The document provides guidelines for structuring KNX smart home and building automation projects, including:
1) Dividing projects into physical areas and lines based on the building structure, with each area and line segment needing its own power supply.
2) Assigning individual device addresses in a logical structure (e.g. by floor or function) for improved organization.
3) Creating a principal scheme or topology diagram of the planned installation to aid in commissioning and maintenance.
Kā izveidot viedu ēkas instlāciju, izmantojot KNXElektrumlv
This document provides an overview of KNX and bus systems for building automation. It discusses the goals of the KNX standard to define an open standard for intelligent homes and buildings. It compares conventional wiring systems to bus systems, noting that bus systems use one cable for information transmission, allowing logical connections between devices instead of physical wiring. The document outlines KNX configuration types, the ETS engineering software, interworking between devices from different manufacturers, common building functions controlled by KNX, and benefits of KNX such as flexibility, safety, comfort and cost efficiency. It provides examples of KNX bus line topology and connections, and cable installation guidelines.
01 Red de Distribucion de Energia Electrica.pdfJunReymonRey1
Este documento describe los componentes básicos de una red de distribución de energía eléctrica, incluyendo líneas eléctricas, centros de transformación, y equipos de protección y control. Explica la secuencia desde la generación de energía hasta su entrega a los consumidores, pasando por etapas de transmisión, distribución y transformación. Además, define términos clave relacionados con la operación y protección de una red de distribución.
This document discusses the vision and challenges of implementing smart grids with hierarchical DC-based microgrids. It describes a potential architecture with nanogrids and picogrids powered by a 380V DC main distribution bus. Key challenges discussed include the need for standardized DC voltage levels, reliable DC circuit breakers and buses, and distributed control schemes like droop control. Modeling and control of the complex nonlinear converter systems is also highlighted as an important area of further research.
This document provides an overview of congestion management in power systems. It discusses that congestion occurs when the physical or operational limits of the transmission network are reached. Congestion management aims to prioritize transactions to avoid overloading the network. It involves both precautionary actions by system operators to allow only transactions within limits, and remedial actions if congestion occurs in real-time due to unscheduled flows. The document then covers various congestion management methods including explicit auctions, implicit auctions, market splitting, counter trading, and re-dispatching. It compares the characteristics and examples of different market-based and non-market based approaches.
The document discusses India's restructuring of its power grid. It explains that India is undergoing power sector restructuring like other countries around the world. It then provides details on the components that make up the grid like transformers and circuit breakers. It discusses the need for restructuring due to financial constraints and the goal of improving efficiency. The document examines models used internationally and suggests the Transmission System Operator model is most suitable for India. It outlines features of the Electricity Act of 2003 that facilitates the restructuring.
Earth resistance is a key parameter in determining the efficiency of earthing systems. In this application note we look at the measurement of earth resistance.
After a description of some universal fundamentals (e.g. standards, error margins and the influence of the weather), various measurement methods are discussed. A common feature of all the methods is that they determine the earth impedance by measuring the voltage across the earthing system for a known test current. Apart from that, there is a wide degree of variation in the internal circuitry of the measuring instruments used and the layout and arrangement of the external measuring circuit. A major distinction can be made between methods that draw current directly from the supply, and those methods that don’t.
Each method has its own particular disadvantages such as limited applicability, electric shock hazard, larger measurement errors, or requiring more time and effort to complete. The various advantages and disadvantages of the individual measurement techniques are described in the final chapters of this application note.
The document provides an introduction to Alstom's Micom protective relays and their Agile software. It discusses the key features of Micom S1 Agile, including its integrated programmable curve tool and redundant Ethernet configuration. It also covers installing data models, creating a new project in S1 Agile, and configuring settings, programmable scheme logic (PSL), and MCL 61850 capabilities. The document is a training compilation on Micom protective relays and their S1 Agile configuration software.
The document provides information about a 132/33kV substation located in Minto Park, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. It summarizes that the substation receives 132kV supply from a nearby 220kV substation and contains four 40MVA transformers that step down the voltage to 33kV to supply 16 outgoing feeders. It includes a single line diagram of the substation and discusses some of the components used like lightning arrestors, current transformers, isolators, and circuit breakers. It also provides general information about substation classification and the steps involved in substation design, focusing on the importance of earthing and bonding systems.
Kā izveidot viedu ēkas instlāciju, izmantojot KNXElektrumlv
This document provides an overview of KNX and bus systems for building automation. It discusses the goals of the KNX standard to define an open standard for intelligent homes and buildings. It compares conventional wiring systems to bus systems, noting that bus systems use one cable for information transmission, allowing logical connections between devices instead of physical wiring. The document outlines KNX configuration types, the ETS engineering software, interworking between devices from different manufacturers, common building functions controlled by KNX, and benefits of KNX such as flexibility, safety, comfort and cost efficiency. It provides examples of KNX bus line topology and connections, and cable installation guidelines.
01 Red de Distribucion de Energia Electrica.pdfJunReymonRey1
Este documento describe los componentes básicos de una red de distribución de energía eléctrica, incluyendo líneas eléctricas, centros de transformación, y equipos de protección y control. Explica la secuencia desde la generación de energía hasta su entrega a los consumidores, pasando por etapas de transmisión, distribución y transformación. Además, define términos clave relacionados con la operación y protección de una red de distribución.
This document discusses the vision and challenges of implementing smart grids with hierarchical DC-based microgrids. It describes a potential architecture with nanogrids and picogrids powered by a 380V DC main distribution bus. Key challenges discussed include the need for standardized DC voltage levels, reliable DC circuit breakers and buses, and distributed control schemes like droop control. Modeling and control of the complex nonlinear converter systems is also highlighted as an important area of further research.
This document provides an overview of congestion management in power systems. It discusses that congestion occurs when the physical or operational limits of the transmission network are reached. Congestion management aims to prioritize transactions to avoid overloading the network. It involves both precautionary actions by system operators to allow only transactions within limits, and remedial actions if congestion occurs in real-time due to unscheduled flows. The document then covers various congestion management methods including explicit auctions, implicit auctions, market splitting, counter trading, and re-dispatching. It compares the characteristics and examples of different market-based and non-market based approaches.
The document discusses India's restructuring of its power grid. It explains that India is undergoing power sector restructuring like other countries around the world. It then provides details on the components that make up the grid like transformers and circuit breakers. It discusses the need for restructuring due to financial constraints and the goal of improving efficiency. The document examines models used internationally and suggests the Transmission System Operator model is most suitable for India. It outlines features of the Electricity Act of 2003 that facilitates the restructuring.
Earth resistance is a key parameter in determining the efficiency of earthing systems. In this application note we look at the measurement of earth resistance.
After a description of some universal fundamentals (e.g. standards, error margins and the influence of the weather), various measurement methods are discussed. A common feature of all the methods is that they determine the earth impedance by measuring the voltage across the earthing system for a known test current. Apart from that, there is a wide degree of variation in the internal circuitry of the measuring instruments used and the layout and arrangement of the external measuring circuit. A major distinction can be made between methods that draw current directly from the supply, and those methods that don’t.
Each method has its own particular disadvantages such as limited applicability, electric shock hazard, larger measurement errors, or requiring more time and effort to complete. The various advantages and disadvantages of the individual measurement techniques are described in the final chapters of this application note.
The document provides an introduction to Alstom's Micom protective relays and their Agile software. It discusses the key features of Micom S1 Agile, including its integrated programmable curve tool and redundant Ethernet configuration. It also covers installing data models, creating a new project in S1 Agile, and configuring settings, programmable scheme logic (PSL), and MCL 61850 capabilities. The document is a training compilation on Micom protective relays and their S1 Agile configuration software.
The document provides information about a 132/33kV substation located in Minto Park, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. It summarizes that the substation receives 132kV supply from a nearby 220kV substation and contains four 40MVA transformers that step down the voltage to 33kV to supply 16 outgoing feeders. It includes a single line diagram of the substation and discusses some of the components used like lightning arrestors, current transformers, isolators, and circuit breakers. It also provides general information about substation classification and the steps involved in substation design, focusing on the importance of earthing and bonding systems.
This document discusses gas insulated substations (GIS). It begins by defining substations and their purpose in the electric power system. It then discusses the classifications of substations and compares air insulated substations (AIS) to GIS. GIS use sulfur hexafluoride gas for insulation inside grounded metal enclosures, making them more compact than AIS. The document outlines the components, advantages, and operating conditions of GIS, noting they require less maintenance and space than AIS. It concludes with growth projections for the global GIS market.
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
132 KV Grid Station Intern ship training reportMuntazir Mehdi
1. The document summarizes Muntazir Mehdi's two-week internship training at the 132 KV Substation Kamalabad operated by IESCO in Pakistan.
2. It provides details about the substation's configuration, with two incoming 132 KV lines, and describes the various components used in substations including transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, bus bars, insulators, and protection relays.
3. The substation components are classified and their functions and characteristics are explained over the course of the 14-page report.
This document summarizes anti-islanding detection techniques for grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses unintentional and intentional islanding, standards for detection within 2 seconds, and detection methods including passive over/under voltage detection. Case studies show voltage and current responses with loads above and below PV power output. While over/under voltage detection fails when load matches output, detection is more likely under voltage as voltage change is greater during islanding. References on IEEE standards, UL standards, and anti-islanding algorithms are provided.
This presentation covers Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE). From the basics, to the market, standards, and trends, this presentation covers it all.
I have created this report for my final semester seminar at Poornima college of engineering Jaipur, electrical department. This report covers various chapters and other contents. feel free to download.
Note: some minor editsin format and a quick spelling check might be needed.
**content source is wikipedia and internet**
any thing you would like to suggest please let me know in the comments.
The document discusses open access regulation and grant of connectivity regulation in India. It provides definitions of open access, objectives of open access such as increasing competition and reducing losses. It describes the working process of open access involving generators, utilities, traders and consumers. It also outlines the types of open access transactions and various regulations issued over time in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2014 that govern open access.
- The document discusses protective relaying principles and applications, focusing on protective relays used to protect electric power systems.
