Spaces of middle ear and their surgical importanceDr Soumya Singh
one of the imp topics in ENT that should be understood very thoroughly if u want to pursue as an otologist.I tried to simplify the topic with simple diagrams and models for better understanding .
Infratemporal fossa a systematic approachAugustine raj
infratemporal fossa is a irregular space with numerous neurovascular structures. an attempt has been made by me to decode all the boundaries and structures in a systematic way. sincere thanks to Dr. Viren Karia for his awesome video.
1. The petrous apex is a pyramid-shaped structure within the temporal bone that contains several vascular and neural channels.
2. Cholesterol granulomas are the most common petrous apex lesions, appearing hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Other developmental lesions include cholesteatomas, mucoceles, and cephaloceles.
3. Inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular, and osseous dysplasia lesions can also involve the petrous apex. Large or cranial nerve-compressing lesions may cause symptoms like hearing loss, facial weakness, or trigeminal nerve dysfunction.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the naso, oro and hypopharynx.Abdellah Nazeer
The document describes the anatomy and structures of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It discusses how the pharynx is divided into three compartments - the nasopharynx extends from the skull base to the soft palate, the oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone, and the hypopharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the cricopharyngeus muscle. It provides details on the muscles, tissues, and spaces associated with each compartment, including the levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, lingual tonsils, valleculae, and piriform sinuses.
Endoscopic anatomy of lateral wall of sphenoid sinusAnkit Choudhary
This document discusses the endoscopic anatomy of the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus and important relationships. It notes that the sphenoid ostium opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess 1-1.5cm above the roof of the choana. Below the ostium lies the Woodruff's plexus and the septal branch of the sphenopalatine artery runs across the anterior wall. Approaches to the sphenoid sinus include paraseptal, intermediate, and lateral. Precautions are discussed such as dilating the ostium inferiomedially first and taking care with dehiscent structures like the optic nerve or internal carotid artery.
Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor of the vestibular nerve sheath cells. It accounts for 6% of all intracranial tumors and 80-90% of cerebellopontine angle tumors. The tumor grows medially from the Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve and presents in stages ranging from isolated otological symptoms to brainstem compression. Diagnosis involves radiological investigations like CT, MRI and MRA. Treatment options include observation, surgery, and stereotactic radiosurgery depending on tumor size and patient factors.
This document discusses the trans-sphenoidal surgical approach for pituitary adenomas. It covers indications for surgery including pituitary apoplexy. Contraindications and preoperative evaluation are also outlined. The document then describes the standard trans-sphenoidal approach and alternative approaches. Complications related to the approach, intrasphenoidal, intrasellar, and supraseilar areas are summarized. The conclusion emphasizes the safety and low complication rate of the trans-sphenoidal approach compared to other options.
This document discusses various laryngeal surgeries including:
1. Endoscopic resections, vertical partial laryngectomies, and total laryngectomy are discussed as options for glottic cancer treatment. Complications can include bleeding, airway obstruction, and laryngeal stenosis.
2. Supraglottic laryngectomy and supracricoid partial laryngectomy are options for supraglottic cancers while preserving the larynx. Patient selection is important due to risk of aspiration.
3. Voice rehabilitation options after total laryngectomy include electrolarynx, esophageal voice, or tracheoesophageal voice via a puncture and fistula between the trachea and es
Spaces of middle ear and their surgical importanceDr Soumya Singh
one of the imp topics in ENT that should be understood very thoroughly if u want to pursue as an otologist.I tried to simplify the topic with simple diagrams and models for better understanding .
Infratemporal fossa a systematic approachAugustine raj
infratemporal fossa is a irregular space with numerous neurovascular structures. an attempt has been made by me to decode all the boundaries and structures in a systematic way. sincere thanks to Dr. Viren Karia for his awesome video.
1. The petrous apex is a pyramid-shaped structure within the temporal bone that contains several vascular and neural channels.
2. Cholesterol granulomas are the most common petrous apex lesions, appearing hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Other developmental lesions include cholesteatomas, mucoceles, and cephaloceles.
3. Inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular, and osseous dysplasia lesions can also involve the petrous apex. Large or cranial nerve-compressing lesions may cause symptoms like hearing loss, facial weakness, or trigeminal nerve dysfunction.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological anatomy of the naso, oro and hypopharynx.Abdellah Nazeer
The document describes the anatomy and structures of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. It discusses how the pharynx is divided into three compartments - the nasopharynx extends from the skull base to the soft palate, the oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone, and the hypopharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the cricopharyngeus muscle. It provides details on the muscles, tissues, and spaces associated with each compartment, including the levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, lingual tonsils, valleculae, and piriform sinuses.
