Knee injuries for MBBS (undergraduate students). This presentation deals with injuries to the bones and ligaments around the knee as well as gives a brief overview on the dislocations of the knee and patella.
Knee injuries for MBBS (undergraduate students). This presentation deals with injuries to the bones and ligaments around the knee as well as gives a brief overview on the dislocations of the knee and patella.
Injuries to a ligament are common, especially during athletic activity. Ligaments in the ankle, knee, and wrist are consistently in action during athletic activity and thus are under a lot of stress.
Dr. Bharani Kumar Dayanandam is a prominent Orthopaedic Surgeon providing a wide range of treatments for Shoulder Injuries in Chennai, India
Visit us @ https://www.chennaiorthopaedics.com
This presentation is made to act as a guide and a short reminder to clinicians and medical students on Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture, which is a medical condition that can lead to activities limitation and public participation restriction. This presentation explore aspects of the condition such as what it is, causes, how it can be diagnosed, how it can be managed and others.
Rotator cuff tear is a very common orthopedic condition, which causes shoulder pain and stiffness. The slides are on rotator cuff tears and its management by open repair, mini open repair & by arthroscopy
Tendoachilles rupture and its managementRohan Vakta
Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon of body. There are many causes of its rupture. It can be acute or chronic rupture. Management of chronic rupture by semitendinosus tendon is mentioned here.
Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical EducationJ. Priyanka
Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical Education
Responsibilities of a Teacher
Effective Teaching
Supervision
Motivation
Student Oriented Teaching
Planning
Methods
Class management
Other Duties
Teachers Role
Plyometrics and types of Periodisation)J. Priyanka
Plyometrics
Goals of Plyometrics
Plyometrics Exercises
Plyometrics Effectiveness
Benefits of Plyometrics
Guidelines for Plyometrics training
Plyometrics in Rehabilitation
Periodisation
Objectives of Periodisation
Types of Periodisation
Benefits of Periodisation
Injuries to a ligament are common, especially during athletic activity. Ligaments in the ankle, knee, and wrist are consistently in action during athletic activity and thus are under a lot of stress.
Dr. Bharani Kumar Dayanandam is a prominent Orthopaedic Surgeon providing a wide range of treatments for Shoulder Injuries in Chennai, India
Visit us @ https://www.chennaiorthopaedics.com
This presentation is made to act as a guide and a short reminder to clinicians and medical students on Volkmann's Ischaemic Contracture, which is a medical condition that can lead to activities limitation and public participation restriction. This presentation explore aspects of the condition such as what it is, causes, how it can be diagnosed, how it can be managed and others.
Rotator cuff tear is a very common orthopedic condition, which causes shoulder pain and stiffness. The slides are on rotator cuff tears and its management by open repair, mini open repair & by arthroscopy
Tendoachilles rupture and its managementRohan Vakta
Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon of body. There are many causes of its rupture. It can be acute or chronic rupture. Management of chronic rupture by semitendinosus tendon is mentioned here.
Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical EducationJ. Priyanka
Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical Education
Responsibilities of a Teacher
Effective Teaching
Supervision
Motivation
Student Oriented Teaching
Planning
Methods
Class management
Other Duties
Teachers Role
Plyometrics and types of Periodisation)J. Priyanka
Plyometrics
Goals of Plyometrics
Plyometrics Exercises
Plyometrics Effectiveness
Benefits of Plyometrics
Guidelines for Plyometrics training
Plyometrics in Rehabilitation
Periodisation
Objectives of Periodisation
Types of Periodisation
Benefits of Periodisation
Health and Hygiene
Hygiene: Meaning
What is Personal Hygiene
Why required?
Importance of Health & Hygiene
Cleanliness
Teeth
Ears
Eyes
Nose & Throat
Hands
Nails and Fingers
Skin
Hairs
Clothes
Feet
SPORTS INJURIES
INTRODUCTION ABOUT SPORTS INJURIES
MEANING OR DEFINITION "SPORTS INJURIES"
CLASSIFICATION ON VARIOUS BASIS
CAUSES OF SPORTS INJURIES
PREVENTION OF SPORTS INJURIES
TREATMENT OF SPORTS INJURIES
REHABILITATION OF SPORTS INJURIES
PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILDUP AFTER INJURY
Ankle Injuries
Anatomy of Ankle Joint
Explanation
What is ankle injuries
Ankle Sprain Classification
Treatment of Ankle Injuries
What should be Avoided ?
