Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
AJ
Uploaded byAnurag Jha
5,158 views

Traning report on Khetri Copper Mine

This document provides a report on a vocational training at the Khetri Copper Complex operated by Hindustan Copper Limited. It discusses the geology and ore reserves of the mine, including that the main ore host rocks are amphibole quartzite, garnet chlorite quartz schist, and amphibole rich rock. The mine has ore reserves of 34.11 million tons at 1.13% copper grade in the Khetri block and 25.39 million tons at 1.69% copper grade in the Banwas block, totaling 59.5 million tons of reserves. The document also gives details on the mine infrastructure and production.

Engineering◦
Downloaded 78 times
VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT KHETRI COPPER COMPLEX HINDUSTAN COPPER LIMITED By ANURAG KUMAR JHA Exam Roll no.-511214025 SESSION 2017-2018 DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEEING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SHIBPUR HOWRAH-711103
ii Acknowledgements We would like to thank Hindustan Copper Limited to provide us with such a wonderful and informative training. We would like to thank the officials at Khetri Nagar who taught us the basic elements of underground metal mining at the mine and also ensured our 100 percent safety in the underground. we would also like to thank Prof. I.N Sinha, Head of the Department of Mining Engineering and Prof G.C Roy, Professor Incharge of Training for giving us an opportunity of vocational training and sending us to such a technically advent mine. We would also like to thank all our professors for helping us build the present domain knowledge which we could use for our future endeavours. Anurag Kumar Jha VII Sem BTech-Degree Programme in Mining Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Howrah-- 711103
iii Table of Contents Contents Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................ii Table of Contents..................................................................................................................... iii Chapter-1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 Chapter-2 Geology and Ore Reserves........................................................................................6 Chapter-3 Mine Sampling........................................................................................................11 Chapter-4 Method of Stoping ..................................................................................................15 Chapter-5 Blasting ...................................................................................................................17 Chapter-6 Machinery ...............................................................................................................19 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................25
1 Chapter-1 Introduction Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), a public sector undertaking under the administrative control of the Ministry of Mines, was incorporated on 9th November 1967. It has the distinction of being the nation’s only vertically integrated copper producing company as it manufactures copper right from the stage of mining to beneficiation, smelting, refining and casting of refined copper metal into downstream saleable products. Khetri is situated at the foothills of the Aravalli Range, which hosts copper mineralization, giving rise to a 80 km long metallogenetic province from Singhana in the north to Raghunathgarh in the south, popularly known as Khetri Copper Belt. The belt comprises of tightly folded Proterozoic metasediments that rest over basement gneisses and is a part of the North Delhi fold belt. Prominent deposits of the belt are: Khetri, Kolihan, Banwas, Chandmari, Dhani Basri, Baniwali Ki Dhani (Neem Ka Thana, Rajasthan). Other deposits are: Dholamala, Akwali, Muradpura - Pacheri (Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan), and Devtalai (Bhilwara, Rajasthan). Origin Regular mining ceased in this area around 1872. With the advent of 20th century, the geologists of Geological Survey of India of Indian Bureau of Mines undertook explorations. Development of Khetri Mine was started by National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) and the project was handed over to HCL in 1967 when HCL was formed. Subsequently, smelting and refining facilities were added. Khetri comprises of Khetri town and Khetrinagar. Khetri town was founded by Raja Khet Singhji Nirwan, and Khetrinagar, which is about 10 km away from Khetri town, is developed and maintained by Hindustan Copper Limited. Existing Infrastructure i. Mechanized underground mines namely 'Khetri' and 'Kolihan' (capacity 1.0 million tonnes of ore per annum) ii. Beneficiation plant (capacity 1.81 million tonnes per annum) iii. Process plants to produce 31,000 TPA of refined copper
2 1. Ore Body (a) Strike Length 4.80 Km (b) Average Width 10 metres (c) Average Dip 65 deg. (d) Average Grade 1.37 % Intermediate Plan of Khetri Copper Mine 2. Ore reserves of Khetri Mine (a) Reserve of Khetri Block : 34.11 Million Tons, Avg. Grade1.13% (b) Reserve of Banwas Block : 25.39 Million Tons, Avg. Grade 1.69% Total : 59.50 million tons with average grade 1.37% Cu. 3. Mode of Entry (a) Shaft (Vertical) 2 Nos. (b) Shaft (Incline) 1 No.
