This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals, including network history, devices, topologies, protocols, and different types of networks such as LANs, WANs, MANs, and SANs. It also discusses virtual private networks, bandwidth measurements, the OSI model layers, TCP/IP model, encapsulation, and data communication using layers.

1. 1© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Module 2
Networking Fundamentals

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Objectives

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Data Networks

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Network History

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Network History continued

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Networking Devices

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Network Topology

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Network Protocols

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Local-area Networks (LANs)

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Wide-area Networks (WANs)

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Metropolitan-Area Network (MANs)

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Storage-Area Networks (SANS)

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Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

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Benefits of VPNs

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Intranet and Extranet VPN

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Importance of Bandwidth

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Bandwidth Pipe Analogy

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Bandwidth Highway Analogy

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Bandwidth Measurements

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Bandwidth Limitations

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Bandwidth Throughput

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Digital Transfer Calculation

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Digital versus Analog

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Using Layers to Analyze Problems

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Using Layers to Describe Data Communication

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OSI Model

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers
•Provides connectivity and path selection between two host
•Provides Logical address
•No error correction, best effort delivery.

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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OSI Layers

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Peer-to-Peer Communication

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TCP/IP Model

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Encapsulation

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Names for Data at Each Layer

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Summary