This document discusses surface mining and highwall mining methods. Surface mining extracts minerals near the Earth's surface using open pit, strip, or quarry mining. Key surface mining technologies include surface miners, which continuously cut consolidated soils and rocks without drilling or blasting. Highwall mining is a remotely controlled underground method that mines horizontal coal seams exposed along strip mine walls up to 300 meters in length and at dips between -12 to 5 degrees. It recovers 70-80% of coal with low establishment costs and personnel safety.

3. Every new born need’s

4. • Mining is extraction ore or minerals from
ground

5. • There are two types of mining
1)Surface mining
2)Subsurface mining(i.e U/G mining)

6. What is surface mining?
• Surface mining is a method of mining used to
extract minerals and metals which are near
the surface of the Earth.
• There are three basic types of surface mining.
1) Open pit mining
2)Strip mining
3)Quarry mining

7. • Shovel Dumper Technology.
• Dragline technology.
• In pit Crusher –conveyor-spreader
technology.
• Bucket wheel excavator ( continuous mining
technology)
• Rock breaker technology.
• Surface Miner technology

9. What is Surface Miner?
 It is continuously operating mobile opencast
machine.
It cuts consolidated soils and semi-solid rocks
with out drilling and blasting.
The cut material is pre-crushed and suitable
for belt conveying, loading and transporting.

12. Operations:
Surface miner operates:
 according to rock cutting technology.
 the cutting drum is provided with point attack picks.

13. Major advantages
• Direct excavation of hard material without need
for drilling and blasting.
• High productivity.
• Low cost for multi seam mining including hard coal
and overburden.
• Higher recovery rate of coal.
• Possibility to link the machine directly to
continuous conveyor transport systems.

14. Case study:
• Presently being used in Koyagudem OCP II of SCCL.
• Can work safely on a gradient of 1 in 10 ,however it
is only 1 in 4 gradient at KOCP II.
• Annual productivity of 2000 SM is around 2.00 MT
. It is different with other model of surface miners.
• Larger strike length of about 600m – 1000m and
widths of 300 m is suitable.
• At KOCP II wind rowing is done i.e. loading the
crushed coal by front and loader on to the trucks.
• Grade improved from F to E by this technology

16. What is Highwall Mining?
Highwall mining is a proven primary method
for mining coal from outcropping horizontal
seams.
It is a remotely controlled mining method.
In this method of mining, an unmanned
continuous miner is driven underground and
operated in front of the Highwall.

17. • When strip limits are reached by syrface
conditions
• When economic strip limits are reached.
• Transition from surface mining to U/G mining.
• Specific Highwall mining situations
-Contour Mining
-Open Cast Mining
-Trench Mining
-Augered Mining

19. Highwall Miner in operation

20. Requirements of Highwall Mining
• Competent coal.
• Competent immediate over burden. If OB is
not competent, coal may be left as roof.
• Coal seams dipping from -12 to +5 degrees.
• Relative flat seams, no faults.
• Coal seams thicker than 80cm.

21. Safety: Web and Barrier Pillars
• Web pillars ensures support of OB.
• Barrier pillars prevents cascading collapse.
• Barrier pillar typically every 10 to 20 drives.

23. Key Features
 Penetration up to 300 m
 Dip +5 to -12 degrees
 Production is up to 120,000 t/ month.
 70 to 80 % of coal recovery
 Operates with a 4/5 man crew per shift
 Low establish cost
 Personnel saftey
 Lower production cost than underground

25. Safety Features
Elevated cab with cameras
Above ground operation
Remote operation
Anchoring system
Methane sensors
Continuous monitoring of methane

26. High wall mining as a coal mining method:
 Increases mine-able reserves
 Mines coal cost effectively
 Maximum safety
 With minimum risk