3 4. Production Shaft (Vertical) (a) Depth 475 metres (b) Diameter 5.5 metres (c) H.P. of the Winder 2870 K.W. (d) Hoisting Capacity 600 tons per Hr. 5. Service Shaft(Vertical) (a) Depth 388.5 meters (b) Area of X- Section 6.11 x 4.93 m (c) H.P. of Winder 1600 K.W (d) Cage Capacity 88 persons per trip 6. Ventilation:- (a) Up cast (i) Production shaft Fan Capacity – 9400 Cu. M/Min. (ii) Banwas Ventilation Shaft Fan Capacity – 6000 Cu. M/Min.
4 Service Shaft 7. Employment Hindustan Copper Limited (a) Underground 340 (b) Surface 193 Total 533 Contractual (a) M/s TCL 59 (b) M/s TCL-MMPL 84 (c) M/s MECL 92 (d) M/s Gyani Electricals 75 (e) M/s Adinath Engg. Works 04
5 (f) M/s Deepak Engg. Works 05 (g) M/s WIMS 12 Total 331
6 Chapter-2 Geology and Ore Reserves There are three hill ranges trending NE-SW separated by sandy plains within the lease boundary. Makro hill range comprised of quartzite is observed on the western side of Mining lease boundary. The central hill range separated by Kharkhara valley is made up of schists and quartzites containining copper mineralization. Further east of Central hill range, there is magnetite-quartzite hill of moderate height/elevation separated by a valley, where various establishments of mine and plants, such as processing plants, stores and administrative building are located. The slopes of the hills are steep with little or no soil and vegetation cover. On the southern end of Khetri Mining Lease area lie small hilly terrains while northern boundary of mining lease area is soil covered plains. Khetri Nagar Township and Gothra village are located on east of the lease boundary. Singhana and Kharkhara villages lie on the north and southwest of the lease boundary respectively. Geology of Khetri Mine Metamorphosed arenaceous and argillaceous metasediments with intercalated calcareous bands represent the major rock formations at Khetri Mine. These rocks are intruded by younger basic rocks, acidic intrusions of granite, pegmatite and quartz veins. The succession of major rock units found in and around the Khetri mine area (from east/footwall to west/hanging wall) is as given here:- Ajabgarh 5. Sericite Quartzite Group 4. Phyllite/ Andalusite phyllite schist 3.Garnet-chlorite-quartzite-Schist+Amphibole+Biotite+Copper-Sulphide mineralization ------------Gradational Contact -------------------------- Alwar 2. Amphibole quartzite with bands of amphibole rich Group rock and amphibole Group magnetite rock + Copper sulphide mineralisation 1. Feldspathic quartzite with band and magnetite quartzite Amphibole, quartzite, garnet chlorite, quartzite/schist and Amphibole rich rock and amphibole magnetic rocks (placed at the serial number 2 and 3 above) are the host rocks of
7 the main ore lenses. Feldspathic quartzite represents footwall limit while andalusite phyllite marks the hanging wall limit of the copper mineralization. Lithology The rock units of Khetri Mine area are described as below:- Andalusite Phyllite: It is a persistent rock unit which occurs on the western side of the mining lease area. It is light to dark gray coloured. At places, it shows porphyroblasts of andalusite/chiastolite. Discontinuous lenticular bands of quartzite and biotite occur as subordinate intercalations in phyllite. Small patches of hornblende schist and graphitic phyllites are also encountered. In between the phyllite and underlying granetiferous schist( Foot wall side), there exists a impersistent band of tremolite magnetite rock exposed in the southern end. Garnet-chlorite-quartz schist ± Amphibole and Biotite: This rock has a clear contact with Andulasite- phyllites/ schist in hanging wall side marked by abrupt