Rehabilitation Programme ..
WHAT IS CURRICULUM
MEANING AND ITS DEFINITIONS
PROCESS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
ITS STAGES (CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT )
GUIDELINES FOR CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
FACTORS AFFECTING CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT.
REFERENCES
FEEDBACK : INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS OF DIFFERENT TERMS
PURPOSE OF FEEDBACK
DIFFERENT KINDS OF FEEDBACK.
HOW TO MAKE LESSON EFFECTIVE
LESSON CONTENTS
WHAT MAKES A SOLD AND EFFECTIVE LESSON PLAN
REFERENCES.
Introduction
Talent Definition
Importance of Talent Identification
Componenets
Stages of pursuit of excellence
Steps for talents and its promotion
Dimension of Family
Key Factors for talent Identification
"Observation" the main key Factor
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY J. Priyanka
Nervous System : What is it?
Divisions
Functions of Nervous System
Neuron
Neuron Types
Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Neural System
Autonomic Neural System
Can read freely here
https://sethiortho.blogspot.com/
Examination of Knee Joint Ligaments
SethiNet Presentations
Introduction
Proper use of the examination techniques requires
An understanding of the anatomy
Pathophysiology of knee ligament injuries
Advanced imaging - Augment a history and examination when necessary
Imaging should not replace a thorough history and physical examination
History taking
A description of the mechanism of injury
The patient should be queried about previous injuries
The current injury may be the sequela of a previous injury
Common ligament Injuries
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Anatomy
The ACL originates at posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle
Wide tibial insertion at the lateral aspect of the anterior tibial spine
The ACL has two fiber bundles
The anteromedial
Posterolateral bundles
Which provide varying tension from flexion through extension
Functions
Primary restraint against anterior tibial translation
Provides rotational stability, especially in extension
ACL - Mechanism of Injury
Injury to the knee ligaments is typically the result of
A non contact change in direction
Twisting injury
Landing from a jump.
The patient often describes a “pop” that is felt or heard at injury
The appearance of swelling (hemarthrosis) within a few hours
ACL -Examinations
Examinations
The Anterior drawer test
The Lachman Test
The Pivot Shift Test
Novel Tests
ACL - Anterior drawer test
Patient with patient supine position
The hip flexed at 45° / knee flexed at 90°
The foot is fixed to the table - often by sitting on it
The clinician applies an anterior force to the proximal tibia, palpating the joint line for anterior translation.
Increased anterior translation indicates ACL insufficiency.
Sensitivity – only 50% with the patient under anesthesia
because the posterior horn of the medial meniscus may act as a so-called doorstop that prevents anterior translation, even in the presence of a torn ACL.
ACL - Lachman Test
It was designed to overcome three identified limitations of the anterior drawer test
Acute effusion that often precludes flexion to 90°
Protective spasm of the hamstring muscles that can prevent anterior translation of the tibia
The articulation of the relatively acute convexity of the posterior medial femoral condyle and the posterior horn of the medial meniscus that buttresses and prevents anterior translation of the tibia.
These limitations can lead to false-negative findings
The Lachman test is typically done with the knee flexed 20° to 30°.
The examiner places one hand laterally on the patient’s thigh to stabilize the femur
while the other hand grasps the proximal and more subcutaneous medial tibia and applies anterior stres
The test is positive
In the presence of anterior translation
A soft or mushy end point.
When the ACL is intact, the end point is hard
ACL - Grading - Lachman test
posterior curciate liagment injury, machanisum of injury, type of injury, special test, associated injuries ti PCL injury, physiotherapy treatment
posteior sag test, posterior drawer test, abduction stress test, adduction stress test, day wie trsetment
Elbow joint is a complex multiarticular joint. Its stability is provided by multiple factors , however unstable elbow is not uncommon .
"Types of elbow instability, how to suspect , diagnose and how to treat" .
All these will be discussed at the lecture which will be presented by Dr. Ahmed Saleh (assistant Lecturer at Mansoura University Hospitals.