Endoscopic anatomy of lateral wall of sphenoid sinusAnkit Choudhary
This document discusses the endoscopic anatomy of the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus and important relationships. It notes that the sphenoid ostium opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess 1-1.5cm above the roof of the choana. Below the ostium lies the Woodruff's plexus and the septal branch of the sphenopalatine artery runs across the anterior wall. Approaches to the sphenoid sinus include paraseptal, intermediate, and lateral. Precautions are discussed such as dilating the ostium inferiomedially first and taking care with dehiscent structures like the optic nerve or internal carotid artery.
Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor of the vestibular nerve sheath cells. It accounts for 6% of all intracranial tumors and 80-90% of cerebellopontine angle tumors. The tumor grows medially from the Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve and presents in stages ranging from isolated otological symptoms to brainstem compression. Diagnosis involves radiological investigations like CT, MRI and MRA. Treatment options include observation, surgery, and stereotactic radiosurgery depending on tumor size and patient factors.
This document discusses the trans-sphenoidal surgical approach for pituitary adenomas. It covers indications for surgery including pituitary apoplexy. Contraindications and preoperative evaluation are also outlined. The document then describes the standard trans-sphenoidal approach and alternative approaches. Complications related to the approach, intrasphenoidal, intrasellar, and supraseilar areas are summarized. The conclusion emphasizes the safety and low complication rate of the trans-sphenoidal approach compared to other options.
This document discusses various laryngeal surgeries including:
1. Endoscopic resections, vertical partial laryngectomies, and total laryngectomy are discussed as options for glottic cancer treatment. Complications can include bleeding, airway obstruction, and laryngeal stenosis.
2. Supraglottic laryngectomy and supracricoid partial laryngectomy are options for supraglottic cancers while preserving the larynx. Patient selection is important due to risk of aspiration.
3. Voice rehabilitation options after total laryngectomy include electrolarynx, esophageal voice, or tracheoesophageal voice via a puncture and fistula between the trachea and es
The key points are:
1. Tumors of the parapharyngeal space can be divided into those originating from salivary glands (most common), nerves, and other miscellaneous sources.
2. Imaging such as CT and MRI are important for diagnosis and determining the relationship to surrounding structures like blood vessels.
3. Surgical excision is usually the primary treatment, with the approach depending on factors like location and size of the tumor.
4. Observation or radiation therapy may be considered for patients who are not surgical candidates or if the tumor is not resectable.
Cross Sectional Anatomy of Paranasal sinus Sarbesh Tiwari
The document summarizes the anatomy and variations of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the locations and openings of the different sinus groups. Key anatomical structures involved in sinus drainage like the osteomeatal complex are also explained. Common anatomic variations seen on imaging that can affect sinus drainage are discussed. These variations include concha bullosa, Haller cells, Onodi cells and pneumatization of surrounding bones.
This document describes various approaches to the petrous apex, including the middle cranial fossa transpetrous approach. It discusses the landmarks and surgical anatomy relevant to this approach, including exposing the internal auditory canal and petrous apex by drilling bone. It also mentions combining the frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approach with the Kawase approach to access the middle and posterior cranial fossae. Several references are provided with links to videos and papers on these techniques.
a basic description of temporal bone anatomy which is necessary for primary radiologic evaluation of temporal bone imaging and some important points and differential diagnoses in related imaging.
This document provides information about a presentation on the skull base titled "SKULL BASE 360°-Part 1". It includes links to Part 2 of the presentation and the presenter's website for other skull base presentations. The document discusses various approaches to the skull base, including endoscopic, open, and combined approaches. Anatomical structures of the skull base are described such as nerves, blood vessels, and bones. Approaches covered include transmaxillary, translabyrinthine, and retrosigmoid approaches.
Failed fess spectrum of ct findings in the frontal recesshimanshuslides
This document discusses the anatomy of the frontal recess and common variants that can cause sinusitis. It describes the boundaries and cells that can form in the frontal recess, including agger nasi, frontal, supraorbital ethmoid, frontal bullar, and suprabullar cells. Common endoscopic sinus surgery procedures for the frontal recess are discussed, including Draf type I, II, and modified Lothrop procedures. CT findings associated with frontal recess surgery failure include residual frontal recess cells, retained uncinate process, lateralized middle turbinate, and scarring. Recognition of anatomical variants is important to avoid incomplete surgery.
This document describes the surgical technique for middle fossa surgery. It discusses the important anatomical landmarks in the middle fossa approach including the greater superficial petrosal nerve and arcuate eminence. It provides details on patient positioning, incision, craniotomy, exposure of the middle fossa floor, and finding the internal auditory canal medially and laterally. Applications of the middle fossa approach are summarized, including vestibular schwannoma surgery, vestibular neurectomy, facial nerve surgery, repair of tegmen defects, and petrous apicectomy. The middle fossa approach provides superior access while preserving inner ear function and the proximal intratemporal facial nerve.
