual values, Civics,
History, Geography etc.
Higher Secondary-Any two languages, which should include any
modern Indian language, any modern foreign language and any
classical language.
Any three subjects to be selected from the following:
One additional language, History, Geography, Economics,
Logic, Psychology, Art, Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology,
Home Science, Work Experience, Physical Education, Arts and
Crafts, Education in moral and spiritual values etc.
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12. OTHER MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS…
Minimum scales of pay for teachers
Retirement age
Maximum utilisation of school facilities
College to be related to a number of schools
Free textbooks at the primary stage
Adequate number of scholarships
Residential facilities in schools
Education of the handicapped
Education of the backward classes
Freedom to schools for experimental curricula
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13. Establishment of school complexes
The Indian Education Service
Co-curricular activities
Guidance and counselling
Evaluation
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14. RECOMMENDATION OF KOTHARI COMMISSION
ON EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY
Equal opportunity to all ( Caste, Religious,
Gender etc )
Providing free education upto H.S
Primary pay stop
providing free education for lower secondary
level
Distribute book, playing kit free of cost
H.S & university education free for quality
student
Book bank in M.P & H.S school
Library & sufficient book
Scholarship
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15. RECOMENDATION OF KOTHARI
COMMISSION ON THE EDUCATION
OF BACKWARD CLASSES
Establish of residential school and employment
residential teacher
Apply local language for teaching
Hostel facility
Providing tuition ( up to university )
Financial helping ( backward classes )
Arrangement Teacher training
Providing vocational education
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16. RECOMENDATION OF KOTHARI
COMMISSION ON WOMEN
EDUCATION
Organization of committee for women education
(central, state)
Establishment of women school
Establishment of women hostel
Arrangement of equal curriculum
Providing occupational scope for women
Arrangement of fine Arts
Not mandatory of home science
Full time recruitment ( married women )
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17. CONT……..
Expectancy of ratio M.P 1:2 H.S 1:3
Encourage towards science subject
Arrangement of vocational scope
Participation of women in various jobs
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18. CONCLUSION
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