Sports Psycholgy
growth and Development through Physical Activity
Growth Meaning
Development:Meaning
Various Stages of Life
Prenatal
Postnatal
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Old age
Importance of Physical Activity for Childern
Children and Physical Activity
Kinesiology and Biomechanics: Shoulder jointJ. Priyanka
Objectives of the presentation
Introduction
Shoulder Joint Muscles
Pectoralis Major
Coracobrachilis
Subscapularis
Deltoid
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Fundamental movements
Introduction
Definition of Functional Fitness
Goals
Important elements of Functional Fitness
Fitness for elderly people
Aerobic Exercises
Gym or fitness Centers
benefits of Fitness
Load and Adaptation
Objectives
Introduction
Load
Training Load
Types of Load
Features of Load
Principles of Load
Principles of Volume
Adaptation
Adaptation Process
Relationship between load and adaptation
Condition of Adaptation
Overload
Causes of overload
Symptoms of overload
Methods to tackle overload
Role of Physiotherapist in Sports
Physiotherapy: Meaning
Physiotherapists
Sports Physiotherapy
Need of Physiotherapy
Aim of Physiothearpy
Role of Physiotherapists
Pre-Competition
During Competition
Post Competition
General Role
Introduction to digestive system
Organs of digestive tract
Mouth and their different enzymes and actions
salivary glands
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine and funcions
Large Intestine and functions
Anus
Assessary Organs
Liver
Pancreas
Digestive system Physiology
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation.
Excretion
In Detail Central Nervous System
Introduction
Functions Of CNS
Neuron
Types of Neuron
Brain
Parts of Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous system
Introduction of Sports Injuries
Definition of Sports Injuries
Classification of Sports Injuries
Types of Sports Injuries
Common Sports Injuires
Soft tissue injuires
Bone Injuries
Causes of Sports Injuires
Prevention
Their treatment
Management of sports injuries
Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries
Psychological buildup of athletes
What is blood..
Its composition??
Plasma
Blood Cells (RBC, WBC, Platelets)
Its types
Its functions
FACTS AND FIGURES
Disorders of blood
Sequential Arrangement
Function of blood
Disorders of blood??
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. Objectives
• To provide a review of common knee injuries,
• To describe the epidemiology of these injuries,
• To review the diagnostic examinations available for
further evaluation,
• To describe the preliminary management of knee
injuries,
2
3. Basic Anatomy of the Knee
• Large Hinge Joint
• Major bones:
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
3
5. The 2 Cruciates
• ACL : passes from anterior intercondyloid fossa
of tibia to the back part of the medial surface of
the lateral condyle of the femur.
• PCL: This is shorter and stronger ligament
than the ACL, passing upward and forward from
the posterior intercondyloid fossa of the tibia to
the lateral and front part of the medial condyle
of the femur.
5
6. Menisci
• The menisci are discs of fibro cartilage attached to tibial plateaus.
They are thicker along the periphery.
7. Range of Motion
• The knee should be able to range from
hyperextension to 135 degrees of flexion.
• Loss of active extension and inability to maintain
passive extension are indicative of quadriceps
and patellar tendon injuries.
7
9. F
E
M
U
R
T
I
B
I
A
PATELLA
The ACL prevents the
femur from sliding
posteriorly on the tibia or
the tibia from sliding
anteriorly on the femur.
The PCL prevents the femur
from sliding anteriorly on the
tibia or the tibia from sliding
posteriorly on the femur.
10. Menisci Function
• increases stability by
deepening tibial plateaus
• decreases friction by 20%
• increases contact area by
70%
• absorbs shock
• removal of menisci does NOT
preclude normal motion, but
.increase wear on
articulating surfaces
.increase chance of
developing degenerative
joint disease
11. Types of Knee Injuries
• Injuries to one or more of the ligaments of the
knee (ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL)
• Injuries to the bony structures (Patellar
fractures, femur fractures, tibial fractures)
• Injuries to the meniscus and articulating surface
11
12. Acute injuries
1.injuries to the ligaments
2.injuries to the cartilages
3. bone injuries
a. patella fracture
b. epiphysial fractures
12
14. ACL injury
1) attempting a rapid cutting maneuver
with foot in contact with the ground and
knee flexed (problem exacerbated if an
external force applied to knee during
this movement)
2) knee hyperextension with internal
tibial rotation
Example
backward falling skier - boot and
skis accelerate forward creating an
anterior drawer mechanism
15. ACL injuries
• 50% of ACL injuries are associated with meniscal injuries
• Often associated with bleeding and thus immediate
swelling
• Grade I and II should be managed conservatively with
pain meds and range of motion exercises
• Patient should be made non weight bearing
• If possible, patient should not be placed in a knee
immobilizer if an isolated injury
15
16. Torn Anterior Cruciate Ligament
• Signs and Sx
▫ Hear or feel a pop
▫ Rapid effusion
▫ Buckling of the knee
▫ Guarding will occur quickly so
special tests need to be done
within 5 minutes of injury
• Treatment
▫ Splinting, ice, compressive
wrap and crutches.