Jugular foramen anatomy and approachesDikpal Singh
The jugular foramen is located at the skull base and formed by bones of the temporal and occipital bones. It contains nerves IX-XI and often the inferior petrosal sinus. Approaches to access the jugular foramen include posterior, lateral, and anterior. The posterior approach uses a suboccipital retrosigmoid, transcondylar, or supracondylar route. Lateral approaches are juxtacondylar or lateral skull base. Anterior approaches use a postauricular transtemporal or preauricular subtemporal route. Surgical techniques aim to expose the jugular foramen while preserving nearby structures like cranial nerves and vessels.
The document describes the different levels and boundaries of the larynx. It defines the supraglottic region as extending from the tip of the epiglottis to the laryngeal ventricle. The glottis extends from the ventricle to 1 cm below the true vocal cords. The subglottic region extends from the true vocal cords to the inferior portion of the cricoid cartilage. It also provides details on the structures within each region such as the false vocal cords in the supraglottis and the true vocal cords in the glottis.
Anatomy of parapharyngeal space and its tumoursjassicajassica
1. The parapharyngeal space is an inverted pyramidal space bounded by the skull base superiorly, the greater cornu of the hyoid bone inferiorly, and the carotid sheath posteriorly. (2) Salivary gland tumors, schwannomas, and paragangliomas are common tumor types found in the parapharyngeal space. (3) Evaluation involves imaging such as CT and MRI to determine tumor location, size, and relationship to surrounding structures, while biopsy is used for diagnosis.
The document provides detailed anatomical information about the sellar and suprasellar region. It describes the structures of the sphenoid bone, sphenoid sinus, diaphragma sellae, pituitary gland, cavernous sinus and their relationships. It also discusses the anatomy of the third ventricle and surrounding structures important for pituitary adenoma surgery, including cranial nerves, blood vessels and cisterns. Common tumors of the sellar region are also listed, along with surgical techniques for tumor removal such as transphenoidal hypophysectomy, transcranial hypophysectomy and computer-assisted surgery.
This radiology report contains two X-ray images of a patient's skull. An AP (anterior-posterior) view and a lateral view are included to examine the skull from different angles. No abnormalities are noted on the skull X-rays based on the limited information provided.
This document discusses the management of laryngeal cancer. It covers treatment options for different stages of glottic and supraglottic cancers including endoscopic resection, radiation therapy, and open partial laryngectomies like vertical partial laryngectomy and supracricoid partial laryngectomy. It describes the surgical techniques and principles of various open partial laryngectomy procedures and their indications. Post-operative care and expected outcomes are also summarized.
This document discusses the importance of CT scans for identifying anatomy, operative planning, risk assessment, and informed consent in ENT procedures. It outlines key structures visible on axial, coronal, and sagittal CT scan planes of the temporal bone including the semicircular canals, vestibular aqueduct, internal auditory canal, ossicles, cochlea, facial nerve, and direction of scan slices. The document is intended to educate on interpreting temporal bone CT scans for ENT procedures.
Radiological anatomy of infra temporal fossa Roshna Cini
The infratemporal fossa is the space between the skull base, lateral pharyngeal wall, and ramus of the mandible. It is bounded medially by the lateral pterygoid plate, laterally by the ramus and condylar process of the mandible and zygomatic arch, and posteriorly by the carotid sheath. The fossa contains the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, maxillary artery and branches, and the mandibular nerve and its branches. The fossa communicates with the temporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, middle cranial fossa, and orbit.
Presentation2, radiological imaging of neck schwannoma.Abdellah Nazeer
A 32-year-old female presented with a left facial nerve schwannoma. Imaging showed a bilobed hyperintense mass in the left parotid and mastoid regions on T2-weighted imaging, connected by an interconnecting stalk along the vertical segment of the facial nerve. There was restricted diffusion seen within the peripheral rim of the tissue. Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors that commonly occur in the head and neck region, arising from the cranial nerves. They appear as well-defined masses that are iso- to hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted MRI relative to muscle. Characteristic features include identification of the nerve of origin and restricted diffusion.
The document provides an overview of temporal bone anatomy, focusing on the petrous bone and inner ear structures. It describes the five parts of the temporal bone and how sound travels through the external ear canal to the oval window. Imaging techniques for evaluating the temporal bone such as CT and MRI are discussed. Key structures of the inner ear including the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals and their functions are explained in detail.
This document provides an overview of sinonasal malignancy including:
- The complex surgical anatomy of the sinonasal region and proximity to vital structures.
- The histopathological classification and TNM staging of sinonasal cancers.