- Protective relays are electric devices that detect abnormal or dangerous conditions on power systems and initiate a response, such as opening a circuit breaker. They work with circuit breakers, which provide the physical disconnect from the system when a fault is detected.
- The document reviews common types of protective relays, including electromechanical and solid-state designs, and examples of their application in substations. Protective relaying is important for maintaining service continuity and minimizing outage times when faults occur on power systems.
(1) FreeWire offers battery-integrated electric vehicle charging solutions that enable ultra-fast charging without costly grid upgrades. Their Boost Charger uses an integrated battery to store off-peak energy and discharge it to power rapid EV charging.
(2) Installing a Boost Charger is much lower cost than traditional chargers, which require extensive and expensive grid infrastructure upgrades. A Boost Charger can support charging 15+ vehicles per day while only taking up 1-2 parking spaces.
(3) Battery integration provides benefits like reduced demand charges, opportunities for lower driver fees, and easier installation in multi-unit dwelling and mixed-use development applications compared to standard chargers.
This document discusses how wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) can improve power system protection. WAMS consist of phasor measurement units and phasor data concentrators that provide time-synchronized measurements across a wide area. This allows monitoring of dynamic system states. The document outlines several ways WAMS can enhance protection schemes, including adaptive relay settings, improved backup protection supervision, intelligent underfrequency load shedding adapted to conditions, and adaptive out-of-step relaying to prevent system separation. The goals are to avoid inappropriate relay operations, manage wide area disturbances, and ensure an appropriate balance of security and dependability in protection schemes.
Application of Capacitors to Distribution System and Voltage RegulationAmeen San
Application of Capacitors to
Distribution System and Voltage
Regulation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT,
System Harmonics
Voltage Regulation
Methods of Voltage Control
This document discusses circuit breakers, including their purpose, construction, types, sizing and selection factors. It provides information on:
- Circuit breakers are used to protect electrical systems and people from faults and overloads. They have advantages over fuses in many applications.
- The main types discussed are miniature circuit breakers (MCB), moulded case circuit breakers (MCCB), earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCB), motor protection circuit breakers (MPCB) and air circuit breakers (ACB).
- Selection of a circuit breaker depends on the load magnitude and nature, as well as the system component being protected. Standards like rated current and short circuit capacity must
Now India is Implementing with Preference and Priority A Green Carbon Free Silent Road Transportation Electric Vehicle and Charging Infrastructure. To Charge These Vehicle we need more power and Separate Power Infrastructure to ensure Stable and Clean Power System with support 24X7 only possible with addition Solar PV Power Plant and High Energy Storage Power System adoption and Implements where demand is more that 1MW.
Our Broad Band and Telecom Signal should be Strong Signal and Fast response as and when require by System.
Ministry Of Urban Infra , Railways, Power , National Highway and Road Infra already advise all State and Central to offer Charging Facilities as per demand in the Market 3KM Radius Public Charging and 25KM Both side of Highways Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Charging 2/3/4 Wheeler Vehicle along with Passenger Buses and Heavy Fleet Electric Vehicles.
This Can be Charging Station or with Restaurant in Highways power demand may be 2.00MW-4.00MW .
Plz Find Attach latest presentation EV Charging Infra from Linkvue System Pvt Ltd Kindly go through .visit www.linkvuesystem.com
We are into Manufacturing , Supply ,Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Genuine and Right Products with supervision support for Installation .
Electrical Safety Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection
Net Working Solution LAN ,Fiber ,Wireless and GSM Solutions
Automation and Data Logger RTU's
Protocol Convertor and FO Convertors
CCTV .Fire Alarm ,Access Controls, Security Systems
Fencing PIDS
Industrial PLUG Socket IP 68 Out door up to 400 Amps
Electric Vehicle Charging Connectors and Harness
Solar MC4 Connectors with and Without Fuses
Plz Contact M-9811247237 Mahesh Chandra Manav
manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com.
Electricity Markets Regulation - Lesson 1 - Regulation General PrinciplesLeonardo ENERGY
1. The document summarizes key topics from a webinar on electricity market regulation, including the objectives of regulation to protect consumers and ensure fair industry participation.
2. It discusses areas of regulation like generation, transmission, distribution and retail supply. Methods of regulation include price controls, quality standards and incentive schemes.
3. Institutional questions are also covered, like the roles of different regulatory bodies and the importance of regulator independence.
The SIPROTEC 7SA522 relay provides full-scheme distance protection for transmission lines with various protection functions:
- Distance protection with 6 measuring systems using mho and quadrilateral characteristics for phase and ground faults.
- Additional functions include overcurrent, power swing, under/over voltage, auto-reclosing, breaker failure protection.
- It has communication interfaces for protection data exchange and integration into a control system via protocols like IEC 60870-5-103, PROFIBUS, DNP 3.0, Ethernet.
- The relay is suitable for cables and overhead lines with features like high-speed tripping, self-setting power swing detection, and adaptive auto-rec
Workshop on Instigators and Barriers to Renewable Energy Development and Deployment - 16 November 2015
Mr. Badr IKKEN
General Director of the Research Institute for Solar Energy and New Energies (IRESEN)
Research & Development in Morocco
Power Line Communication allows for data transmission over existing power lines. It has the potential to provide broadband internet access to every home or business through existing electrical wiring. There are two main types of Power Line Communication systems - narrowband PLC provides lower data rates for utilities, while broadband PLC enables higher data rates for services like voice, data, and video. Key components of a PLC system include modems, base stations, repeaters, and gateways. Communication is achieved using techniques like OFDM that are robust against noise on power lines. Medium access control and topologies must be designed to handle data transmission over the challenging power line channel. International standards guide the implementation of Power Line Communication networks.
Home control technology is growing and commonly uses the KNX protocol. This document contains a simple explanation of how to work with ETS applications. It discusses KNX as the world standard for building control, how it works with different physical layers and complies with international standards. It also describes ETS software for programming KNX devices and configuring applications in a step-by-step process.
The document provides information on using Synco devices with KNX bus connections. Key points include:
- Synco devices communicate with each other and third-party devices via the KNX bus using LTE or S-mode protocols.
- The KNX bus uses a twisted pair cable as the transmission medium to send configuration, operator, and process data.
- Addressing of devices uses an area, line, device structure and up to 64 devices can be on one line.
- Power for the KNX bus can come from decentralized control devices or central power supply units.
- Area and line couplers can be used to structure large networks into communication islands.
- IP routers connect KNX networks to IP
This document discusses gas insulated substations (GIS). It begins by defining substations and their purpose in the electric power system. It then discusses the classifications of substations and compares air insulated substations (AIS) to GIS. GIS use sulfur hexafluoride gas for insulation inside grounded metal enclosures, making them more compact than AIS. The document outlines the components, advantages, and operating conditions of GIS, noting they require less maintenance and space than AIS. It concludes with growth projections for the global GIS market.
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
132 KV Grid Station Intern ship training reportMuntazir Mehdi
1. The document summarizes Muntazir Mehdi's two-week internship training at the 132 KV Substation Kamalabad operated by IESCO in Pakistan.
2. It provides details about the substation's configuration, with two incoming 132 KV lines, and describes the various components used in substations including transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, bus bars, insulators, and protection relays.
3. The substation components are classified and their functions and characteristics are explained over the course of the 14-page report.
This document summarizes anti-islanding detection techniques for grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems. It discusses unintentional and intentional islanding, standards for detection within 2 seconds, and detection methods including passive over/under voltage detection. Case studies show voltage and current responses with loads above and below PV power output. While over/under voltage detection fails when load matches output, detection is more likely under voltage as voltage change is greater during islanding. References on IEEE standards, UL standards, and anti-islanding algorithms are provided.
This presentation covers Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE). From the basics, to the market, standards, and trends, this presentation covers it all.
I have created this report for my final semester seminar at Poornima college of engineering Jaipur, electrical department. This report covers various chapters and other contents. feel free to download.
Note: some minor editsin format and a quick spelling check might be needed.
**content source is wikipedia and internet**
any thing you would like to suggest please let me know in the comments.
The document discusses open access regulation and grant of connectivity regulation in India. It provides definitions of open access, objectives of open access such as increasing competition and reducing losses. It describes the working process of open access involving generators, utilities, traders and consumers. It also outlines the types of open access transactions and various regulations issued over time in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2014 that govern open access.
- The document discusses protective relaying principles and applications, focusing on protective relays used to protect electric power systems.
- Protective relays are electric devices that detect abnormal or dangerous conditions on power systems and initiate a response, such as opening a circuit breaker. They work with circuit breakers, which provide the physical disconnect from the system when a fault is detected.
- The document reviews common types of protective relays, including electromechanical and solid-state designs, and examples of their application in substations. Protective relaying is important for maintaining service continuity and minimizing outage times when faults occur on power systems.
(1) FreeWire offers battery-integrated electric vehicle charging solutions that enable ultra-fast charging without costly grid upgrades. Their Boost Charger uses an integrated battery to store off-peak energy and discharge it to power rapid EV charging.
(2) Installing a Boost Charger is much lower cost than traditional chargers, which require extensive and expensive grid infrastructure upgrades. A Boost Charger can support charging 15+ vehicles per day while only taking up 1-2 parking spaces.
(3) Battery integration provides benefits like reduced demand charges, opportunities for lower driver fees, and easier installation in multi-unit dwelling and mixed-use development applications compared to standard chargers.
This document discusses how wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) can improve power system protection. WAMS consist of phasor measurement units and phasor data concentrators that provide time-synchronized measurements across a wide area. This allows monitoring of dynamic system states. The document outlines several ways WAMS can enhance protection schemes, including adaptive relay settings, improved backup protection supervision, intelligent underfrequency load shedding adapted to conditions, and adaptive out-of-step relaying to prevent system separation. The goals are to avoid inappropriate relay operations, manage wide area disturbances, and ensure an appropriate balance of security and dependability in protection schemes.
Application of Capacitors to Distribution System and Voltage RegulationAmeen San
Application of Capacitors to
Distribution System and Voltage
Regulation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT,
System Harmonics
Voltage Regulation
Methods of Voltage Control
This document discusses circuit breakers, including their purpose, construction, types, sizing and selection factors. It provides information on:
- Circuit breakers are used to protect electrical systems and people from faults and overloads. They have advantages over fuses in many applications.