▫ Surgery for a ACL tear in
necessary
▫ Not typically seen with
grades, but they do occur
▫ MRI is confirmation for
diagnosis
17. ACL injuries also commonly occur with
hyperextension of the knee, deceleration and
valgus stress.
20. Stepwise evaluation of the injured
knee
• Palpate the knee and determine the areas of maximal
tenderness
• Examine and note the presence and location of any
effusion
• Evaluate the Range of Motion at the Knee
• Evaluate the movement and stability of the patella
• Perform specific ligamentous stability testing
• Perform Meniscal examination
• Examine for neurovascular compromise
20
21. ACL Testing
Anterior Drawer sign
• Supine position.
• hip flexed 45 degrees, the
knee passively held in 90
degrees of flexion with the
tibia in neutral rotation.
• The examiner stabilizes the
lower extremity by gently
sitting on the foot.
• A gentle anterior force to the
proximal tibia is applied
22. Lachman Test
• Supine position.
• The knee is passively held in 30 degrees of flexion.
• With one hand, the distal femur is stabilized and with
the other hand a gentle anterior force to the proximal
tibia is applied.
23. PCL injuries
• Hyperflexion and Dashboard injuries when
isolated injury
• Generally managed non-operatively
• Treated long term with quadriceps
strengthening
23
24. PCL Injuries
Most common mechanism for PCL alone to be injured is from a direct blow to
the front of the knee while the knee is bent.
Automobile accident
1. Automobile strikes another and stops suddenly
2. Front passenger or driver slides forward.
3. Bent knee hits the dashboard just below the knee cap forcing tibia
backwards on the femur tearing PCL.
The same force can occur during a fall on the bent knee, where
the force of the fall on the tibia pushes it back against the femur
and tears the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
26. PCL Testing
• Posterior Drawer sign
▫ Gold Standard
▫ Performed similarly to
Anterior drawer sign
Posterior Sag Sign
-Observe the lag at maximum
muscle relaxation
-Compare to unaffected leg
26
27. Posterior Drawer Test
• Patient is in the supine position.
• The hip is flexed 45 degrees and the knee is passively
held in 90 degrees of flexion with the tibia in neutral
rotation.
• The examiner stabilizes the lower extremity by sitting on
the foot.
• A gentle posterior force to the proximal tibia is applied.
• When the tibia moves posterior with respect to the
femur, the test is positive and a PCL.
• Sensitivity 51% to 90%. Specificity 99%.
29. Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain
• Signs and Sx
▫ Limited ROM
▫ Tenderness at either
insertion of MCL or along
ligament length.
▫ Various levels of pain and
laxity to medial knee
Special Test
Valgus Stress Test
• Treatment
▫ RICE and protect
▫ Ice and Interferential
▫ Straight leg strengthening
initially.
▫ Immobilize if necessary
30. MCL Testing
• Valgus stressing of the
MCL at both 0 and 30
degrees
• Testing at 30 degrees
removes the stabilization
provided by the cruciate
ligaments
30
31. Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain
• Not as common as the MCL
sprain.
• Caused by a medial force to
the knee joint or a twisting.
• Classified with 3 grades like
any other sprain.
32. Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain
• Signs and Sx
▫ Limited ROM
▫ Tenderness at either insertion of LCL or along
ligament length.
▫ Various levels of pain and laxity to lateral knee
33. Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain
• Treatment
▫ RICE and protect
▫ Ice and Interferential
▫ Straight leg
strengthening initially.