- Presentation, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management approaches including endoscopic surgery, radiotherapy, and imaging.
- Specific details are provided on surgical procedures like craniofacial resection and midfacial degloving for advanced tumors.
The key points are:
1. Tumors of the parapharyngeal space can be divided into those originating from salivary glands (most common), nerves, and other miscellaneous sources.
2. Imaging such as CT and MRI are important for diagnosis and determining the relationship to surrounding structures like blood vessels.
3. Surgical excision is usually the primary treatment, with the approach depending on factors like location and size of the tumor.
4. Observation or radiation therapy may be considered for patients who are not surgical candidates or if the tumor is not resectable.
Cross Sectional Anatomy of Paranasal sinus Sarbesh Tiwari
The document summarizes the anatomy and variations of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the locations and openings of the different sinus groups. Key anatomical structures involved in sinus drainage like the osteomeatal complex are also explained. Common anatomic variations seen on imaging that can affect sinus drainage are discussed. These variations include concha bullosa, Haller cells, Onodi cells and pneumatization of surrounding bones.
This document describes various approaches to the petrous apex, including the middle cranial fossa transpetrous approach. It discusses the landmarks and surgical anatomy relevant to this approach, including exposing the internal auditory canal and petrous apex by drilling bone. It also mentions combining the frontotemporal orbitozygomatic approach with the Kawase approach to access the middle and posterior cranial fossae. Several references are provided with links to videos and papers on these techniques.
a basic description of temporal bone anatomy which is necessary for primary radiologic evaluation of temporal bone imaging and some important points and differential diagnoses in related imaging.
This document provides information about a presentation on the skull base titled "SKULL BASE 360°-Part 1". It includes links to Part 2 of the presentation and the presenter's website for other skull base presentations. The document discusses various approaches to the skull base, including endoscopic, open, and combined approaches. Anatomical structures of the skull base are described such as nerves, blood vessels, and bones. Approaches covered include transmaxillary, translabyrinthine, and retrosigmoid approaches.
Failed fess spectrum of ct findings in the frontal recesshimanshuslides
This document discusses the anatomy of the frontal recess and common variants that can cause sinusitis. It describes the boundaries and cells that can form in the frontal recess, including agger nasi, frontal, supraorbital ethmoid, frontal bullar, and suprabullar cells. Common endoscopic sinus surgery procedures for the frontal recess are discussed, including Draf type I, II, and modified Lothrop procedures. CT findings associated with frontal recess surgery failure include residual frontal recess cells, retained uncinate process, lateralized middle turbinate, and scarring. Recognition of anatomical variants is important to avoid incomplete surgery.
This document describes the surgical technique for middle fossa surgery. It discusses the important anatomical landmarks in the middle fossa approach including the greater superficial petrosal nerve and arcuate eminence. It provides details on patient positioning, incision, craniotomy, exposure of the middle fossa floor, and finding the internal auditory canal medially and laterally. Applications of the middle fossa approach are summarized, including vestibular schwannoma surgery, vestibular neurectomy, facial nerve surgery, repair of tegmen defects, and petrous apicectomy. The middle fossa approach provides superior access while preserving inner ear function and the proximal intratemporal facial nerve.
Jugular foramen anatomy and approachesDikpal Singh
The jugular foramen is located at the skull base and formed by bones of the temporal and occipital bones. It contains nerves IX-XI and often the inferior petrosal sinus. Approaches to access the jugular foramen include posterior, lateral, and anterior. The posterior approach uses a suboccipital retrosigmoid, transcondylar, or supracondylar route. Lateral approaches are juxtacondylar or lateral skull base. Anterior approaches use a postauricular transtemporal or preauricular subtemporal route. Surgical techniques aim to expose the jugular foramen while preserving nearby structures like cranial nerves and vessels.
The document describes the different levels and boundaries of the larynx. It defines the supraglottic region as extending from the tip of the epiglottis to the laryngeal ventricle. The glottis extends from the ventricle to 1 cm below the true vocal cords. The subglottic region extends from the true vocal cords to the inferior portion of the cricoid cartilage. It also provides details on the structures within each region such as the false vocal cords in the supraglottis and the true vocal cords in the glottis.
Anatomy of parapharyngeal space and its tumoursjassicajassica
1. The parapharyngeal space is an inverted pyramidal space bounded by the skull base superiorly, the greater cornu of the hyoid bone inferiorly, and the carotid sheath posteriorly. (2) Salivary gland tumors, schwannomas, and paragangliomas are common tumor types found in the parapharyngeal space. (3) Evaluation involves imaging such as CT and MRI to determine tumor location, size, and relationship to surrounding structures, while biopsy is used for diagnosis.