appearance of garnets in borehole cores. The garnetiferous amphibole quartzite/schist is the main host rock of sulphide mineralization. North of that, garnet starts disappearing and rock grades into chlorite/biotite/schist. East of garnet-chlorite-quartz schist, amphibole quartzite/amphibole rich rock starts appearing in patches hosting copper mineralization. All the rock of this horizon (placed at serial No. 3 in succession) is marked by varying amounts of chlorite, biotite and amphibole etc. Amphiboles occur as radiating needles and laths. Garnets occur as small dots to porphyroblasts in size. At places these form clusters and bands growing up to 2 to 3 cm thick. Chloritization and biotitization of garnets and amphiboles are noted along the fractures. Amphibole Quartzite: This rock is characterized by abundance of amphibole, sparse chlorite and absence of garnet. Local variation in the rock varies from low amount of amphibole present and high amount of chlorite present. Amphiboles occur as radiating needles and laths arranged in the form of bands in siliceous mass. Amphiboles are biotitized at places. The amphiboles rich bands/ patches within amphibole quartzite in Banwas block bear very rich copper mineralization. Feldspars start appearing and increase in amount with gradual decrease of amphibole as the feldspathic quartzite horizon is approached in footwall. Feldspathic Quartzite associated with bands of magnetite quartzite: This rock underlies the amphibole quartzite. It is light pinkish/grayish colored massive rock. It contains minor amount of amphibole at places. It also has banded appearance. Feldspathic character of rock becomes more prominent on weathering. Although minor amount of pyrite is present, yet appearance of this rock in drill cores marks the footwall limit of viable copper
8 mineralization. There are thin bands of hematite/magnetite quartzite exposed within the fedspathic quartzite. These bands show minor displacements caused by small transverse faults occurring in the area. Dolomite / Marble: Surface exposures of dolomite/impure marble are found Banwas area in the horizon of strike continuity of the host rocks. The marble rock appears to be a significant host rock for copper mineralization in Banwas area. It forms intercalated small and large lenses. Well-developed crystals, thin streaks and bands of amphibole and magnetite occur in appreciable quantity. Intrusive: Metabasic dykes cut across the rock formations of the area and also have general parallelism with the transverse faults present in the area. Surface exposures have been mapped and shown on the geological map. At times the metabasic rocks have intruded the transverse faults. Quartz veins also occur as impersistant thin stringers, blebs, and patches. They also occur as sheeted zones, which are quite persistent. Rock with rich copper content Copper Mineralization Whereas surface manifestation of copper mineralization in the form of gossans bands and old workings are prominent in the Khetri block, there are no such manifestations available in Banwas block. Main sulphide minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. Sulphides occur as stringers, specks, disseminations and clots. Stringers are more or less aligned parallel to the foliation. Copper mineralization is in the form of en-chelon lenses occurring along and around the gradational contact of Alwar and Ajabgarh groups of rocks. Minor amount of gold and silver is associated with copper mineralization. Gold and silver content in the Khetri block are 0.2 ppm and 2.0 ppm respectively, while in Banwas block, gold and silver content is 0.3 ppm and 3.0 ppm respectively.
