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BLACK TIP OF MANGO
AND
KHAIRA DISEASE OF
RICE
Submitted by:
Prashant Chaudhary
Niraj Khanal
Niraj Shirvastav
Prabesh Koirala
Prabin Gaudel
BLACK TIP OF MANGO
Introduction
- Physiological disorder
- Mostly seen in Dasheri variety from Lukhnow
- Found when orchard’s near kilns
- Peculiar to India (Singh, R.S. 1978. Plant Diseases. Oxford & IBH publishing CO.)
Symptoms
- Necrotic distal tips
- Tips turn brown to black
- Scaly sunken tips with soft, decaying interior flesh
oozing dark liquid
Causes:
- Fumes from kilns containing which contains toxic gases
like CO2,SO2, Ethylene etc
- Association with borax deficiency in sandy conditions
(Das Gupta and Sen,1960) and
- fluorine toxicity around kiln vicinity (C,Zhang, H, Huang
and Y. Kuang,1995) dipping fruits in fluorine
concentration turned appearance similar to BT of mango.
In analysis, double concentration of F was seen in fruits
and as high as six times in leaves. The difference is
cause of pericarp protective function.
Management
- Spraying Borax (1%), Caustic soda (0.8%) and washing soda (0.5%) thrice in a
season starting from pea stage in 15 days interval
- Kilns of 15-18 m height and orchards approx. 5-6 km away from those kilns
- Orchard orientation = N-S direction
- Covering plants with cellophane bags (how to use and why to use so?)
- Legislative measures ( kiln height, kiln restriction area etc)
Khaira Disease
Introduction
- Nutrient Deficient Disorder
- Y.L Nene first recognize from field of UP (1966)
- Hadda (west pakistan)- similar case (1967)
Symptoms
 Firstly intervienal chlorosis
 Yellow and white streaks at base of leaves
 Lower leaves small brown/bronze/tan color spots
 Root growth restricted
 Spots coalesce with each other and forms entire surface bronze
Causes
- Increased PH following flooding results zinc deficiency
- Intensive Cultivation (High NPK)
- Prominent in laterate soil and coarse textured soil
Management
- Dressing of Sprouted 1% zinc oxide
- Root dipping with 2% ZnO for 1-2 minutes
- ZnSO4 25-30 kg/ha as soil application (Adhikari,2017)
- 5kg ZnsO4 + 2.5 kg slaked lime + 1000 liter water
First Spray after – 10 DAS in nursery
Second Spray after – 20 DAS in nursery
Third spray after – 15-30 DAP
Thank You deficiency!

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Khaira and Black tip

  • 1. BLACK TIP OF MANGO AND KHAIRA DISEASE OF RICE Submitted by: Prashant Chaudhary Niraj Khanal Niraj Shirvastav Prabesh Koirala Prabin Gaudel
  • 2. BLACK TIP OF MANGO
  • 3. Introduction - Physiological disorder - Mostly seen in Dasheri variety from Lukhnow - Found when orchard’s near kilns - Peculiar to India (Singh, R.S. 1978. Plant Diseases. Oxford & IBH publishing CO.)
  • 4. Symptoms - Necrotic distal tips - Tips turn brown to black - Scaly sunken tips with soft, decaying interior flesh oozing dark liquid
  • 5. Causes: - Fumes from kilns containing which contains toxic gases like CO2,SO2, Ethylene etc - Association with borax deficiency in sandy conditions (Das Gupta and Sen,1960) and - fluorine toxicity around kiln vicinity (C,Zhang, H, Huang and Y. Kuang,1995) dipping fruits in fluorine concentration turned appearance similar to BT of mango. In analysis, double concentration of F was seen in fruits and as high as six times in leaves. The difference is cause of pericarp protective function.
  • 6. Management - Spraying Borax (1%), Caustic soda (0.8%) and washing soda (0.5%) thrice in a season starting from pea stage in 15 days interval - Kilns of 15-18 m height and orchards approx. 5-6 km away from those kilns - Orchard orientation = N-S direction - Covering plants with cellophane bags (how to use and why to use so?) - Legislative measures ( kiln height, kiln restriction area etc)
  • 8. Introduction - Nutrient Deficient Disorder - Y.L Nene first recognize from field of UP (1966) - Hadda (west pakistan)- similar case (1967)
  • 9. Symptoms  Firstly intervienal chlorosis  Yellow and white streaks at base of leaves  Lower leaves small brown/bronze/tan color spots  Root growth restricted  Spots coalesce with each other and forms entire surface bronze
  • 10. Causes - Increased PH following flooding results zinc deficiency - Intensive Cultivation (High NPK) - Prominent in laterate soil and coarse textured soil
  • 11. Management - Dressing of Sprouted 1% zinc oxide - Root dipping with 2% ZnO for 1-2 minutes - ZnSO4 25-30 kg/ha as soil application (Adhikari,2017) - 5kg ZnsO4 + 2.5 kg slaked lime + 1000 liter water First Spray after – 10 DAS in nursery Second Spray after – 20 DAS in nursery Third spray after – 15-30 DAP