The document provides detailed anatomical information about the sellar and suprasellar region. It describes the structures of the sphenoid bone, sphenoid sinus, diaphragma sellae, pituitary gland, cavernous sinus and their relationships. It also discusses the anatomy of the third ventricle and surrounding structures important for pituitary adenoma surgery, including cranial nerves, blood vessels and cisterns. Common tumors of the sellar region are also listed, along with surgical techniques for tumor removal such as transphenoidal hypophysectomy, transcranial hypophysectomy and computer-assisted surgery.
This radiology report contains two X-ray images of a patient's skull. An AP (anterior-posterior) view and a lateral view are included to examine the skull from different angles. No abnormalities are noted on the skull X-rays based on the limited information provided.
This document discusses the management of laryngeal cancer. It covers treatment options for different stages of glottic and supraglottic cancers including endoscopic resection, radiation therapy, and open partial laryngectomies like vertical partial laryngectomy and supracricoid partial laryngectomy. It describes the surgical techniques and principles of various open partial laryngectomy procedures and their indications. Post-operative care and expected outcomes are also summarized.
This document discusses the importance of CT scans for identifying anatomy, operative planning, risk assessment, and informed consent in ENT procedures. It outlines key structures visible on axial, coronal, and sagittal CT scan planes of the temporal bone including the semicircular canals, vestibular aqueduct, internal auditory canal, ossicles, cochlea, facial nerve, and direction of scan slices. The document is intended to educate on interpreting temporal bone CT scans for ENT procedures.
Radiological anatomy of infra temporal fossa Roshna Cini
The infratemporal fossa is the space between the skull base, lateral pharyngeal wall, and ramus of the mandible. It is bounded medially by the lateral pterygoid plate, laterally by the ramus and condylar process of the mandible and zygomatic arch, and posteriorly by the carotid sheath. The fossa contains the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, maxillary artery and branches, and the mandibular nerve and its branches. The fossa communicates with the temporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, middle cranial fossa, and orbit.
Presentation2, radiological imaging of neck schwannoma.Abdellah Nazeer
A 32-year-old female presented with a left facial nerve schwannoma. Imaging showed a bilobed hyperintense mass in the left parotid and mastoid regions on T2-weighted imaging, connected by an interconnecting stalk along the vertical segment of the facial nerve. There was restricted diffusion seen within the peripheral rim of the tissue. Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors that commonly occur in the head and neck region, arising from the cranial nerves. They appear as well-defined masses that are iso- to hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted MRI relative to muscle. Characteristic features include identification of the nerve of origin and restricted diffusion.
The document provides an overview of temporal bone anatomy, focusing on the petrous bone and inner ear structures. It describes the five parts of the temporal bone and how sound travels through the external ear canal to the oval window. Imaging techniques for evaluating the temporal bone such as CT and MRI are discussed. Key structures of the inner ear including the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals and their functions are explained in detail.
This document provides an overview of sinonasal malignancy including:
- The complex surgical anatomy of the sinonasal region and proximity to vital structures.
- The histopathological classification and TNM staging of sinonasal cancers.
- Presentation, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management approaches including endoscopic surgery, radiotherapy, and imaging.
- Specific details are provided on surgical procedures like craniofacial resection and midfacial degloving for advanced tumors.
Developing Information and Digital Literacies with Online Reading Lists - Ker...Talis
This document discusses strategies employed by the University of Reading library to promote the use of online reading lists among faculty and students. It outlines potential barriers to adoption like additional workload. The library aligned reading list creation with information literacy skills, delivered workshops to new faculty, and provided statistics to departments on list usage. Student surveys provided feedback which the library used to develop guidance on annotating lists and dividing readings by level of importance. The goal is to improve engagement with online reading lists and their pedagogical benefits.
Chilean Politics and Society- Desigualdad en Chile y SolucionesSteven Jessen-Howard
Este documento discute el problema de la desigualdad en Chile y posibles soluciones. Explica que Chile tiene una de las distribuciones de ingresos más desiguales del mundo debido a las políticas neoliberales de la dictadura militar y a problemas como falta de empleo y un sistema educativo que favorece a los ricos. Propone soluciones como mejorar el acceso al empleo, especialmente para mujeres y jóvenes, reformar el sistema educativo para hacerlo más equitativo, e implementar políticas económicas y sociales más progresivas como imp
KANAMA VE DİSSEMİNE İNTRAVASKÜLER KOAGÜLASYONsercankuarktek
Dissemine intravasküler koagülasyon (DİK) lokal veya sistemik hücre hasarına cevaben normal hemostatik kontrolün kaybolmasıyla karakterize bir klinik tablodur.
Я занимаюсь CSSO. В ходе работы над ним мне пришлось погрузиться в процесс парсинга CSS. В результате парсер (тот, что в CSSO) был не раз переписан. Пришло время сделать его отдельным инструментом.