9 Broadly, the ore lenses in Khetri block have been grouped into two lodes. One has been designed as Madhan lode and the other is Kudhan lode. The Madhan mine (old working) is situated in the Madhan lode. It is wider, richer and more persistent. The narrower and impersistant western zone, in which the Kudhan mine (old working) is situated, falls in the Kudhan lode. The main points of difference between the Madhan and Kudhan lodes relate to the nature of the host rock, extent, and persistence of mineralization and geological location. The host rock of Madhan lode is granetiferous chlorite quartzite/schist and its variation. Kudhan lode is developed towards the hanging wall contact of the host rock with phyllites. Very often the host rock for Kudhan lode is dolomite and is characterized by profuse development of magnetite in it, whereas the magnetite present in the host rock of Madhan lode is sparse. Wherever, more magnetite is present in Madhan lode host rock, it is in the form of magnetic bands and not in the form of profusely distributed grains and patches, as it is there in case of Kudhan lode. Kudhan lode has limited number of ore lenses delineated. Madhan lode comprises a number of large and small ore lenses occurring from southern end to northern extremity of the area. Banwas block has mainly four ore lenses placed in en- echelon pattern. The ore lenses of Banwas block are rich as well as very wide as compared to ore lenses of Khetri block. Wall rocks of mineralization are generally competent, traversed by thin shears, occurring mostly in upper levels, near Kudhan fault region. Presence of ore in depth: The ore zones are remarkably persistent in depth from 450 mRL to (-) 300 mRL in central part of Khetri Block. The intersection, encountered in bore hole No. BS-28 at (-) 120 mRL (3.59% Cu x 46.10 m) indicates that there is possibility of ore lenses persisting further in depth below (-) 120 mRL. The ore lenses appear to plunge about 20°-25° due NE. This indicates that the mineralisation is likely to extend in depth further along plunge direction i.e. towards Singhana. Nature of Wall rocks There are no surface exposures in the area. The nature of wall rocks as well as host rocks has been studied on the basis of drill cores only. The borehole cores indicate that wall rocks both in H/W & F/W of mineralisation are competent and because of their sub-vertical dips, these can work as solid wall/barrier pillar. The mineralized ground, however, appears to be comparatively less competent because of joints, shears and fractures. The physical and chemical characteristics of wall rocks are suitable for underground mining as experienced in the adjacent Khetri Mine. The effect of weathering appears to be insignificant.
10 Winding System of Service Shaft with PLC and Indicators
11 Chapter-3 Mine Sampling Chip sampling, Channel sampling, grab sampling, muck sampling and core sampling are carried out regularly. Main haulage levels are at 240, 180 and 120 MRL. Channel sampling or chip sampling is being done in cross cuts at main levels and sublevels. Muck samples are taken from the advancing faces of drives running through the host rocks. Exploration in underground includes diamond core drilling and sampling of different mine workings. This is undertaken from drives, preferably footwall drive. For delineating ore body in lower levels drilling is done from footwall drive For determining the potential of ore reserves and grade more precisely, than what has been done from surface, exploration is carried out from alternate levels at 60m strike spacing. This also helps to obtain precise location of footwall drives at lower levels. Details of block wise/ level wise definition-drilling upto 31-3-2013 is given in Table no 1 and future programme upto 2016- 17. Table 1: Khetri Copper Mine Definition Drilling (Block wise / Level wise (upto 31-3-2013) Block Khetri Block Banwas Block (5000- 6200) Khetri Copper (Khetri + Banwas) South (1600-2900) Central (2900-3900) North (3900-5000) Total (1600-5000) Level No of Hole s Drilli ng Mts. No of Holes Drillin g Mts. No of Hol es Drilli ng Mts. No of Hole s Drillin g Mts. No of Hol es Drillin g Mts. No of Hol es Drillin g Mts. 420 ML 131 6697 72 4142 203 10839 203 10839 360 ML 123 10169 312 19131 435 29300 435 29300 300 ML 115 11473 245 20004 1 213 361 31691 361 31690
12 240 ML 73 6016 217 19431 126 1155 5 416 37001 14 628 430 37629 180 ML 33 3101 210 17958 140 1357 5 383 34634 55 4926 438 39560 120 ML 170 15636 130 1750 9 300 33145 62 5664 362 38809 60 ML 60 5419 160 1642 5 220 21844 44 4528 264 26315 Total 475 37456 1286 10172 0 557 5927 7 2318 19845 4 175 15745 249 3 21414 2 Exploration Programme Table 2: Level-wise diamond drilling programme- Level-wise diamond drilling programme upto 2016-2017 Level 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 2006- 07 2007- 08 2008- 09 2009- 10 2010- 11 2011- 12 2012- 13 180 ML 600 1500 1300 1200 1000 2400 2400 1700 - - 120 ML - 900 1100 1200 1400 - - 700 2400 2400 Total 600 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 Definition drilling is carried out from the mine level at 30 m strike spacing from a drilling center which ultimately forms “ fan shape structure ” The drill intersections are obtained about 20 m vertical spacing on the hanging wall or foot wall most ore lenses. The purpose of definition drilling is to delineate individual ore lenses in three dimensions so that later on stope designing is carried out. Definition drilling data are used to convert drill reserves into blocked ore reserves. Stope development activity makes available different cross cuts/drives on the main levels and sub-levels. The mine headings are geologically mapped and sampled. The sampling and geological/structural data are utilized in reinterpretation of the data obtained from definition drilling. The revised geological plans and sections are prepared. Changes accrued on account of secondary mine development are used in the modification of stope design/development.