- The main types discussed are miniature circuit breakers (MCB), moulded case circuit breakers (MCCB), earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCB), motor protection circuit breakers (MPCB) and air circuit breakers (ACB).
- Selection of a circuit breaker depends on the load magnitude and nature, as well as the system component being protected. Standards like rated current and short circuit capacity must
Now India is Implementing with Preference and Priority A Green Carbon Free Silent Road Transportation Electric Vehicle and Charging Infrastructure. To Charge These Vehicle we need more power and Separate Power Infrastructure to ensure Stable and Clean Power System with support 24X7 only possible with addition Solar PV Power Plant and High Energy Storage Power System adoption and Implements where demand is more that 1MW.
Our Broad Band and Telecom Signal should be Strong Signal and Fast response as and when require by System.
Ministry Of Urban Infra , Railways, Power , National Highway and Road Infra already advise all State and Central to offer Charging Facilities as per demand in the Market 3KM Radius Public Charging and 25KM Both side of Highways Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Charging 2/3/4 Wheeler Vehicle along with Passenger Buses and Heavy Fleet Electric Vehicles.
This Can be Charging Station or with Restaurant in Highways power demand may be 2.00MW-4.00MW .
Plz Find Attach latest presentation EV Charging Infra from Linkvue System Pvt Ltd Kindly go through .visit www.linkvuesystem.com
We are into Manufacturing , Supply ,Design ,Engineering ,Selection of Genuine and Right Products with supervision support for Installation .
Electrical Safety Earthing ,Lightning and Surge Protection
Net Working Solution LAN ,Fiber ,Wireless and GSM Solutions
Automation and Data Logger RTU's
Protocol Convertor and FO Convertors
CCTV .Fire Alarm ,Access Controls, Security Systems
Fencing PIDS
Industrial PLUG Socket IP 68 Out door up to 400 Amps
Electric Vehicle Charging Connectors and Harness
Solar MC4 Connectors with and Without Fuses
Plz Contact M-9811247237 Mahesh Chandra Manav
manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com.
Electricity Markets Regulation - Lesson 1 - Regulation General PrinciplesLeonardo ENERGY
1. The document summarizes key topics from a webinar on electricity market regulation, including the objectives of regulation to protect consumers and ensure fair industry participation.
2. It discusses areas of regulation like generation, transmission, distribution and retail supply. Methods of regulation include price controls, quality standards and incentive schemes.
3. Institutional questions are also covered, like the roles of different regulatory bodies and the importance of regulator independence.
The SIPROTEC 7SA522 relay provides full-scheme distance protection for transmission lines with various protection functions:
- Distance protection with 6 measuring systems using mho and quadrilateral characteristics for phase and ground faults.
- Additional functions include overcurrent, power swing, under/over voltage, auto-reclosing, breaker failure protection.
- It has communication interfaces for protection data exchange and integration into a control system via protocols like IEC 60870-5-103, PROFIBUS, DNP 3.0, Ethernet.
- The relay is suitable for cables and overhead lines with features like high-speed tripping, self-setting power swing detection, and adaptive auto-rec
Workshop on Instigators and Barriers to Renewable Energy Development and Deployment - 16 November 2015
Mr. Badr IKKEN
General Director of the Research Institute for Solar Energy and New Energies (IRESEN)
Research & Development in Morocco
Power Line Communication allows for data transmission over existing power lines. It has the potential to provide broadband internet access to every home or business through existing electrical wiring. There are two main types of Power Line Communication systems - narrowband PLC provides lower data rates for utilities, while broadband PLC enables higher data rates for services like voice, data, and video. Key components of a PLC system include modems, base stations, repeaters, and gateways. Communication is achieved using techniques like OFDM that are robust against noise on power lines. Medium access control and topologies must be designed to handle data transmission over the challenging power line channel. International standards guide the implementation of Power Line Communication networks.
Home control technology is growing and commonly uses the KNX protocol. This document contains a simple explanation of how to work with ETS applications. It discusses KNX as the world standard for building control, how it works with different physical layers and complies with international standards. It also describes ETS software for programming KNX devices and configuring applications in a step-by-step process.
The document provides information on using Synco devices with KNX bus connections. Key points include:
- Synco devices communicate with each other and third-party devices via the KNX bus using LTE or S-mode protocols.
- The KNX bus uses a twisted pair cable as the transmission medium to send configuration, operator, and process data.
- Addressing of devices uses an area, line, device structure and up to 64 devices can be on one line.
- Power for the KNX bus can come from decentralized control devices or central power supply units.
- Area and line couplers can be used to structure large networks into communication islands.
- IP routers connect KNX networks to IP
Design and inplementation of hybrid cloud computing architecture based on clo...aish006
This slide is prepared by G.Aishwarya of Global Academy Of Technology, Bangalore, under the guidance of Miss. Gopika P(Asst. Professor), Global Academy Of Technology on 04/05/16, as part of 8th Semester, Technical Seminar of VTU curriculum for Computer Science and Engineering Department for 2010 Scheme.
Design and implementation of hybrid cloud computing architecture based on clo...aish006
This slide was made by Mr. G. Aishwarya, USN - 1GA12CS024 at Global Academy Of Technology , Bangalore., in his 8th semester as part of VTU curriculum for Computer Science and Engineering students persuing B.E, under the guidance of Miss. Gopika P(Asst. Professor) at Global Academy Of Technology , Bangalore.
PR-144: SqueezeNext: Hardware-Aware Neural Network DesignJinwon Lee
Tensorfkow-KR 논문읽기모임 PR12 144번째 논문 review입니다.
이번에는 Efficient CNN의 대표 중 하나인 SqueezeNext를 review해보았습니다. SqueezeNext의 전신인 SqueezeNet도 같이 review하였고, CNN을 평가하는 metric에 대한 논문인 NetScore에서 SqueezeNext가 1등을 하여 NetScore도 같이 review하였습니다.
논문링크:
SqueezeNext - https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.10615
SqueezeNet - https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.07360
NetScore - https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.05512
영상링크: https://youtu.be/WReWeADJ3Pw
PARTIAL PRODUCT ARRAY HEIGHT REDUCTION USING RADIX-16 FOR 64-BIT BOOTH MULTI...Hari M
PARTIAL PRODUCT ARRAY HEIGHT REDUCTION USING RADIX-16 FOR 64-BIT BOOTH MULTIPLIER:
Reduce the maximum height of the partial product columns to [n/4] for n = 64-bit unsigned
operand. This is in contrast to the conventional maximum height of [(n + 1)/4].
The multiplier algorithm is normally used for higher bit length applications and ordinary multiplier is good for lower order bits.
The document provides information on Synco devices that have KNX bus connections for communication. Key points include:
- The KNX bus allows Synco devices and third-party devices to communicate via logical addresses or group addresses.
- The basic KNX bus uses a cable with a single twisted wire pair. Area/line couplers and IP routers are used to extend network reach.
- A KNX network can be set up in a tree structure using area and line couplers to segment the network into communication islands.
This document describes a project to provide LTE coverage for forest surveillance over mountainous rural areas in Greece. The technical requests include checking for temperature/gas/fire alerts and video confirmations, using an all-in-one board architecture with autonomous solar or PoE power. The solution will connect sensor probes through LTE TDD at 3.6 GHz to a main server using a C-RAN architecture with Huawei equipment. TTI bundling will be activated to improve performance at the cell edge.
The document discusses Tri-State G&T's project to implement a new GIS and circuit management system using Schneider Electric's Fiber Manager software. It introduces the presenters and provides an overview of Tri-State's large telecom network and business needs. The presentation demonstrates Fiber Manager's ability to model both the physical fiber infrastructure and logical circuits provisioned across the network, helping Tri-State better track and plan their bandwidth capacity.
This document provides information about indoor wireless solutions, including:
- In-building solutions (IBS) are needed to address poor indoor coverage from macro cells due to signal attenuation by walls and windows. They include femtocells, microcells, picocells, and distributed antenna systems (DAS).
- DAS uses a network of antennas and cabling to distribute wireless signals within a building for better indoor coverage. It can use either passive components like coaxial cable or active components involving amplification. Proper planning including link budget calculations and radio propagation modeling is needed for effective DAS deployment.
- Indoor radio propagation simulation software can be used to model indoor wireless coverage by importing building maps, setting transmitter parameters,
The document demonstrates the capabilities of Cable Project CAD software for designing computer-aided network cabling projects by walking through creating a sample two-floor network cabling project, including importing floor plans, placing work areas and network racks, automatically routing cables between areas, and generating reports. It also shows how the design can be further modified by assigning elements in the vertical plane and customizing tagging on the page.
IRJET- Re-Configuration Topology for On-Chip Networks by Back-TrackingIRJET Journal
1) A novel reconfigurable network-on-chip architecture is proposed that allows for self-adaptive application-specific topologies to be implemented with backtracking to ensure throughput.
2) The architecture supports multiple applications by reconfiguring its topology according to the topology that best matches the input application and also supports a deadlock-free dynamic routing scheme.
3) Reconfigurability is achieved by changing the inter-switch connections according to a predefined configuration for the application. Backtracking is used to handle blockages and support deadlock-free routing through an efficient switch design.
This document discusses network-on-chip (NoC) architectures for multiprocessor systems-on-chip. It describes how NoCs use routers and wires to connect hundreds or thousands of processor cores. The document outlines the different layers of a typical NoC architecture, including the application, transport, network, data link and physical layers. It also discusses common NoC router architectures and design methodologies, and introduces a bidirectional NoC architecture that aims to improve bandwidth utilization.
MAINS is an EU project that aims to design and demonstrate a cost-effective metro network architecture based on optical subwavelength transport technologies and an enhanced control plane. The architecture promises greater cost efficiency, lower resource consumption, improved reliability and lower latency compared to current metro networks. It is based on optical burst and packet switching in the data plane and an extended GMPLS control plane to manage resources at the subwavelength level. The project involves telecom operators, equipment manufacturers, and universities who will specify the architecture, develop control plane prototypes, and experimentally validate the concept through laboratory and field testing.