Новый быстрый детальный парсер CSS, его AST, области применения и кое-что ещё.
This document contains information about several famous people from different fields. It lists Marie Curie, David Beckham, Pablo Picasso, Hidayet Türkoğlu, Albert Einstein, İdil Biret, Jane Austen, and İbni Sina. It also contains words in different languages related to topics like environment, spirituality, communication, work, and health.
yeditepe universitesi uluslararası kafa tabanı sempozyumu - Mustafa BozbuğaAbdurrahman Şimşek
This document summarizes 4 different cranial base surgery cases performed by Dr. Mustafa Bozbuğa at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital in Turkey. Case 1 involved the removal of a transitional meningioma and cavernoma in the left cranial base via a combined anterior temporal and pterional approach. Case 2 was a large left cranial base tumor removed using a combined transsylvian, anterior temporal, suboccipital and transpetrosal approach. Case 3 involved the total removal and later recurrence of a chordoma in the right cranial base, which was again fully excised. Case 4 described the total resection of a right cere
This document describes several patients who presented with headaches and underwent surgery to clip aneurysms. It provides details about each patient's age, symptoms, neurological exam findings, surgical approaches used, and in some cases pre- and post-operative imaging. Surgeries included pterional, retrosigmoid, infratentorial, and occipital craniotomies to clip aneurysms located on vessels such as the anterior communicating artery. The goal of the procedures was to relieve pressure from ruptured aneurysms causing headaches or other neurological symptoms.
This document describes several patient cases seen at a neurosurgery clinic. It includes details of symptoms, examination findings, surgical procedures, pathology results, and outcomes for patients presenting with meningioma, chordoma, and other conditions. Surgical approaches and total tumor removal are described for most cases. Post-operative courses involved improvement of symptoms or remaining neurologically intact in follow-up for several years.
The document describes the department of neurosurgery at a university hospital. It includes sections on the center of neurosciences and its constituent specialties. It also provides details on the educational background and international training of the head of the department, Prof. Dr. Mustafa Bozbuğa. The document concludes by presenting several case studies covering neuro-oncology and cerebrovascular conditions treated by the department.
24. TEMEL CERRAHİTEMEL CERRAHİ
PRENSİPLERPRENSİPLER
Araknoid diseksiyonAraknoid diseksiyon
BOS drenajıBOS drenajı
Uygun cerrahi planınUygun cerrahi planın
bulunması & izlenmesibulunması & izlenmesi
Benign-malign ayrımıBenign-malign ayrımı
Uygun planda kalınarakUygun planda kalınarak
keskin diseksiyonkeskin diseksiyon
Vital yapılarınVital yapıların
identifikasyonu &identifikasyonu &
diseksiyonudiseksiyonu
TümörünTümörün
devaskülarizasyonudevaskülarizasyonu
Tümör kitlesininTümör kitlesinin
küçültülmesiküçültülmesi
Nörovasküler yapılarınNörovasküler yapıların
korunmasıkorunması
GerektiğindeGerektiğinde
vasküler/kranyal sinirvasküler/kranyal sinir
anastomozlarıanastomozları
Geçici klipleme gerekirseGeçici klipleme gerekirse
serebral korumaserebral koruma
» BarbitüratBarbitürat
» HipertansiyonHipertansiyon
» HipotermiHipotermi
25. KAFA TABANIKAFA TABANI
REKONSTRÜKSİYONUREKONSTRÜKSİYONU
Duranın sugeçirmez tarzda kapatılmasıDuranın sugeçirmez tarzda kapatılması
Açılmış paranazal sinüslerin oblitere edilmesiAçılmış paranazal sinüslerin oblitere edilmesi
Lateral ve posterior faringeal duvarlarınLateral ve posterior faringeal duvarların
devamlılığının sağlanmasıdevamlılığının sağlanması
Ölü boşluk bırakılmamasıÖlü boşluk bırakılmaması
Üç tabakalı rekonstrüksiyonÜç tabakalı rekonstrüksiyon
(gerekirse rejyonal ya da serbest mikrovasküler(gerekirse rejyonal ya da serbest mikrovasküler
flep rekonstrüksiyonu)flep rekonstrüksiyonu)
Vasküler yapıların septik ortamdan izole edilmesiVasküler yapıların septik ortamdan izole edilmesi
Yüksek BOS basıncının kontrol edilmesiYüksek BOS basıncının kontrol edilmesi
26.
27.
28.