13 The blast hole rings are designed on this information and ore reserves are recalculated along each ring. The information is plotted in the different segments of stope/pillars in the form of “Grade Control Charts” and such reserves are categorized as fully Blocked Reserves (reserves ready for blasting and production). Reserve Estimation The ore reserve estimations are made on the basis of the exploration data generated from surface drilling, definition drilling, primary and secondary mine development. Certain basic assumptions have been made to interpolate the characteristics of different ore bodies based on known intersections. The various parameters used in ore reserve estimation are: Cut-off grade: Zones of mineralization are delineated at 0.5 % Cu. Minimum parting of 2.0m thicknesses has been considered between two ore bodies to treat them as separate mineable ore lenses. If, this parting is less than 2.0 m, the ore zones are merged and the two ore zones are treated as one zone. An average insitu specific gravity of 3.0 has been considered for the purpose of ore reserve estimation. Plan width: Plan width has been considered for the estimation of reserves. It has an advantage over true width as it takes care of local variations in the dip; and the third dimension is measured vertically on the longitudinal sections. Strike and dip influence: Around each mineralized intersection through bore holes and crosscut, panels are made by considering 15m strike influence on either sides and 15m vertically up and down. Horizontal width (plan width) of each intersection is taken from the geological cross sections, which are prepared at 30m-strike interval. Level plans are also prepared at the main mine levels. Different ore lenses are co-related on cross sections and level plans. Longitudinal sections are then made for each ore lens for different levels. Finally, tonnage corresponding to each bore. Tonnage = Strike influence (m) x Vertical influence (m) x Plan width (m) x S.G. Category of Ore Reserves Ore reserves of the mine are categorized on the basis of degree of exploration and mine development. It includes surface drilling and definition drilling along with the mine development and stage of stope preparation etc./ The ore reserves are classified as follows: - Drill inferred ore reserves – These reserves are estimated on the longitudinal sections of the area beyond the limit of drill indicated reserves category up to the lens boundary. Drill indicated ore reserves – Reserves are calculated by taking 15m influences on all four sides of bore hole/cross cut intersections on the longitudinal section.
14 Partly blocked “B” ore reserves – These reserves are computed on the longitudinal sections of ore lenses after completion of definition drilling and incorporating all the data pertaining to lithology and assay obtained. These reserves are released for stope designing. Partly blocked “A” reserve – Partly blocked ‘A’ reserves are estimated on longitudinal section of the ore lenses based on the stope limits, reserves under stope preparation. Fully blocked reserves – These reserves are estimated on stope ring design. Fully blocked reserves result from partly blocked ‘A’ reserves after incorporating minor changes in the geometry of the ore lenses resulting from secondary mine development carried out. These reserves are ready for production. The four fold classification as described above is justified to the three fold classification mentioned in the guidelines for preparation of mining plan and is given here: Fully blocked +partly blocked (A & B) - Proved category. Drill indicated - Probable category. Drill inferred - Possible category.