The document discusses a wireless sensor network architecture for smart buildings. It describes a hybrid star and mesh network topology that would connect various sensors installed in a building to a cloud server. This would allow remote monitoring of sensor data for temperature, light, movement and moisture. Users would be able to access this sensor data remotely through the cloud server to better manage building operations and efficiency. The network would use IPv6 and a real-time data transmission protocol to reliably communicate sensor readings from devices to the cloud database.
BACnet, LonWorks, and KNX are protocols for building automation and control networks. BACnet is a standard developed by ASHRAE that defines communication rules and message types to integrate building systems from different vendors. LonWorks is a peer-to-peer network where each node can communicate independently using the LonTalk protocol. KNX is an international standard for home and building control that allows devices to exchange information via different mediums to control systems like lighting and HVAC. Semi-passive sensors are those that use a small battery to power the sensor chip but communicate via RFID without needing their own battery for communication, making them cheaper than active sensors. Examples include temperature, humidity, and motion sensors integrated into items
The document provides a summary of various physical design problems Lee Johnson has solved using Tcl scripting in different EDA tool environments over several projects from the late 1990s to recent years. It lists solutions by project, including mesh clock routing flows in Cadence Innovus from 2015-2016, floorplanning and routing scripts for IBM chips from 1997-2015, and scripts addressing problems like pin placement, bus routing, and macro placement for other ASIC projects during the same period. It also provides examples of general utilities developed.
Leonard Timmons has over 30 years of experience in software engineering, systems design, and database administration. He has a B.E.E. from Georgia Tech and has worked at Advanced Control Systems since 1992 where he has led numerous projects involving network, database, virtualization, and industrial control system design. Prior to that, he worked as an independent consultant on software and systems for companies like Hayes Microcomputer Products, Scientific Atlanta, and Motorola.
Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
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The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
1. Smart home and building solutions.
Global. Secure. Connected.
KNX
PROJECT PREPARATION
KNX.ORG
2.
3. KNX.ORG
Content | KNX Project Preparation | 3
KNX Project design guidelines
4 Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
Checklists
16 Implementing an eletrical installation
with KNX
20 Supplementary sheet
for other possible applications
25 Handover of an eletrical installation
with KNX
28 Increased security and privacy
in KNX installations
CONTENT
KNX Project Preperation
4. Smart home and building solutions. Global. Secure. Connected.
4 | KNX Project Design Guidelines | Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
General
The “KNX Project Design Guidelines” intend to
assist KNX Partners to realise KNX projects in a
proper and structured manner. They are meant to
complement the “KNX Project Checklists”, which
concentrate on the project handling starting from
the identification of the customer requirements up
to the handover. KNX has elaborated these “KNX
Project Guidelines” in order to make the realisation
of KNX projects easier for all companies involved.
More Success
with a simple Structure
Properly structuring a KNX Project is an important
element in its eventual successful realisation.
Configuring the topology and the address scheme
according to a suitable structure is essential to be
able to finally hand over a properly functioning
installation to the customer. These “KNX Project
Guidelines” contain important basic information
and ideas for successful project design.
Users of these Guidelines
The „KNX Project Guidelines“ are meant to com-
plement the “KNX Project Checklists”. Amongst
others they lend a helping hand to the below listed
companies in their daily work with KNX:
• Consulting engineers as a basis for the call for
tenders and as guidelines for the realisation of
projects
• Beginners as a basis for company-internal struc-
turing of KNX Projects
• Experienced integrators as an improvement and
a complement to their own project guidelines
• Training centres for the integration into their
training documents
• KNX Certified training centers as supplementary
information to the official training documents
KNX wishes all partners involved in KNX Projects
lots of success and happy project designing!
KNX PROJECT
DESIGN GUIDELINES
Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
Notes
The content of this document
is mainly the result of many
years of experience of KNX
system integrators realising
KNX projects with the aim to
install for their customers an
optimised, error free and ener-
gy efficient system. This docu-
ment has been worked out by
a KNX project team consisting
of training centres and system
integrators. The information
and specification published
in this document has been
compiled to the best of knowl-
edge. Errors and technical
alterations are reserved. KNX
does not take responsibility
for the practical application of
these guidelines. Alterations
and suggestions are welcome
via info@knx.org.
Note to trademarks
KNX and the KNX Partner-Lo-
go are registered trademarks
of KNX Association Brussels.
5. KNX.ORG
Structured Realisation of KNX Projects | KNX Project Design Guidelines | 5
Physical Topology
In the same way as major construction projects are
subdivided in areas, buildings, floors and rooms,
the physical structure of a bus system needs to
be organised accordingly. The more similar these
structures can be made, the easier and clearer will
be the project design and the programming.
It is recommended – in case of doubt – to foresee
an additional line, if this improves the clear ar-
rangement of the project structure.
Segmentation in Areas and Lines
Number of possible areas and lines
As it is well known, a KNX project can contain up
to 15 areas. Per area again up to 16 lines (15 lines
and one main line) can be defined. Areas, respec-
tively lines are electrically isolated from each other
by a coupler. Therefore, each line, respectively each
segment of a line needs its own power supply.
Hence, the correct number of power supplies in a
project is: number of line couplers + 1.
According to the KNX standard, the topology is
structured in:
• lines (always 1–15)
• main line (connects the corresponding
line couplers)
• area line (connects the corresponding
area couplers), in practice this line is often
referred to as the “backbone”.
Area 1: Building
Main Line Staircase (Devices 1.0.xxx)
Line 1 Basement (Devices 1.1.xxx)
Line 2 Ground floor (Devices 1.2.xxx)
Line 3 First floor (Devices 1.3.xxx)
Area 1: (North Building) Basement
Main Line (Devices 1.0.xxx)
Line 1 Energy zone 1 (Devices 1.1.xxx)
Line 2 Energy zone 2 (Devices 1.2.xxx)
Line 3 Energy zone 3 (Devices 1.3.xxx)
Line 4 Energy zone 4 (Devices 1.4.xxx)
...
...
Line 11 General corridors
north
(Devices 1.11.xxx)
Line 12 General corridors
south
(Devices 1.12.xxx)
Area 2: (South Building) Ground floor
Main Line (Devices 2.0.xxx)
Line 1 Energy zone 1 (Devices 2.1.xxx)
Line 2 Energy zone 2 (Devices 2.2.xxx)
Line 3 Energy zone 3 (Devices 2.3.xxx)
...
...
Line 11 General corridors
north
(Devices 2.11.xxx)
Line 12 General corridors
south
(Devices 2.12.xxx)
Area 3: (Shop floor)
Main Line (Devices 3.0.xxx)
Line 1 Energy zone 1 (Devices 3.1.xxx)
Line 2 Energy zone 2 (Devices 3.2.xxx)
... etc.
Area Line (Devices 0.0.xxx)
Topology in Practice
In major projects where 16 lines (15 lines and 1 main
line) are insufficient or when required by the build-
ing structure, lines are extended by areas. In a sin-
gle family house (SFH) one line might be sufficient
either per floor or even for the entire building. In
commercial buildings one area should be foreseen
per floor and one line per energy zone, even if not
all areas contain the maximum number of 15 lines.
Examples of Topologies
Example: Topology Commercial Building
Example: Topology SFH with only a few devices
Area n
Line 1 Line 63
Device 63 Device 63
Device 1 Device 1
LC 1
BC n
LC 15
Power supply
with choke
Power supply
with choke
Area 2
Line 1 Line 63
Device 63 Device 63
Device 1 Device 1
LC 1
BC 2
LC 15
Power supply
with choke
Power supply
with choke
KNX Topology
LC: Line coupler | BC: Backbone coupler
Area 1
Line 1 Line 63
Main Line
Device 63 Device 63
Device 1 Device 1
LC 1
BC 1
LC 15
Power supply
with choke
Power supply
with choke
Power supply
with choke
Power supply with choke
Backbone Line
6. Smart home and building solutions. Global. Secure. Connected.
6 | KNX Project Design Guidelines | Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
Individual Addresses
Theoretically, the Individual Addresses of the
individual bus devices in a line could be assigned
without any structure. In order to improve the
overall overview, KNX recommends the creation of
an address structure that is adapted to the project,
when assigning addresses.
Example: Address Assignment
The following example should be understood as a
proposal that always needs to be adapted to the
realities of the actual project.
Possible Structuring
of the Individual Addresses
Depending on the number of actuators to be in-
stalled in the distribution board, the address range
can be segmented as shown below. Yet the shown
structure is only suited for smaller projects.
The individual areas should be designed with a
margin, to have the possibility to insert further de-
vices at a later stage. The following example shows
a possible assignment of addresses, as it could be
realised depending on the type of project at hand
and the number of actuators.
1.1 0 Line coupler
1.1 1
...
20
Actuators in the
distribution board
1.1 21
...
40
Sensors
1.1 41
...
62
...
1.1 255 e.g. USB-Interface
for programming
Line with
maximum 64 devices
Line
Device
Device 1
Device Device
Power supply
with choke
Device
Device
Device 64
Device
Device
Number of devices
As a general rule, per area and line (segment of a line) a maximum of
64 devices can be installed. As a result, the required output current of
the power supply usually is 640 mA.
However when designing a project, sufficient reserves should be
foreseen. While designing the installation, the number of devices in a
line should not exceed 60 % of the maximum possible number in com-
mercial buildings and 90 % in residential buildings. The exact power
consumption of the individual devices and consequently the resulting
maximum number of devices per area/line (segment) can be derived
from the technical product data as supplied by the manufacturers of
the devices.
7. KNX.ORG
Structured Realisation of KNX Projects | KNX Project Design Guidelines | 7
Principal Scheme of the Documentation
Especially in case of larger projects, when starting the split-up and
structuring of the installation (as regards topology, areas and lines), a
principal scheme shall be designed. This ensures an optimum design
of the topology of a KNX installation and in this way the logical struc-
ture can be realised rather fast. Later the scheme helps to get a quick
overview during the commissioning stage of the system or when doing
maintenance. The principle scheme is therefore always part of the
documentation handed over to the customer after the completion of
the project.
