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Organs transplant
This document provides an overview of organ transplantation, including: - The types of organs and tissues that can be transplanted, such as hearts, kidneys, lungs, and skin. - The history of transplantation, including milestones like the first successful cornea transplant in 1905 and kidney transplant in 1954. - The different types of transplants including living donor, deceased donor, autograft, allograft, isograft, xenograft, split transplants, and domino transplants. - Statistics on donation, such as the top 10 countries by economy of transplantation and that over 78,000 people in the US are waiting for organ transplants.
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Organs transplant
- 1. Organ transplantation History Organs and tissues transplanted Types of transplant Types of donor Allocation of donated organs Reasons for donation and ethical issues Statistics. By: Enid Torres & Alex Melgar
- 2. Organs that canbe transplanted are: Heart Kidneys Thymus Liver Lungs Pancreas Intestine
- 3. Tissues that canbe transplanted are: Bones Tendons Cornea Skin of face Heart valves Skin of leg Vein
- 4.
- 5. 01/01/0300 Comos andDamian Allotransplantation In humans was first conceived in the middle ages. In this account, the leg of the sacristan Deacon Justinian was amputated to treat a cancerous lesion. Cosmos and Damian, twin Arab brothers who were converts to Christianity performed the operations.
- 6. 01/01/1878 First SucessfulHuman to Human Bone Transplant This operation, which used bone from a cadaver, remained unusual because there was no way to process and preserve human tissues.
- 7. 09/07/1905 First successfulcornea transplant by Eduard Zirm (18 March 1863 - 15 March 1944), was born in Vienna, Austria. That day Zirm first met man blinded in both eyes called Glogar. At the same time, a boy was brought to his clinic after an accident that left metal pieces in his eyes. The attempts to save boy's eyes were unsuccessful. Zirm enucleated them and saved the corneas for transplantation into Glogar's eyes.
- 8. December 1954 FirtsKidney transplantation Pioneer medical team that received the 1961 Amory Prize of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences for bringing kidney transplantation to the world. Left to right, Drs. Harrison, Merrill and Murray
- 9. Pioneer medical team Dr. Harrison, Joseph E. Joseph Edward Dr. Harrison Murray, John P. Merrill ... Murray John Putnam Merrill … and others achieved the first successful kidney transplant, between identical twins. Murray shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990. In 1971, Dr. Harrison received the Purkinje Medal from Czechoslovakia.
- 10. 1966 The firstpancreas transplantation by Richard Lillehei and William Kelly (Minnesota, U.S.A.) A pancreas along with kidney and duodenum was transplanted into a 28-year-old woman and her blood sugar levels decreased immediately after transplantation, but eventually she died three months later from pulmonary embolism.
- 11. Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov July 18, 1916 November 22, 1998 Kulini Farm (Volgograd Oblast) Moscow (Russian Federation)
- 12. First operations inthe World made by Demichov: 1937 - The first artificial heart 1946 - The first Heterotopic heart transplantation 1946 - The first transfer complex heart-lung 1947 - The first isolated lung transplantation 1948 - The first liver transplantation 1951 - The world's first orthotopic heart transplant without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass 1952 - The world's first mammarno-coronary bypass surgery (1988 - State Prize) 1954 - The first transplant second head dog
- 13. 1967 Christiaan Neethling Barnard (8 November 1922 – 2 September 2001) was a South African cardiac surgeon who performed the world's first successful human-to-human heart transplant. Christian Barnard all his life considered Demikhov his teacher.
- 14. 1979 First successfullive-donor partial pancreas transplant by David E Sutherland.
- 15. 2005 First successfulovarian transplant by Dr P N Mhatre (wadia hospital mumbai,India)
- 16. 2008 First successful transplantation of near total area (80%) of face, (including palate, nose, cheeks, and eyelid by Maria Siemionow (Cleveland, USA)
- 17. • Types oftransplant Autograft Allograft and allotransplantation Isograft Xenograft and xenotransplantation Split transplants Domino transplants
- 18. Autotransplantation Transplant oftissue to the same person. Sometimes this is done with surplus tissue, or tissue that can regenerate, or tissues more desperately needed elsewhere (examples include skin grafts, vein extraction for CABG, etc.)
- 19. Allotransplantation and Allograft An allograft is a transplant of an organ or tissue between two genetically non-identical members of the same species. Due to the genetic difference between the organ and the recipient, the recipient's immune system will identify the organ as foreign and attempt to destroy it, causing transplant rejection.
- 20. Isograft Isografts aredifferentiated from other types of transplants because while they are anatomically identical to allografts, they do not trigger an immune response.
- 21. Xenograft and xenotransplantation A transplant of organs or tissue from one species to another. An example is porcine heart valve transplant, which is quite common and successful.
- 22. Split transplants Sometimesa deceased-donor organ, usually a liver, may be divided between two recipients, especially an adult and a child.
- 23. Domino transplants Thisterm also refers to a series of living donor transplants in which one donor donates to the highest recipient on the waiting list and the transplant center utilizes that donation to facilitate multiple transplants. These other transplants are otherwise impossible due to blood type or antibody barriers to transplantation.
- 24. •Types of donor • Living donor Deceased donor Organ donors may be living, or brain dead. That is, their breathing and heartbeat has ceased. They are referred to as cadaveric donors.
- 25. Living donor In"living donors", the donor remains alive and donates a renewable tissue, cell, or fluid (e.g. blood, skin), or donates an organ or part of an organ in which the remaining organ can regenerate or take on the workload of the rest of the organ.
- 26. Deceased donor Deceased(formerly cadaveric) are donors who have been declared brain-dead and whose organs are kept viable by ventilators or other mechanical mechanisms until they can be excised for transplantation. These organs have inferior outcomes to organs from a brain-dead donor.
- 27. Economy Statistics ofDonor Top 10 countries: # 1 USA $23,530,000,000.00 # 2 UK $12,460,000,000.00 # 3 France $10,600,000,000.00 # 4 Germany $10,440,000,000.00 # 5 Japan $ 7,500,000,000.00 # 6 Netherlands $ 5,452,000,000.00 # 7 Sweden $ 3,955,000,000.00 # 8 Canada $ 3,900,000,000.00 # 9 Spain $ 3,814,000,000.00 #10 Italy $ 3,641,000,000.00
- 28. Here are somestatistics and facts about organ donation for people over 50 Two thirds of the individuals waiting for an organ transplant in 2011 were 50 years old or older. That year 2,242 deceased donors were between 50–64 years of age. Five hundred and ninety-five deceased donors were 65 or older.
- 29. Donation Problems InUSA over 78,000 men, women, and children waiting for organ transplants, and 14 of these people die every day while waiting to receive an organ transplant.. More and more people with HIV and/or hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C are going to need organ transplants, particularly liver transplants.
- 30. Problems of Transplantation The number of donated organs hasstayed fairly constant over the last few years while the number of people needing organs continues to increase. Infection. CMV Infection. This is a viral infection which usually comes on about four weeks after transplant.
- 31.