The document discusses the history and development of kidney transplantation, noting that while the first successful kidney transplants occurred in the 1950s, significant advancements in tissue typing, immunosuppression, and surgical techniques were required throughout the following decades to allow kidney transplantation to become safer and more routine. It outlines major milestones and medical discoveries that helped overcome barriers to transplantation, such as the first successful transplant between twins in 1954 and developments in dialysis, immunosuppression drugs, and organ preservation techniques.

1. Cavalotto Andrea
Moggia Giovanna

2. •Transplantation is a recent
fenomena.
•Many of the big developments in
this discipline have taken place
within the past 40 years.
•Much of the story of
transplantation is a story of barriers
and how modern scientific medicine
overcame those barriers.

3. 1902 - The first successful experimental kidney transplants were
performed at the Vienna Medical School in Austria with animals.
1909 - The first kidney transplant experiments were performed in
humans in France using animal kidneys.
1933 - The first human-to-human kidney transplant was performed
Unknown to doctors at the time, there were mismatches in donor and
recipient blood groups and the donor kidney never functioned
1940’s - Sir Peter Medawar at the University of London experimented
with the immunologic basis of organ rejection.
Early 1950’s - Cortisone-like medications were used to suppress the
human body’s self-defense system (immune system), resulting in
some kidney transplant success.

4. 1954 - Joseph E. Murray
and his colleagues at Peter
Bent Brigham Hospital in
Boston performed the first
truly successful kidney
transplant from one twin to
another. This was done
without any
immunosuppressive
medication. A photograph
of this procedure is seen
above.
Scientists predicted that
immune system reactions
should be minimal between
The Perfect Match

5. *Late 1950’s - New approaches were needed to prevent the
body from fighting off a “foreign” donor kidney when an
identical twin donor was not available.
*1960’s - TISSUE TYPING ADVANCEMENTS - Better
techniques for matching donor and recipient blood and tissue
types, as well as improvements in preserving cadaveric (from
recently deceased donors) kidneys, were developed.
*1961 - IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ADVANCEMENTS -
Powerful immunosuppressive became available and, in
combination, helped decrease the chance for kidney rejection.
*1980s and 1990s - New techniques, new medications and
new patient information have helped make kidney transplants
a safer, more effective and more routine procedure.

6. In order for successful kidney transplants to become a reality,
science needed to outwit the human body’s own defense
systems.
• THE PROCEDURE
First, surgeons had to develop a surgical procedure that would not only
place a new kidney in the patient, but connect all the necessary tubes and
blood vessels.
• DIALYSIS
Throughout all of this experimentation, there were other developments
being perfected that helped keep renal failure patients alive. These was
called kidney dialysis and it kept patients alive by using an artificial kidney
to purify human blood, which is what normal functioning kidneys do every
day.

7. - “It was a pleasure
to attempt to give
enhanced life to
my father, for he
is not only my
father, but is my
best friend. He is
always there for
Joel donated one of
his kidneys
To his dad, Howard
in Illinois in
the year 1997.

8. Fabiana Gaccio donated one of her kidn
to her husband Rene Vallejos in Gener
in the year 1993.
-“Each story is different,
but in my case she gave
a wonderful gift of love
,and a chance of life to
live it together.”
- Rene

9. ♥ Why do you think that a lot of people don't
consider organ donation?
♥ Do you know if kidney and urinary diseases can
be prevented?

10. ♥ Why do you think that a lot of people don't
consider organ donation?
♥ Do you know if kidney and urinary diseases can
be prevented?