29. PTERİONAL YAKLAŞIMPTERİONAL YAKLAŞIM--teknikteknik (1)(1)
çivili başlıkçivili başlık
supine pozisyonsupine pozisyon
baş 30-40° karşı-tarafa dönük, 20° verteksbaş 30-40° karşı-tarafa dönük, 20° verteks
aşağı, boyun rahataşağı, boyun rahat
preauriküler ensizyon, interfasyal diseksiyonpreauriküler ensizyon, interfasyal diseksiyon
(STA ve FT sinir korunması)(STA ve FT sinir korunması)
fronto-temporo-sfenoidal kranyotomifronto-temporo-sfenoidal kranyotomi
kemik rezeksiyonukemik rezeksiyonu (sfenoid kanat,...)(sfenoid kanat,...)
46. temporal pol venlerinin koagülasyonu vetemporal pol venlerinin koagülasyonu ve
kesilmesi ile temporakesilmesi ile temporall lobun serbestleştirilmesi velobun serbestleştirilmesi ve
laterale-posteriora alınmasılaterale-posteriora alınması ((böyleceböylece
interpedünküler ve perimezensefalik alanın dahainterpedünküler ve perimezensefalik alanın daha
geniş bir biçimde ortaya konması sağlanırgeniş bir biçimde ortaya konması sağlanır))
– ± anterior klinoid-optik kanal çatısı rezeksiyonu± anterior klinoid-optik kanal çatısı rezeksiyonu
– ± ICA dural ringlerinin açılması ve böylece ICA± ICA dural ringlerinin açılması ve böylece ICA
klinoidalklinoidal segmentinin açığa konmasısegmentinin açığa konması
– ± posterior klinoid-dorsum rezeksiyonu± posterior klinoid-dorsum rezeksiyonu
– ± tentoryum ensizyonu± tentoryum ensizyonu
– ±......±......
rrekonstrüksiyonekonstrüksiyon veve kapanışkapanış
KOMBİNE PTERİONAL VE PRE(KOMBİNE PTERİONAL VE PRE(//ANTERİOR)ANTERİOR)
TEMPORALTEMPORAL YAKLAŞIMYAKLAŞIM -- teknikteknik (3)(3)
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58. KOMBİNE PTERİONALKOMBİNE PTERİONAL veve PRE(PRE(//ANTERİOR)ANTERİOR)
TEMPORALTEMPORAL YAKLAŞIMYAKLAŞIM -- ekspojurekspojur
frontal & subfrontal bölgefrontal & subfrontal bölge
orbital & retro-orbital bölgeorbital & retro-orbital bölge
sellar, parasellar bölgesellar, parasellar bölge
kavernöz sinüskavernöz sinüs
kiazmatik & retrokiazmatik bölgekiazmatik & retrokiazmatik bölge
tentoryum açıklığıtentoryum açıklığı
interpedünküler fossa & perimezensefalik alaninterpedünküler fossa & perimezensefalik alan
prepontin bölgeprepontin bölge
üst klivus & retroklival alanüst klivus & retroklival alan
klivusta derinleşilebilinirklivusta derinleşilebilinir
59. ORBİTALORBİTAL OSTEOTOMİOSTEOTOMİ
Orbitozigomatik osteotomi (OZO) yapılmasıOrbitozigomatik osteotomi (OZO) yapılması
ile anterior kranyal fossa, temporal kranyalile anterior kranyal fossa, temporal kranyal
fossa, kavernöz sinüs, kiazmatik &fossa, kavernöz sinüs, kiazmatik &
retrokiazmatik bölge, tentoryum açıklığı,retrokiazmatik bölge, tentoryum açıklığı,
interpedünküler fossa & perimezensefalikinterpedünküler fossa & perimezensefalik
alan ve klivustaki bazal lezyonlar daha iyialan ve klivustaki bazal lezyonlar daha iyi
bir şekilde açığa konabilirler.bir şekilde açığa konabilirler.
ORBİTOZİGOMATİKORBİTOZİGOMATİK OSTEOTOMİ (OZO)OSTEOTOMİ (OZO)
86. 14 yaşında kız çocuk14 yaşında kız çocuk
bir yıldır başağrısı ve bulanık görme, bir aydır da kusmabir yıldır başağrısı ve bulanık görme, bir aydır da kusma
sağda fasial parezi, bilateral papilla ödemisağda fasial parezi, bilateral papilla ödemi
87.