15 Chapter-4 Method of Stoping In Khetri mine, sub-level open stoping method was selected as the standard method of extraction of ore. Later, blast hole-stoping method, a modification of sub-level open stoping method, was adopted. Reasons for selection of stoping method (a) Dip of the ore body: The ore body is steeply dipping allowing the broken ore to fall down the main levels by gravity. (b) Width: The ore body is thick for which sub-level open stoping method is suitable. (c) Depth: The depth is moderate. At the final stage of mining, the depth will be approximately 400 meters only. Sub- level open stoping can be conveniently adopted upto 500 m. (d) Strength of walls: The rocks of hang wall, footwall and the ore body are competent. (e) Grade of ore body: Ore body is relatively of poor grade. Sub-level open stoping is comparatively economic method. (f)Productivity: Sub- level open stoping method is amenable to high productivity, which is especially desirable for the poor grade ore mines. (g) Safety: Sub-level open method has the advantage of being " out of the ore body" mining. The persons working in the stoping area are not exposed to wide excavations in the stope and operations are carried out through drives which 3.0 m. x 3 .0 m size. SUB LEVEL OPEN STOPING Sub-level open stoping method has two variations namely, longitudinal and transverse. Longitudinal stoping: Longitudinal stoping is adopted where the ore body thickness is small to moderate. In this method, an extraction drive is developed from the main foot-wall drive at extraction level and a trough drive is developed in the ore body along the strike. Draw points at 9-m interval is also developed from extraction drive connecting the trough drive. Extraction drive is in the foot-wall, away from the ore body. The length of the draw points is kept minimum 10 meters to ensure safety of the persons employed in the stope for drawing the broken ore. Two sub- levels 20-25 meters vertically apart are developed in the ore block through the service raise. A slot raise is made from the main level to the top of the ore block to be extracted. Slot
16 crosscuts are made in the sub-levels and extraction level. The slot crosscut exposes the ore body from the hang wall to the foot-wall. Parallel holes are drilled in the slot crosscut and blasted against the pre-face of the slot raise. This provides an opening throughout the height of the ore covering the entire width of the ore body. Rings of holes, drilled in the trough drive and sub levels, are blasted against the pre- face of the slot. The broken ore falls into the trough where it is loaded into the GRAN-BY cars by loading equipment (pneumatic) EIMCO-824 loader. Typically a stope has one trough drive and one extraction drive. If the ore body is wider than 20 meter two trough drives and two extraction drives are developed. In that case one extraction drive is in the hang wall and another in the foot- wall of the ore body. Transverse Stoping In transverse stoping, the basic design remains the same. But, the development is done across the ore body and stoping advances from hang wall to the foot-wall. The extraction crosscut is developed across the strike. The position of the slot raise remains unchanged. Slot drive is developed along strike. BLAST HOLE STOPING With introduction of DTH/ITH drilling machines in below ground mines, another variation of the sub-level method is introduced wherein only one drill level is developed either just below the crown of the stope or at the main level. Sub levels are eliminated and the extraction level layout remains unaltered shows the blast hole stoping (Ring Pattern). Both longitudinal and transverse method of stoping is adopted here, depending upon the ore body geometry.