Example: Principle Scheme
Classical topology
with line and
area couplers
KNX Topology based
on Twisted Pair
Line 1.5 1.5.0
Floor 5
2.5.0 Line 2.5
Line 1.4 1.4.0
Floor 4
2.4.0 Line 2.4
Line 1.3 1.3.0
Floor 3
2.3.0 Line 2.3
Line 1.2 1.2.0
Floor 2
2.2.0 Line 2.2
Line 1.1 1.1.0
Floor 1
2.1.0 Line 2.1
Area 1
West wing
Area 2
East wing
Area-/Line Coupler classic
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
LC
Main
line
1.0
Backbone line 0.0
Main
line
2.0
BC BC
1.0.0 2.0.0
Topology with IP
couplers
KNX Topology based
on IP
Line 1.5 1.5.0
Floor 5
2.5.0 Line 2.5
Line 1.4 1.4.0
Floor 4
2.4.0 Line 2.4
Line 1.3 1.3.0
Floor 3
2.3.0 Line 2.3
Line 1.2 1.2.0
Floor 2
2.2.0 Line 2.2
Line 1.1 1.1.0
Floor 1
2.1.0 Line 2.1
Area 1
West wing
Area 2
East wing
IP Router as Line coupler
Network (LAN)
8. Smart home and building solutions. Global. Secure. Connected.
8 | KNX Project Design Guidelines | Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
Id. Function Number
Group Address
AM Alarm-Magnetic
contact (Collective
alarm/Alarm system)
5
AW Awning 5
B Blind 5/10
C Curtain 5
CL Clocks 5
BL Beamer
(projector)-Lift
5
DC Door contact 5
DMX DMX 5
E Energy meters
and monitoring
10
F Fans 5
FS Fly screens 5
G Garage door
(doors in general)
5
GB Gong/Bell 5
H Heating 5
HP Heat pump 10
IR Irrigation 5
L Lighting 5
LC Locking contact 5
LD Lighting dimmable 5
LDA Lighting dimmable
DALI
5
MM Multimedia 5
P Pump 5
PS Projection screen 5
RL Roof light 5
S Socket-outlet 5
SD Socket-outlet
dimmable (attention)
5
SH Shutter 5/10*
TS Temperature sensor 5
TVL TV lift 5
W Windows 5
WK Window contacts 5
WS Weather station 10
* Further information can be found on page 11:
Structuring of Group Addresses
Labelling Concept
It is important that all parties involved in a project
use common terms and have in mind the same
meaning of these terms. The easiest way to do
so is to have a common labelling concept. The
concept below proved its worth in practice and
is therefore recommended by KNX. This standard
concept has the additional advantage that all
involved parties can easily understand the project
even if they did not originally design the project
themselves. A label as recommended by KNX is
composed of the following elements:
• Label for trades and functions
• Room number
• Consecutive number
These elements result a unique identifier, of which
an example is shown below:
«LD_E05_01»
This label should now be used by default in:
• the installation plan
• for the electric circuit diagram
• for ETS project design
The detailed format of this label is described in the
following pages.
Identifiers for trades and functions
as first element
KNX has defined the following identifiers for
functions and trades. The list can be amended if
required. In addition, the table lists the recom-
mended number of Group Addresses.
9. KNX.ORG
Structured Realisation of KNX Projects | KNX Project Design Guidelines | 9
Installation plan without room numbers (initial situation)
Installation plan with allocated room numbers
E01
E02 E03
E05
E07
E04 E05
Floor plan with consecutive numbers for each trade
E01
E02 E03
E05
E07
E04 E05
01
01
01
03
01 01 01
02
02
01
03
02
B 01
B 01
B 02 B 01
B
02
B
01
01
01
E01
E02 E03
E05
E07
E04 E05
LD_E01_01
LD_E01_01
LD_E05_01
LD_E05_03
LD_E02_01 L_E03_01 L_E04_01
L_E01_02
L_E02_02
L_E07_01
L_E01_03
L_E05_02
B J_E01_01
B J_E03_01
B J_E02_02 B J_E04_01
B
J_E01_02
B
J_E02_01
S_E02_01
S_E03_01
Room numbers
as second element of the label
Each room requires its own unique number. If
numbers have already been assigned to rooms,
these numbers can be taken over. The room num-
bers shall appear in the floor plan and have to be
agreed upon with the architect and if necessary
with further design experts.
Consecutive number
as third element of the label
A consecutive number forms the third part of the
label. It is allocated to the electrical appliances per
room.
• This number starts in each room with 01,
• and starts again with 01 for each trade.
• Alternatively it can be counted up further for
other trades within the room (not shown in the
example below).
Definition of the identification label
Example of an Identification Label
Below a labelling example in accordance with the
KNX recommendation for the entrance area (ceil-
ing lamp in room E05).
LD_E05_01
Designation
of the function
Designation
of the floor/room
Consecutive number
Installation plan
Electric circuit
diagram
ETS
(with additional info)
10. Smart home and building solutions. Global. Secure. Connected.
10 | KNX Project Design Guidelines | Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
Structures in ETS
Topology in ETS and in the Project
If a project is well structured, the topology cor-
responds – as mentioned earlier in this document –
more or less to the logical structure of the building,
such as e. g. to floors, energy zones etc.
Building structure in ETS
The building structure in ETS is helpful for the ori-
entation in the building. Push buttons and further
elements are placed into the corresponding rooms
or distribution boards. The building view is a sort
of filter, it does not influence the allocation of
devices within the topology, but simplifies finding
devices in the project.
Labelling in ETS
A further important chapter is the proper label-
ling in ETS. A lot of installers believe that proper
labelling of Group Addresses and devices just con-
stitutes a lot of unnecessary work. This is not the
case, as one can easily get lost in a project without
proper labelling. The time invested when starting
the project will pay off many times even up to the
stage where the project is finally commissioned.
How this is professionally done is shown below.
Project Properties
When starting work, the most important entries
in ETS are at least the project name and – if ap-
plicable – the internal project number. The date
will automatically be created when opening a new
project.
Function of the Project Log
The project log that appears when closing ETS
should always be active and kept up to date. It
shows who did what and when as well as what
is the latest current version. If the project log is
properly kept up to date, it will later help evaluate
more easily when and by whom changes and/or
amendments were made.
Labelling of the Group Objects
In practice it is recommended to assign a label to
the individual channels (the first Group Object)
of sensors and actuators. How to proceed: When
a Group Object is selected in ETS, by clicking the
right mouse button the name of the sending group
address can be taken over for this object. Alter-
natively this assignment can be done for a whole
line. After the allocation of Group Addresses within
a line select this line determine the object
description by selection of the sending group
address all the addresses will be taken over.
Reference to manual control elements
It definitely makes sense to describe the individual
push buttons and their functions in a separate
„room book“. The reference to this external docu-
ment can be made directly by means of the Indi-
vidual Address or – if not yet defined – by means
of a position number especially created for this
purpose. Example: “E05-01” means, room 05 –
consecutive number.
Example for the corridor
with an individual position number
Final Example: Identification Concept
Below the final labelling example in accordance
with the KNX-recommendation for the given plan.
E01
E02 E03
E05
E07
E04 E05
LD_E01_01
LD_E01_01
LD_E05_01
LD_E05_03
LD_E02_01 L_E03_01 L_E04_01
L_E01_02
L_E02_02
L_E07_01
L_E01_03
L_E05_02
B J_E01_01
B J_E03_01
B J_E02_02 B J_E04_01
B
J_E01_02
B
J_E02_01
S_E02_01
S_E03_01
E01
E02 E03
E05
E07
E04 E05
LD_E01_01
LD_E01_01
LD_E05_01
LD_E05_03
LD_E02_01 L_E03_01 L_E04_01
L_E01_02
L_E02_02
L_E07_01
L_E01_03
L_E05_02
B J_E01_01
B J_E03_01
B J_E02_02 B J_E04_01
B
J_E01_02
B
J_E02_01
S_E02_01
S_E03_01
Additional Marking in ETS
When labelling Group Addresses in ETS it may be
useful to add to the label the real room name and
if applicable the switching group (in brackets). This
helps especially in smaller projects to improve the
overview.
Example: Labelling of the group address in ETS
LD_E05_01 (entrance ceiling)
E05_01
Individual Address or
Individual position number
11. KNX.ORG
Structured Realisation of KNX Projects | KNX Project Design Guidelines | 11
Naming of the Function of Group Addresses
To ensure that the function of each single group
address is clearly defined, the following naming
scheme shall be used. Depending on the installed
devices respectively the needed Group Addresses
this naming scheme can slightly deviate from the
underneath recommendation.
Main group 0 Central addresses
Main group 1 Basement
Main group 2 Ground Floor
Main group 3 1. Floor
Main group 4 2. Floor
Main group 5 3. Floor
... etc.
ON/OFF Switch ON/OFF
DIM Dim UP/DOWN
VALUE Control brightness
value
FB Status feedback
(ON/OFF)
FB VALUE Status feedback
(Object Value)
Identifiers for the function Light
UP/DOWN Move blind UP
and DOWN
STOP or
SLATS
Stop blind
POSITION
HEIGHT
Control height
of blinds
POSITION
SLATS
Control position
of slats
SHADING Control position
for shading
BLOCK Block local manual
operation
STATUS
POSITION
HEIGHT
Status feedback
height of blinds
STATUS
POSITION
SLATS
Status feedback slats
Identifiers for the Function Blind
Structuring of Group Addresses
Main Groups
Generally main group 0 respectively 14 or 15 are
allocated to central Group Addresses. In total up to
32 main groups (0–31) can be allocated. Attention
has to be paid to possible restrictions in case of
line couplers, area couplers, plug-ins and gateways.
Group Addresses
Structuring the Group Addresses is an important
task. Here again it makes sense to organise the
addresses according to a very clear pattern. There
are two possibilities to realise this: the two level
structure and the three level structure.
Two Level Structure of Group Addresses
If there are more than 50 lighting groups or more
than 25 blind groups per floor, Group Addresses
can be created according the 2-level-structure of-
fered by the ETS. Accordingly, the sub groups have
to be segmented in a structured way. The segmen-
tation and grouping has to be aligned with the
project and the used functions. It is an advantage
to foresee packets of five and/or ten per luminaire,
element, blind, heating, alarm etc. The segmenta-
tion can be made similar to the structure of 3-level
Group Addresses described below. The difference
is that the Middle Group does not exist but allows
the sub group address to exceed 255, i. e. it can be
between 0–2047. The address 0/0 is a system ad-
dress and cannot be allocated.