▫ Immobilize if necessary
34. LCL Testing
• LCL testing similar to
MCL testing
• Varus stress testing
• Performed at 0 and 30
degrees
34
35. Meniscal Injuries
• Crescent shaped semilunar
fibrocartilaginous structures
• Diagnosis via MRI after
clinical suspicion
• Unless locking, initial
management is NSAIDs, ice,
knee immobilization, non
weight bearing, and
orthopedic referral
• Ultimate management is
determined often secondary
to associate ligamentous
injury
35
36. Meniscal Tear
. Mechanism
▫ Young: twisting or pivoting
▫ Older: minor trauma
• Signs and Sx
▫ Swelling
▫ Catching
▫ Giving way
▫ Locking
37. Meniscal Testing
• McMurray’s Test to
evaluate for Meniscal
injury
• Positive test is
“clicking” along joint
line along with pain
during internal and
external rotation
37
38. McMurrays Test
• The lateral meniscus is tested by:
▫ Passive flexion, valgus stress, and internal
rotation of the lower leg. During slow
extension of the knee while maintaining valgus
stress and internal rotation.
▫ A snap on the lateral joint line may be
palpated, this indicates a positive test.
• Sensitivity 51% to 53%, Specificity 59% to 97%.
• Therefore, a negative test does not exclude a
meniscal tear.
39. McMurray Test
• Patient in supine
• The medial meniscus is tested by:
▫ Passive flexion, varus stress, and external
rotation of the lower leg. During slow
extension of the knee while maintaining the
varus stress and external rotation.
▫ A snap on the medial joint line may be
palpated; this indicates a positive test.
40. Patellar Fractures
• If extension is possible
without displacement
▫ non operative
management
▫ Initially treated in knee
immobilizer
▫ Treated long leg cast 4-
6 weeks
▫ Operative management
consists of ORIF
40
41. Patellar Testing
• Examine the patella,
with ROM testing,
feeling for catches
and grinding
• Next test the
movement of the
patella testing for
lateral laxity (Patellar
Dislocation
41
openmichigan, YouTube
42. Chronic Injuries
1. Patellar Tendonitis
2. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
3. Subluxation of Patella
4. Chondromalacia
5. Osgood-Schlatters Disease
6. IT Band Syndrome
43. Iliotibial Band Syndrome
• IT-band
▫ thick strong band of
ligamentous tissue
▫ connects tensor fascia
latae to the lateral
condyle of the femur and
the lateral tuberosity of
the tibia
• IT-band rubs against
the lateral femoral
condyle when there is
excessive tension
44. Iliotibial Band Syndrome
• Special Tests- ober’s
• Treatment
▫ Modification of gait or
footwear
▫ Icing of the area
▫ Massage of the area
▫ Reduce activity
45. Chondromalacia
• This is a Latin term meaning “bad cartilage” or breakdown or
softening of the articular cartilage of the patella
• The cartilage surface on the underside of the patella becomes soft.
Part of the cartilage can become stringy and flake off at times. Part
of the surface may become roughened.
• Causes
1. Training errors
Increasing intensity too soon
1. Weak vastus medialis muscle
2. Large Q angle
Greater than 25 for women and 20 for men
1. Pronation of the foot causing the tibia to medial rotate
2. Gender - more common in women
3. Poor footwear and/or surface
49. Ultrasound
• Often used to examine the musculature of a joint
while in use
• Provides dynamic imaging for examining muscle
tears, tendon ruptures, and other soft tissue
injuries.
49
50. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Most useful for
examination of meniscal
injuries
• Can be used for
evaluating for
ligamentous injury
▫ ACL has high
sensitivity but poor
sensitivity in
determining complete
versus partial tear
▫ Very sensitive in PCL
50
51. Preferred Treatment
• Acute: Rest, Ice, Activity Modification, Surgery
▫ Meniscal tears will not normally heal without help
unless very young
• Chronic: Surgical excision
52. Preferred Treatment
• Non Surgical: Activity Modification, Pain
Medications, Injections
• Surgical:
• Arthroscopic debridement and removal of lose
fragments
• Procedures to restore weight bearing surface
▫ Resurfacing, Cartilage Transplant, Joint Replacement
Joint lies between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateaus
Anterior Instability
In the acute injury, hemarthrosis is mostly present. This may limit knee flexion, whereas torn fibers of the ACL can mechanically prevent full extension.
Comparison with the contralateral knee is mandatory.