17 Chapter-5 Blasting Raising (Large Dia holes; VCR method) Sequence of operation is as here under: 1) Drilled hole is checked and its length is measured. 2) Hole is plugged by Wooden wedged tied with anchored nylon rope. 3) Stemming the hole app. 8” in length by sand. 4) Primer cartridge of 6.25 kg slurry explosive tied with Cordtex fuse is lowered in the hole. 5) Hole is charged 1 Mt. by slurry explosive. 6) Stemming the hole by app. 0.75 Mt. 7) MSD is tied to Cordtex fuse as per delay sequence. 8) Repeat the process for the remaining holes. 9) Connection to blasting cable. 10) Shot firing the holes from surface at 04:10 PM after clearance of persons from below ground. Blast Hole Stoping Method Sequence of operation is as here under: 1) Drilled holes meant for blasting are checked and its length are measured. 2) Individual hole is plugged by Wooden wedged tied with anchored nylon rope. 3) Stemming the hole app. 8” in length by sand. 4) Primer cartridge of 6.25 kg slurry explosive tied with Cordtex fuse is lowered in the hole. 5) Hole is charged 5 Mt. by slurry explosive. 6) Stemming the hole by app. 1.0 Mt. 7) Two holes are charged as above. 8) As per delay seq. detonators are tied to Cordtex fuse. 9) Connection of elect. Detonator(s) to blasting cable. 10) Shot firing the holes from surface at 04:10 PM after clearance of persons from below ground.
18 Sub Level Stoping Method Sequence of operation is as here under- 1) Drilled holes of the Ring(s) meant for blasting are checked and its lengths are measured. 2) Hole is plugged if through. 3) Initially Charging the hole app. 6” in length by ANFO by ANFO loader duly earthed and with the help of anti- static hose. 4) Booster charge (100 gm) having Anoline is inserted into the hole. 5) Hole is charged up to the charging limit repeating the process 3. 6) All the other holes of the ring is charged in the same fashion. 7) Anolines emerging out of the holes are are connected together with a single Cordtex fuse with the help of bunch connector. 8) As per delay seq. elect. detonator is tied to the Cordtex fuse. 9) Repeat the process for multiple rings. 10) Connection of elect. Detonator(s) to blasting cable. Shot firing the holes from surface at 04:10 PM after clearance of persons from below ground.
19 Chapter-6 Machinery Drilling Machines: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Type Nos. Dia of Size/ Make Motive HP/ Hole capacity power Air Cons. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----  Jack hammer 30 32 mm/ - Holman C/air 120 cfm  Drifters 05 57 mm/20 m BBC-120F C/air 300 cfm  Cubex 02 165 mm/100 m Cubex C/air 40 HP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Loading Equipment: For loading of broken ore generated in development headings of sub level, EIMCO- 150 loader (Hopper) is used. These machines can take discharge of 1.5 tonnes. In main level development headings, rocker shovels (Eimco-824) load the ore. The pneumatic shovel loads the broken rock either in 3.5 t or in 5.4 t side discharge GRAN-BY cars. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Type Nos. Bucket Cap. Make Motive HP in cu. m. Power ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Rocker Shovel 21 0.425 Eimco-824 C/air 22 Hopper Loader 03 1.1 Eimco-150 C/air 18 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Haulage and Transport Equipment: (a) Haulage within the mining lease-hold
20 For transport of broken ore and waste, mine cars (Gran-by cars of 3.5 t and 5.4-t capacity) are used at different levels of the mine. The loaded cars are hauled by 8t battery locomotive (MAMC-LB-8) to various dump yards i.e. ore-pass or waste-pass. The discharge of the crusher (located below the ore-pass) is conveyed to the surge bin of the production shaft through a belt conveyor at -16 ML. Haulage Equipment - Underground ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Type Nos. Size/ Make Motive HP Capacity power ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Locomotive 17 20 T MAMC-LB-8 Elect. 11.2 HP Wheel gauge Battery 2 DC -1000 mm Belt Conveyor 01 1000 mm Elect. 30 HP 80 m long motor 600 t / hour. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- (b) Transport from mine head to the destination:- The ore hoisted up to the surface through the production shaft and dumped at the bin provided at the top. This ore then conveyed to the Concentrator Plant through a chain of belt conveyors via stockpile. The details belt conveyors are given below: Haulage Equipment – Surface ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Type Nos. Size/ Motive HP Capacity Power ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Belt Conveyor 01 1200 mm wide Elect. 60 HP 600 t/h motor 17.50 Inclination