88. OZO + kombine pterional transsylvian ve anterior temporal yaklaşımOZO + kombine pterional transsylvian ve anterior temporal yaklaşım
total kitle eksizyonutotal kitle eksizyonu
Erken postoperatif III.kranyal sinir parezisi kontrolde düzeldiErken postoperatif III.kranyal sinir parezisi kontrolde düzeldi
Histopatolojik tanı: KordomaHistopatolojik tanı: Kordoma
89. 50 yaşında bayan hasta50 yaşında bayan hasta
2 yıldır başağrısı, 6 aydır yüzün sol yarısında uyuşukluk2 yıldır başağrısı, 6 aydır yüzün sol yarısında uyuşukluk
Solda V. sinir inervasyonunda hipoesteziSolda V. sinir inervasyonunda hipoestezi
90. Kombine pterional transsilviyan ve anterior temporal yaklaşımla kitlenin totalKombine pterional transsilviyan ve anterior temporal yaklaşımla kitlenin total
eksizyonueksizyonu
Postoperatif dönemde sağda geçici früst hemipareziPostoperatif dönemde sağda geçici früst hemiparezi
Histopatolojik tanı : MeningiomHistopatolojik tanı : Meningiom
91. 33 yaşında bayan hasta33 yaşında bayan hasta
6 aydır başağrısı, bir aydır sağ kulakta işitme kaybı6 aydır başağrısı, bir aydır sağ kulakta işitme kaybı
V1- V2 dermatomunda hipoestezi, sağda VII. sinir paralizisiV1- V2 dermatomunda hipoestezi, sağda VII. sinir paralizisi
Ataksi, sağda serebellar testlerde bozuklukAtaksi, sağda serebellar testlerde bozukluk
92. Sağ suboksipital retrosigmoid yaklaşım ile total kitle eksizyonuSağ suboksipital retrosigmoid yaklaşım ile total kitle eksizyonu
Postoperatif dönemde komplikasyon gelişmediPostoperatif dönemde komplikasyon gelişmedi
Histopatolojik tanı : MeningiomHistopatolojik tanı : Meningiom
93. 59 yaşında, bayan59 yaşında, bayan
3 yıldır baş ve bir yüz yarısında ağrı3 yıldır baş ve bir yüz yarısında ağrı
Normal nörolojik muayeneNormal nörolojik muayene
94. Sağ suboksipital retrosigmoid yaklaşımla totalSağ suboksipital retrosigmoid yaklaşımla total
eksizyoneksizyon
Sağ VII. sinir paralizisiSağ VII. sinir paralizisi → göz kapağına altın plak→ göz kapağına altın plak
Geçici sağ alt kranyal sinir parezileriGeçici sağ alt kranyal sinir parezileri
Histopatolojik tanı : MeningiomHistopatolojik tanı : Meningiom
95. 45 yaşında bayan hasta45 yaşında bayan hasta
2 aydır başağrısı2 aydır başağrısı
Sağda V. sinir alanında hipoesteziSağda V. sinir alanında hipoestezi
96. Sağ OZO + kombine pterional transsilyvian ve anterior temporal yaklaşım, total kitleSağ OZO + kombine pterional transsilyvian ve anterior temporal yaklaşım, total kitle
eksizyonueksizyonu
Histopatolojik tanı : MeningiomHistopatolojik tanı : Meningiom
97. 22 yaşında bayan hasta22 yaşında bayan hasta
bir yıldır ses kısıklığı, yüzünün solbir yıldır ses kısıklığı, yüzünün sol
yarısında uyuşuklukyarısında uyuşukluk
Sol 5. sinir alanında hipoestezi, solSol 5. sinir alanında hipoestezi, sol
fasial paralizi, solda XII. sinir paralizisifasial paralizi, solda XII. sinir paralizisi
98.
99. Sol suboksipital retrosigmoid yaklaşımla kitle eksizyonuSol suboksipital retrosigmoid yaklaşımla kitle eksizyonu
Postoperatif dönemde tarsorafiPostoperatif dönemde tarsorafi
Patoloji : KondrosarkomaPatoloji : Kondrosarkoma
100. 44 yaşında erkek hasta44 yaşında erkek hasta
iki yıldır sağ göz çevresine yayılan ağrı veiki yıldır sağ göz çevresine yayılan ağrı ve
uyuşukluk.uyuşukluk.
102. 70 yaşında, erkek70 yaşında, erkek
bir aydır baş dönmesi, dengesizlik, kusmabir aydır baş dönmesi, dengesizlik, kusma
sağda VI. kranyal sinir paralizisi ve ataksisağda VI. kranyal sinir paralizisi ve ataksi
103. genişletilmiş sağ pterional kranyotomi, transsylvian yaklaşımgenişletilmiş sağ pterional kranyotomi, transsylvian yaklaşım
total kitle eksizyonutotal kitle eksizyonu
sağda III. kranyal sinir paralizisisağda III. kranyal sinir paralizisi
histopatolojik tanı: epidermoid kisthistopatolojik tanı: epidermoid kist
104. 47 yaşında, bayan47 yaşında, bayan
üç yıldır başağrısı, altı aydır çift ve bulanık görmeüç yıldır başağrısı, altı aydır çift ve bulanık görme