Three Level Structure of Group Addresses
In case of three level Group Addresses, a corre-
sponding Middle Group is available between 0–7
that can also be used for segmentation. The three
level group address structure allows sub groups
between 0–255. Entries with higher numbers than
255 are not possible. The address 0/0/0 is a sys-
tem address and cannot be allocated.
KNX recommends using the tree level structure for
smaller projects. This can look like is shown below.
Identifiers for the Function Heating
CONTROL
VALUE
Control value
for valve
(ON/OFF or value)
CURRENT
TEMP
Current temperature
value
BASIC
SETPOINT
Basic set-point
FB Feedback
FB
CURRENT
SETPOINT
Feedback
of current set-point
FAULT Fault
STATUS
OPERATION
MODE
Operation mode
of controller
BLOCK Block manual
operation
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12 | KNX Project Design Guidelines | Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
*) The sub group address of the status
feedback for the Middle Groups 6 and 7
complies for each function always with
the same sub group address of the
switching group (in case of lighting
e. g. Middle Group 0).
For details refer to the examples below.
Middle
Group
Alternative
A
Alternative
B
0 Lighting
incl. feedback
Lighting
1 Blinds
incl. feedback
Blinds
2 Heating/HVAC Heating/HVAC
3 Alarm Alarm
4 General General
5 ... ...
6 Lighting Feedback*
7 Blinds Feedback*
Alternative A:
Status feedback integrated in the same Middle Group
Middle Group 0
1/0/0 ON/OFF
1/0/1 DIM
1/0/2 VALUE
1/0/3 FB
1/0/4 FB VALUE
1/0/5 ON/OFF
1/0/6 DIM
1/0/7 VALUE
1/0/8 FB
1/0/9 FB VALUE
1/0/10 ON/OFF
...
...
Alternative B:
Status feedback Middle Group 6 for lighting
Middle Group 0 Middle Group 6:
Status feedback
1/0/0 ON/OFF 1/6/0 ON/OFF
1/0/1 DIM 1/6/1
1/0/2 VALUE 1/6/2 VALUE
1/0/3 1/6/3
1/0/4 1/6/4
1/0/5 ON/OFF 1/6/5 ON/OFF
1/0/6 DIM 1/6/6
1/0/7 VALUE 1/6/7 VALUE
1/0/8 1/6/8
1/0/9 1/6/9
1/0/10 ON/OFF 1/6/10 ON/OFF
... ...
... ...
Detailed information
to the three level Group Addresses
Definition and Segmentation
of the Middle Group
For trades like lighting, awnings, blinds but also for
heating different Group Addresses are required.
Favorably, these are segmented by means of the
Middle Group. Below you will find a list of the most
important trades. Further trades can be added at
any time according to the pattern below.
The KNX Project Design Guidelines offer two alter-
natives for the segmentation of Middle Groups:
Structure of the subgroups for lighting
The functions of each switching group shall be
segmented in blocks of 5 in order to have always
the same structure for a lighting group. Objects
that are not used are either left empty or a dummy
group address is attributed, in order to cater for
special functions requiring individual solutions.
Example:
Structure of the subgroups for lighting
According to the segmentation described above
two alternatives for the structuring of Group
Addresses are possible.
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Structured Realisation of KNX Projects | KNX Project Design Guidelines | 13
Alternative A:
Status feedback part of the same Middle Group
Middle Group 1
1/1/0 UP/DOWN
1/1/1 STOP
1/1/2 POSITION HEIGHT
1/1/3 POSITION SLATS
1/1/4 SHADING
1/1/5 BLOCK
1/1/6 STATUS POSITION HEIGHT
1/1/7 STATUS POSITION SLATS
1/1/8 ...
1/1/9 ...
1/1/10 UP/DOWN
1/1/11 STOP
1/1/12 POSITION HEIGHT
1/1/13 POSITION SLATS
1/1/14 ...
Alternative B:
Status feedback as Middle Group 7
Middle Group 1 Middle Group 7:
Status feedback
1/1/0 UP/DOWN 1/7/0 ...
1/1/1 STOP 1/7/1 ...
1/1/2 POSITION
HEIGHT
1/7/2 POSITION
HEIGHT
1/1/3 POSITION
SLATS
1/7/3 POSITION
SLATS
1/1/4 SHADING 1/7/4 ...
1/1/5 BLOCK 1/7/5 ...
1/1/6 ... 1/7/6 ...
1/1/7 ... 1/7/7 ...
1/1/8 ... 1/7/8 ...
1/1/9 ... 1/7/9 ...
1/1/10 UP/DOWN 1/7/10 ...
1/1/11 STOP 1/7/11 ...
1/1/12 POSITION
HEIGHT
1/7/12 POSITION
HEIGHT
1/1/13 POSITION
SLATS
1/7/13 POSITION
SLATS
1/1/14 ... 1/7/14 ...
Structure of the Subgroups for Blinds
As in the case of blinds etc. other functions are
required than in the case of light, other identifiers
are needed. Moreover, more Group Addresses are
needed for more complex blind controls. KNX rec-
ommends for blinds a segmentation in blocks of 10.
Example for subgroups Heating
Because of the needed connections, KNX does not
suggest a second alternative for heating.
KNX recommends a segmentation in blocks of 10.
Middle Group 2
1/2/0 CONTROL VALUE
(ON/OFF or value)
1/2/1 CURRENT VALUE (Temperature)
1/2/2 BASIC-SETPOINT
1/2/3 FB
1/2/4 FB CURRENT SETPOINT
1/2/5 ...
1/2/6 ...
1/2/7 ...
1/2/8 ...
1/2/9 STATUS OPERATION MODE
1/2/10 CONTROL VALUE
(ON/OFF or value)
1/2/11 CURRENT VALUE (Temperature)
1/2/12 BASIC-SETPOINT
1/2/13 FB
1/2/14 FB CURRENT SETPOINT
1/2/15 ...
1/2/16 ...
1/2/17 ...
1/2/18 ...
1/2/19 STATUS OPERATION MODE
1/2/20 CONTROL VALUE
(ON/OFF or value)
... ...
Alternative Numbering
for Subgroups starting with 1
All examples above start with subgroup 0.
Alternatively it is also possible to start
with subgroup 1.
Middle Group 0
1/0/1 ON/OFF
1/0/2 DIM
1/0/3 VALUE
1/0/4 FB
1/0/5 FB VALUE
1/0/6 ON/OFF
1/0/7 DIM
1/0/8 VALUE
1/0/9 FB
1/0/10 FB VALUE
1/0/11 ...
14. Smart home and building solutions. Global. Secure. Connected.
14 | KNX Project Design Guidelines | Structured Realisation of KNX Projects
Middle Group 1
1/1/0 B_E01_01 UP/DOWN
(Bedroom entrance side)
1/1/1 B_E01_01 STOP
1/1/2 B_E01_01 POSITION HEIGHT
1/1/3 B_E01_01 POSITION SLATS
1/1/4 B_E01_01 SHADING
1/1/5 B_E01_01 BLOCK
1/1/6 B_E01_01 STATUS POSITION HEIGHT
1/1/7 B_E01_01 STATUS POSITION SLATS
1/1/8 ...
1/1/9 ...
1/1/10 B_E01_02 UP/DOWN
(Bedroom garden side)
1/1/11 B_E01_02 STOP
1/1/12 B_E01_02 POSITION HEIGHT
1/1/13 B_E01_02 POSITION SLATS
1/1/14 B_E01_02 SHADING
1/1/15 B_E01_02 BLOCK
1/1/16 B_E01_02 STATUS POSITION HEIGHT
1/1/17 B_E01_02 STATUS POSITION SLATS
1/1/18 ...
1/1/19 ...
1/1/20 B_E02_01 UP/DOWN
(Children’s room garden side)
... ...
Middle Group 0
1/0/0 LD_E01_01 ON/OFF
(Bedroom ceiling)
1/0/1 LD_E01_01 DIM
1/0/2 LD_E01_01 VALUE
1/0/3 LD_E01_01 FB
1/0/4 LD_E01_01 FB VALUE
1/0/5 L_E01_02 ON/OFF
(Bedroom wall left side)
1/0/6 ...
1/0/7 ...
1/0/8 L_E01_02 FB
1/0/9 ...
1/0/10 L_E01_03 ON/OFF
(Bedroom wall right side)
1/0/11
1/0/12
1/0/13 L_E01_03 FB
1/0/14
...
1/0/20 LD_E02_01 ON/OFF
(Children’s room ceiling)
1/0/21 LD_E02_01 DIM
1/0/22 LD_E02_01 VALUE
1/0/23 LD_E02_01 FB
1/0/24 LD_E02_01 FB VALUE
1/0/25 L_E02_02 ON/OFF
(Children’s room wall)
Marking of Group Addresses
Marking examples for the different Functions
According to the two rules mentioned above
(label and function) it is now possible to create a
well arranged and unique marking of the Group
Addresses.
Example: Lighting
Below is an example of the detailed marking of
Group Addresses for the lighting in the bedroom
based on the structuring according
to alternative A.
Example: Blinds
Below an example of the detailed marking
of Group Addresses for the blinds in the bedroom
based on the structuring according to alternative
A. Alternative B can be realised in an analogue way.
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Structured Realisation of KNX Projects | KNX Project Design Guidelines | 15
Project Documentation
The documentation of a KNX project comprises
of the following items:
Documents
All documents have to be placed in an indexed folder:
• Principle scheme of the facilities
• Revised electric scheme
• Revised electric plan
• Revised room book
• List of companies, responsibilities
• System specification, customer requirements
if applicable
• Acceptance certificate
• Possible test certificate (e. g. calibration of the room
thermostat)
• Report of the hand-over to the customer
• Description of logic functions and further details
• Manual/technical documentation of the installed
components
• Own documents that could be helpful later on for the
maintenance of the system
Software and legal aspects
If requested by the customer, the software respectively
the project data (not the ETS Software itself) should be
handed over, thereby taking into account all applicable
security measures.
