This document provides an overview of organ transplantation, including: - The types of organs and tissues that can be transplanted, such as hearts, kidneys, lungs, and skin. - The history of transplantation, including milestones like the first successful cornea transplant in 1905 and kidney transplant in 1954. - The different types of transplants including living donor, deceased donor, autograft, allograft, isograft, xenograft, split transplants, and domino transplants. - Statistics on donation, such as the top 10 countries by economy of transplantation and that over 78,000 people in the US are waiting for organ transplants.

1. Organ
transplantation
 History
 Organs and tissues transplanted
 Types of transplant
 Types of donor
 Allocation of donated organs
 Reasons for donation and ethical issues
 Statistics.
By:
Enid
Torres
&
Alex
Melgar

2. Organs that can be
transplanted are:
 Heart  Kidneys  Thymus  Liver
 Lungs  Pancreas  Intestine

3. Tissues that can be
transplanted are:
 Bones  Tendons  Cornea
 Skin of
face
 Heart valves  Skin of leg  Vein

4. •History

5. 01/01/0300
Comos and Damian Allotransplantation
In humans was first conceived in the middle
ages. In this account, the leg of the
sacristan Deacon Justinian was
amputated to treat a cancerous lesion.
Cosmos and Damian, twin Arab brothers
who were converts to Christianity
performed the operations.

6. 01/01/1878
First Sucessful Human to Human Bone
Transplant
This operation, which used bone from a
cadaver, remained unusual because there
was no way to process and preserve human
tissues.

7. 09/07/1905
First successful cornea
transplant by Eduard Zirm
(18 March 1863 - 15 March 1944), was
born in Vienna, Austria.
That day Zirm first met man blinded in both eyes called
Glogar. At the same time, a boy was brought to his clinic
after an accident that left metal pieces in his eyes. The
attempts to save boy's eyes were unsuccessful. Zirm
enucleated them and saved the corneas for transplantation
into Glogar's eyes.

8. December
1954
Firts Kidney
transplantation
Pioneer medical team that
received the 1961 Amory
Prize of the American
Academy of Arts and
Sciences for bringing
kidney transplantation to
the world.
Left to right, Drs.
Harrison, Merrill and
Murray

9. Pioneer medical
team
Dr. Harrison, Joseph E.
Joseph Edward Dr. Harrison Murray, John P. Merrill ...
Murray
John
Putnam
Merrill
… and others achieved the first successful
kidney transplant, between identical twins.
Murray shared the Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine in 1990. In 1971,
Dr. Harrison received the Purkinje Medal
from Czechoslovakia.

10. 1966
The first pancreas transplantation
by Richard Lillehei and William Kelly
(Minnesota, U.S.A.)
A pancreas along with kidney and duodenum was
transplanted into a 28-year-old woman and her
blood sugar levels decreased immediately after
transplantation, but eventually she died three
months later from pulmonary embolism.

11. Vladimir Petrovich
Demikhov
July
18,
1916
November
22,
1998
Kulini
Farm
(Volgograd
Oblast)
Moscow
(Russian
Federation)

12. First operations in the
World made by Demichov:
1937 - The first artificial heart
1946 - The first Heterotopic heart
transplantation 1946 - The
first transfer complex heart-lung
1947 - The first isolated lung transplantation
1948 - The first liver transplantation
1951 - The world's first orthotopic heart transplant
without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass
1952 - The world's first mammarno-coronary bypass
surgery (1988 - State Prize)
1954 - The first transplant second head dog

13. 1967
Christiaan Neethling
Barnard (8 November 1922 –
2 September 2001) was a South
African cardiac surgeon who
performed the world's first
successful human-to-human
heart transplant. Christian Barnard
all his life considered Demikhov his
teacher.

14. 1979
First successful live-donor
partial pancreas
transplant by David E
Sutherland.

15. 2005
First successful ovarian transplant
by Dr P N Mhatre (wadia hospital
mumbai,India)

16. 2008
First successful
transplantation of
near total area
(80%) of face,
(including palate,
nose, cheeks, and
eyelid by Maria
Siemionow
(Cleveland, USA)

17. • Types of transplant
Autograft
Allograft and allotransplantation
Isograft
Xenograft and xenotransplantation
Split transplants
Domino transplants

18. Autotransplantation
Transplant of tissue to the same person. Sometimes this is
done with surplus tissue, or tissue that can regenerate, or
tissues more desperately needed elsewhere (examples
include skin grafts, vein extraction for CABG, etc.)

19. Allotransplantation
and
Allograft
An allograft is a transplant of an organ or tissue
between two genetically non-identical members of
the same species.
Due to the genetic difference between the organ
and the recipient, the recipient's immune system
will identify the organ as foreign and attempt to
destroy it, causing transplant rejection.

20. Isograft
Isografts are differentiated from other
types of transplants because while they
are anatomically identical to allografts,
they do not trigger an immune response.

21. Xenograft
and
xenotransplantation
A transplant of organs or tissue from one species to
another. An example is porcine heart valve transplant,
which is quite common and successful.

22. Split transplants
Sometimes a deceased-donor organ,
usually a liver, may be divided between
two recipients, especially an adult and a
child.

23. Domino transplants
This term also refers to a series of living donor
transplants in which one donor donates to the highest
recipient on the waiting list and the transplant center
utilizes that donation to facilitate multiple transplants.
These other transplants are otherwise impossible due
to blood type or antibody barriers to transplantation.

24. •Types of donor
• Living donor Deceased donor
Organ donors may be living, or brain dead. That is,
their breathing and heartbeat has ceased. They are
referred to as cadaveric donors.

25. Living donor
In "living donors", the donor remains alive
and donates a renewable tissue, cell, or fluid
(e.g. blood, skin), or donates an organ or part of
an organ in which the remaining organ can
regenerate or take on the workload of the rest of
the organ.

26. Deceased donor
Deceased (formerly cadaveric) are donors who
have been declared brain-dead and whose organs
are kept viable by ventilators or other mechanical
mechanisms until they can be excised for
transplantation. These organs have inferior
outcomes to organs from a brain-dead donor.

27. Economy Statistics of Donor
Top 10 countries:
# 1 USA $23,530,000,000.00
# 2 UK $12,460,000,000.00
# 3 France $10,600,000,000.00
# 4 Germany $10,440,000,000.00
# 5 Japan $ 7,500,000,000.00
# 6 Netherlands $ 5,452,000,000.00
# 7 Sweden $ 3,955,000,000.00
# 8 Canada $ 3,900,000,000.00
# 9 Spain $ 3,814,000,000.00
#10 Italy $ 3,641,000,000.00

28. Here are some statistics and facts
about organ donation for people over
50
Two thirds of the individuals waiting for an organ transplant
in 2011 were 50 years old or older. That year 2,242
deceased donors were between 50–64 years of age. Five
hundred and ninety-five deceased donors were 65 or older.

29. Donation Problems
In USA over 78,000 men, women, and children waiting for organ
transplants, and 14 of these people die every day while waiting to
receive an organ transplant..
More and more people with HIV and/or hepatitis B and/or hepatitis
C are going to need organ transplants, particularly liver
transplants.

30. Problems of
Transplantation
The number of donated organs hasstayed fairly constant
over the last few years while the number of people
needing organs continues to increase.
Infection.
CMV Infection. This is a viral infection which usually
comes on about four weeks after transplant.

31. THANKS…