21 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Miscellaneous : A list of miscellaneous machinery (other than mentioned in previous paragraphs) deployed at Khetri Mine is given in table no. 4.8.4. This shows the type and make of the machinery, power, quantity, area of operation etc. List of Machinery ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Type and Make (Nomenclature) HP Qty. Make Working Place --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ABOVE GROUND  1600 KW MAMC Winder, 2128 01 MAMC Service Shaft 2870 KW French 6 Ropes  Koepe Winder. 3817 01 Venot Pic Production Shaft Ensa, France  Single Drum Cylindrical 200 01 MAMC Adit No.-3 Hoist for Haulage  Single Drum Cylindrical 33 01 Associated P/Shaft Hoist for Haulage CUBA Engg, works Bombay  K.G. Khosla Compressor 625 KW 02 K.G. Khosla Surface 2 HB 4 TER of 350 cfm  LHD (EIMCO) 912-B 76 01 EIMCO Surface  Kirloskar BTD- B3M 720 KW 02 Kirloshar Surface Compressor, 4500 cfm  Atlas Copco Compressor 1400 KW 01 AtlasCopco Surface UR-06, 8000 cfm
22  KG- Khosla Compressor 250 HP 03 KG Khosla Surface 2HA4 TER, 1070 cfm  Conveyor 60 HP 01  Vibrating Feeder 25 HP 01 TRF Surface  Lathe HMT Model H-26/3000 7.5 HP 01 HMT, Surface  Lathe HMT Model H-22 --- 01 HMT Surface  Lathe HMT Model LB-20 6.5 HP 01 HMT Surface  Kirloskar, Bombay Lathe 6.0 HP 03 Kirloskar Surface  Lathe, Prakash 8-L ---- 01 Prakash Surface M/C Tools  Milling Machine, FN- 2U 6.5 HP 01 HMT Surface  Main Ventilation Fan 168 HP 01 North Vent.Shaft  Main Ventilation Fan 228 HP 01 P/ Shaft  Welding sets -- 12 Surface  TATA Truck 110 ton 01 TATA Surface  Explosive Van (5t) 110 02 TATA Surface  Diesel Loco Motive 125 01 Surface
23 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- BELOW GROUND A. Type and HP of Machinery other than Electrical Equipment i) Air Winch 8.5 15 ii) Pneumatic Pumps 1.7 6 B. Type and HP of Machinery of Electrical Apparatus i) Electric Pumps 170 7 Mather & Platt 180 ML 5nos (Centrifugal type, 8 stage) &`0'ML- 2Nos. Head – 250 Mtrs., Cap. – 500gpm (136.2 m3/hr.)” ii) Crusher 160 KW 1 Dragon `0' ML iii) Feeder 60 1 TRF `0' ML iv) Apron Conveyor 100 1 L&T `0' ML v) Disc Screen 15 1 David Brown `0' ML vi) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 45 7 various vii) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 20 26 levels viii) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 15 3 of ix) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 10 19 the x) Auxiliary Ventilation Fans 5 10 mine xi) Welding 13 25 xii) EOT Cranes 15 t 09
24 Chapter-7 Ore Handling System
25 Conclusion The Khetri Copper mine is the adobe of copper in India. The mine is rich with minerals. The mining started from a long time. The mine has evolved with latest technologies like Long Hole Raising, Alimak Raise climber, etc. Still due to lack of copper extraction and diminishing grade the production has decreased and hence the processing plant at the copper complex has stopped production. The area is getting polluted also due to underground mining at large scale. Blasting vibration can be felt from the surface at different places like Singhana, etc. Subsidence always played a very important factor in degrading land quality in and around the area. Production continues to meet the increasing demand of Copper around the globe. Hindustan Copper has also been incurring losses due to regular activities which had forced the company to go for contractual working. Labour Union issues also plays an important role in degradation of the day to day mining practices.
1