• Project data created by the current ETS Software
version
• Project data of other used hardware (e. g. visualisation)
• Plug-ins and software of special devices that cannot be
programmed directly by means of the ETS.
Guarantee after handing over the software
When handing over the software, the integrator may
make additional arrangements with the customer settling
the issue of guarantee.
Backup
Moreover it lies within the responsibility of the system
integrator to ensure that the customer can access the
current project data if requested. The integrator has to
take special care that the created project data and all
other related data are securely archived by him.
Taking over Software from another Integrator
In practice it may happen that a project is handed over
from one integrator to another. It shall be assured that
the software is transferred from one integrator to the
other exclusively via the building owner/customer.
To allow “the new integrator” to continue the project as
desired by the customer, the “old integrator” is obliged
to hand over the very latest version of the project data to
the customer. The “new integrator” has to check the soft-
ware for completeness immediately after the reception.
Always pay attention to preserve the reputation of KNX:
KNX is an open bus system and exactly that is its asset.
Additional Benefits
for Everyone
If anything should have been
forgotten in this document
or if anything does not corre-
spond anymore to best prac-
tice, handling or your ideas,
please inform us. As KNX we
would like to keep on improv-
ing this document, always with
the objective to sustainably
optimise and improve the re-
alisation of KNX projects.
For inputs please use
the E-mail address
info@knx.org.
Contributors
The following companies and
certified training centers have
participated in the creation of
this document:
• Baumann Koelliker AG,
Urs Zimmermann
• EIBROM GmbH,
Jürg Keller
• Feller AG,
Beat Bebi
• raum consulting,
René Senn
• Höhere Berufsbildung BMP,
Christoph Widler
• Siemens Schweiz AG,
Bernhard Frei
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16 | Checklist | Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX
CHECKLIST
Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX
Distribution board:
Date:
Project:
Project no.:
Distribution board:
1. Your question Customer response
What does your customer want their
living space to be like?
For your customer, what are the most
important characteristics that a house
should have?
Who will be living in the property?
Give your customer a little homework
to do: how will the rooms be used,
and by whom?
Basement:
Storeroom
Hobby/Craft room
Utility room
Laundry
Gym
Corridor
Garage
Only once your customers are clear about how their various rooms are to be used will you be
able to offer them an effective, intelligent building automation system.
Examples:
Storeroom Motion sensor
Hobby room Vacuum cleaner
Gym Air conditioning + air quality
Laundry Leak alarm
Conservatory Shading, ventilation, temperature control
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Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX | Checklist | 17
Ground Floor:
Hallway/Corridor
Downstairs toilet
Kitchen
Dining room
Living room
Lounge
Conservatory
Terrace
First floor:
Corridor
Bathroom
Children‘s bedroom 1
Children‘s bedroom 2
Children‘s bedroom 3
Playroom
Master bedroom
Walk-in wardrobe
Balcony
Attic floor:
Studio
Gallery
Room 1, 2, etc.
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18 | Checklist | Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX
2. Your query Results
Define a lighting plan for each room, on
the basis of 1): What devices need to be
switched? Where is dimming required?
On the basis of 1), define a plan for con-
trolling blinds, windows, doors and gates,
and specify their function.
Discuss with your customer a safety
and security concept, and identify
consequences.
Example:
If internal activation is selected, the client must not open the window,
because this would set off an alarm.
Example:
If a passive trap system with motion sensors is to be used, there must be no pets in the house.
Determine whether there are further tech-
nical devices that need to be controlled
via/connected to the building automation
system:
Swimming pool
Rainwater utilisation
Heat pump
Photovoltaic system
Hot water convectors
Central vacuum system
Garden watering systems
Home cinema
etc.
3. Customer tasks Results
Ask your customer to define, on the basis
of 1), what controls are required in each
room. (Explain to your customer that he or
she must think in terms of functions rather
than in terms of conventional switches).
Point out to your customer what controls
might be needed in the future.
For example, when the use of a room changes after children have left home, when furniture
is rearranged, or if family members move in who have special care needs.
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Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX | Checklist | 19
4. Together with your
customer, define operating
philosophies
Results
E.g. for push-button sensors: left for on,
right for off, central functions always at
the bottom. Also: Use of status LEDs
Remote controls
Central control panels/touch displays/
visual displays
Room temperature controllers
Date and signature, installer:
Date and signature, customer/user:
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20 | Checklist | Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX
SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET
other possible applications
(list not exhaustive)
1. Switching and lighting (all lamp types)
1.1. Switching from one or several locations.
1.2. Central switching, e.g. light off, iron off and cooker off at entry door.
1.3. Dimming from one or several locations.
1.4. Staircase switching – time-delay switch-off.
1.5. Toilet switching – time-delay switch-on and switch-off of fan.
1.6. Switching on and off of devices via timer programmes.
1.7. Switching on and off of sockets for temporary or potentially dangerous devices (e.g. rotary
iron), but also to reduce power consumption by appliances in standby (TV, stereo, etc.).
1.8. Motion-dependent switching for corridor area, side rooms and outdoor areas.
1.9. Daylight-dependent switching on and off of lighting via internal or external light sensors
helps to save energy.
1.10. Preset scenarios allow several switchable or dimmable groups of lights, other devices or blinds
to be changed to a predefined status at the touch of a button. Scenarios can be defined by the
system integrator or the user.
1.11. Panic button, e.g. by the bed. When this is pressed, predefined lights are switched on to
deter any intruders.
1.12. Status notification: depending on the actuator, statuses of devices can be displayed on
e.g. push-button sensors, displays or visual displays.
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Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX | Checklist | 21
2. Screens, shading and light deflection
2.1. Raising and lowering of blinds and adjustment of slats. The advantage of bus technology
is that several blinds can be controlled via a single push-button sensor.
This increases transparency and saves space. Light and blind functions can also be controlled
via a push-button sensor.
2.2. Central raising and lowering of blinds or shutters – for an individual facade, floor,
or for the entire house.
2.3. Preset positions at the touch of a button, e.g. to protect against glare when watching TV,
or at PC workstations in studies or in children’s rooms.
2.4. Weather-dependent control: protection of awnings, sun shades and other facade elements
against damage by wind, rain and frost based on evaluation of weather data. For example,
the awnings will retract if wind speeds are too high, and manual operation will be prevented.
2.5. Solar shading: brightness and/or temperature sensors close the shutters or blinds far enough
to prevent excessive heat from entering and to protect plants/furniture from damaging
UV radiation, but keep them open wide enough to allow sufficient daylight to enter.
2.6. Control of facade elements via timer controls – with no need for additional cabling.
2.7. Scenarios allow roller and other blinds to be moved to specific positions at the touch of a
button, often in combination with lighting. e.g. dim lights and move blind to relevant position
when watching TV.
2.8. Status notification: depending on the actuator, the statuses of facade elements/blinds can be
displayed on e.g. push-button sensors, displays or visual displays.
3. Windows, skylights, doors etc.
3.1. Opening, closing and selection of intermediate positions for (roof) windows and skylights.
The advantage of bus technology is that several windows can be controlled via a single
push-button sensor. This increases transparency and saves space. These functions can also be
combined with light or blind functions.
3.2. Central opening and closing of (roof) windows, skylights and doors for each side of the
building, a particular floor, or for the entire house.
3.3. Weather-dependent control: protection of windows and roof windows from wind, rain, frost.
Protection of rooms, e.g. by automatically closing roof windows when it rains, is also possible.
3.4. Brightness, temperature or air quality-dependent switching, for example to automate the
functions of a conservatory. If the temperature exceeds a preset value, the shading will be
activated and the ventilation windows opened. The ventilation windows can also be opened if
the concentration of CO2
reaches too high a level.
3.5. Windows, skylights and doors can be opened or closed at specified times via timer control.
Timer controls can be used in conjunction with measured internal and outdoor temperatures
in order to achieve automatic night-time ventilation.
3.6. Status notification: depending on the actuator, statuses (open, closed or specific intermediate
position) can be displayed on e.g. push-button sensors, displays or visual displays.
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22 | Checklist | Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX
4. Heating/Cooling
4.1. With individual room regulation, a target value can be defined and modified for each room.
If the resident is out of the house for a short time (shopping, doctor’s appointment, etc.), the
room temperature can be reduced by e.g. 2 °C, or e.g. 4 °C at night. (A reduction in room tem-
perature of 1 °C corresponds to an energy saving of 6 %).
4.2. Integration of window contacts: when a window is open, the room temperature controller
switches to frost protection mode. This ensures that no energy is used to heat the outside air
and, particularly in winter, that the room is protected against frost.
4.3. The amount of energy used can be reduced by connecting the individual room controllers to
the heating/cooling system: thus if only one or two rooms need heating, the supply tempera-
ture can be reduced (for heating) or increased (for cooling).
4.4. Incorporation of various energy sources (fossil and renewable): limit values can be defined in
order to allow the most favourable energy source to be used automatically. The system can
thus determine whether the temperature of the solar panels is higher than the water tempera-
ture in the hot water tank. If so, there is no need to use fossil energy for the water heating.
For cooling, the application described under 3.5 can be used.
5. Ventilation
5.1. Automated, monitored ventilation of living space, e.g. for low-energy or passive houses.
Can also be implemented in conjunction with CO2
sensors to maintain optimal air quality.
5.2. Measurement of indoor and outdoor temperatures allows, for example, the thermal energy of
the outlet air to be recovered in case of low outdoor temperatures.
5.3. Control of air extraction devices in kitchens, bathrooms, toilets and hobby rooms on the basis
of motion sensors or in combination with lighting control.
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Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX | Checklist | 23
6. Alarm functions
6.1. Monitoring of the outer shell of the building via magnetic contacts on windows, doors and gates,
or via glass breakage sensors.
6.2. Monitoring of the interior by motion sensors.
6.3. Monitoring of the area around the house by motion sensors.
6.4. Incorporation of room sensors into the alarm system.
6.5. Via a panic button, a silent alarm can be triggered in case of a break-in, in order to send a
notification to e.g. the guard service by retransmission (by telephone, SMS or email).
6.6. Presence simulation creates the impression that the house is occupied when it is in fact not.
Depending on the time of day and/or brightness, or for example at dawn or dusk, specific
lights can be switched on or blinds can be opened or closed.
6.7. Via a push-button, for example by the bed, all preset lights can be switched on in order to
deter intruders.
6.8. If the alarm is triggered, all lights inside and outside the house will switch on, and all blinds will
be opened.
6.9. Activation devices allow the alarm system to be activated either internally or externally.
External activation can be combined with a sequence of further functions to activate “leave
house” status. This can include switching off critical appliances, blocking controls, reducing
room temperatures and/or activating presence simulation. When the alarm is deactivated, the
“coming home” sequence can be activated, whereby all the functions activated when the alarm
is armed are negated and, for example, a basic level of lighting is activated.
6.10 Pictures from video cameras displayed in visualisation interfaces show who is at the door.
7. Comfort and safety functions
7.1. The use of SELV* supply voltage for the bus system serves to reduce electromagnetic radiation
compared to conventional 230 V or Powerline installations.
7.2. Switch relays can be used to disconnect circuits automatically in order to also prevent these
lines from emitting electromagnetic radiation.
7.3. Automatic watering of the garden is possible, with activation via pumps or valves. This can be
controlled by a timer or on the basis of measurements of the dampness of the soil.
7.4. Potentially hazardous devices (irons, rotary irons, cookers, external power sockets, etc.)
can be disconnected simultaneously via central switch-off.
7.5. Notification of the status of intelligent household appliances (washing machines,
dishwashers, refrigerators, freezers, etc.) to a display element. This allows malfunction to be
detected quickly.
7.6. In the future: measurement of electricity, gas and water and automatic comparison of
energy suppliers’ prices allows appliances such as washing machines or dishwashers to start
only when the most favourable rate is available.
* SELV = Safety Extra Low Voltage
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24 | Checklist | Implementing an eletrical installation with KNX
8. Overview of available control and display options
8.1. Push-button sensors with up to eight different controls on a surface area of a normal switch.
8.2. Use of the status LEDs on push-button sensors – particularly to display status, in cases where
no biofeedback is available.
8.3. Infrared remote control units for room-specific execution of commands.
8.4. Radio remote controls for inter-room execution of commands.
8.5. Backlit LCD displays of the size of a push-button sensor can be used to manage devices and
display their statuses.
8.6. LCD touch displays are available for large-format, comfortable overviews and for controlling
individual subsections of the house automation system.
8.7. PC-/IP-based visual displays provide extensive overview and control functions.
8.8. Remote access can be set up online.
9. Ports and gateways
Via ports and gateways, applications and functions which are not provided by bus components can
be integrated into the KNX system.
Examples:
• Conventional mechanical contacts via push-button interfaces
• Ethernet via IP interfaces
• DALI via gateways (subordinate lighting control system)
• Applications and functions, which are not provided by bus components can be integrated
into the KNX system via ports and gateways
• Stereo/TV via manufacturer-independent gateways
25. KNX.ORG
Handover of an electrical installation with KNX | Checklist | 25
CHECKLIST
handover of an electrical installation with KNX
TASKS EXECUTED REMARKS
Yes No
Not
required
1. Visual Inspection
All branch and connection boxes closed
Connections for customer’s on-site lights are
at least insulated or fitted with a temporary
lampholder
All push-buttons are labelled as specified
by customer and have been cleanly and
securely fitted
Distribution boards are fully labelled and
cleaned
Distribution diagrams with distribution
boards
Bus components including push-buttons are
labelled with the physical address
Network sockets are labelled
System and equipment descriptions and
operating instructions are provided in a
separate folder
Maintenance documents, plans, diagrams
and specifications are also provided in a
separate folder
System documentation left with customer
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26 | Checklist | Handover of an electrical installation with KNX
TASKS EXECUTED REMARKS
Yes No
Not
required
2. Functional check
Installation checked and all measurements
performed (E-CHECK, network, etc.)
Lighting, dimmers, blinds, central
switch-off, scenarios, etc. checked for
correct functioning
Window contacts checked
Intercom checked
Interfaces with third-party systems checked
(music, alarm, ventilation, etc.)
Room-specific calibration of
room temperature controllers
3. Customer Induction
Customer briefed on the installation
Customer briefed on the location of specific
devices, e.g. wind sensors, central controls,
etc.
Customer briefed on safety/security appli-
cations and alarm control point
Switching, dimming and blind functions
explained to customer
Content and navigation of touch panel
menus and visual displays explained
Customer briefed on setting of timers and
operation of other customer-relevant func-
tions, e.g. calling up and saving of scenarios
Customer briefed on operation of
room temperature controllers and other
room control panels
Customer action in case of bus/supply
voltage failure and restoration discussed
Further issues relating to the installation
raised by the design engineer/system
integrator
27. KNX.ORG
Handover of an electrical installation with KNX | Checklist | 27
TASKS EXECUTED REMARKS
Yes No
Not
required
4. Handover of System
Handover of project software, system docu-
mentation and all manuals
One-off subsequent programming after
approx. 3 months arranged for ....................
(date)
Customer service telephone number given
to customer, maintenance contract signed
Acceptance report signed as per the
specifications or DIN 18015 Part 4
Date and signature, installer:
Date and signature, customer/user:
28. Smart home and building solutions. Global. Secure. Connected.
28 | Checklist | Checklist for increased security and privacy in KNX installations
CHECKLIST
Increased security and privacy
in KNX installations
1. Were the following measures taken into
account during installation?
Are devices and applications fixed mounted? Is it ensured that devices are properly
protected against dismounting (e. g. use of anti-theft protection measures)?
Is it ensured that unauthorized persons have limited access to distribution boards
with mounted KNX installations (e. g. always locked or located in locked rooms)?
Is it difficult to access devices in external areas? (e. g. mounted at a sufficient height)?
In case the KNX installation can be operated from areas in buildings that are public
and not surveilled, did you contemplate the use of binary inputs (mounted in distribution
boards) or push button interfaces?
Are KNX Touch panels password protected (user, group or guest mode)?
2. Is Twisted Pair used as communication medium?
Is the cable anywhere in- or outside the home or the building protected
against unauthorized access?
In case the twisted pair cable is used in areas requiring extra protection measures,
have you taken the measures as given in item 6?
3. Is Powerline used as communication medium?
Have band stop filters been installed?
If Powerline is also used outside the building, have you taken the same measures
for the media coupler as given in item 6?
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Checklist for increased security and privacy in KNX installations | Checklist | 29
4. Is IP used as communication medium?
Have the network settings been documented and handed over to the home owner
or the LAN administrator?
Have switches and routers been set in such a way that only known MAC addresses
are able to access the communication medium?
Is a separate LAN or WLAN network with own hardware used for KNX communication?
Is access to the (KNX) IP networks limited to authorized persons via appropriate user
names and strong passwords?
For KNX IP Multicast communication another IP address as the default address should be
used (normally 224.0.23.12). Was this IP multicast address changed?
Was the default SSID of the wireless access point changed? Was the periodic transmission
of the SSID after installation deactivated?
Have ports of routers for KNX been closed towards the internet and was the default gate-
way of the used KNXnet/IP router set to 0? Was the (W)LAN installation protected by an
appropriate firewall?
If internet access to a KNX installation is needed, check the possibility to implement:
1. Establishing a VPN connection to the Internet Router
2. Use of manufacturer specific KNX Object Servers
5. Is Radio Frequency used as communication medium?
Have you taken the same measures for the media coupler as given in item 6?
Does each RF domain have a different domain address?
6. Have you used couplers in the installation?
Were individual addresses of devices assigned according to their place in the topology?
Do you prevent via the setting of appropriate parameters in the couplers
that incorrect source addresses are not forwarded outside the line?
Do you block Point-to-Point and Broadcast communication across couplers?
Have the filter tables been loaded correctly and have settings been made
in such a way that filter tables are taken into account by the couplers?
Have you considered the measures as given under item 7 for the couplers?
8. Do you use KNX Secure2
devices?
For group communication that needs to be secured, use the foreseen authentication
and encryption mechanisms of the device.
7. Have devices been locked against re-configuration?
If not, enter a BCU key1
in the ETS Project.
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30 | Checklist | Checklist for increased security and privacy in KNX installations
1
Not all devices can be protected against re-configuration – contact the relevant manufacturer
2
Available from ETS 5.5 onwards
3
Is not supported in all devices
9. Do you suspect unauthorized access to the bus?
Record telegram traffic and analyse it. In the case of KNX Secure devices, read the Failure
Logs. Document the time and observed effects (what happens, what does not happen, why
and when)? Disable the internet connection of the KNX system and check, whether the ef-
fects disappear or not. Contact the hotline of the manufacturer: are the effects or security
problems known at the manufacturer, are updates available?
Read the PID_Device_Control3
from devices and check whether devices
are sending using the same Individual Address.
Read the PID_Download_Counter3
from devices and check whether the device
was downloaded again after your configuration.
10. Have devices been locked against re-configuration?
When KNX is coupled to security installations, was this realized in any of the following
ways?
1. Via KNX devices or gateways certified by national loss insurers?
2. Via potential free contacts (binary inputs, push button interfaces, ...)?
3. Via appropriate interfaces (RS232, ...) or gateways: was it ensured
that KNX communication is unable to trigger security relevant functions
in the security part of the installation?
11. General Security Measures
Is ETS up to date?
1. Is the PC, on which the ETS is installed, secure (up to date virus scan, newest operat-
ing system update)? It is recommended, to use a dedicated device for KNX design and
commissioning.
2. During the installation, it shall be avoided to hook other untrusted data storage devices
up to the PC (USB, external hard drive, …).
3. ETS Plug-ins and Apps shall preferably be installed prior to the installation
4. Backup the project file after the installation (ideally on a secured USB stick, which is
stored safely) and delete the project from the PC.
Is the firmware of the used devices up to date?
12. Further Privacy measures (GDPR)
Installer and customer shall sign a privacy declaration.
In order to fulfil the GDPR regulations, the installer shall hand over a copy of the ETS project
file to the customer.
31.
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