Black heart of potato
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•5,066 views
This was presented by one of the group of students to our Asst. professors Mr. and Mrs. Poudel (Pathology) in 2017. By B.Sc.Ag Paklihawa IAAS campus, Full phase 6th batch
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
GRAIN SMUT OF SORGHUM
Sorghum grain smut, caused by the fungus Sphacelotheca sorghi, is considered the most destructive disease of sorghum. It can reduce grain yields by up to 25% if left unmanaged. Symptoms appear at grain formation as individual grains are replaced by dirty white to gray smut sori. Management strategies include using disease-free seed, growing resistant varieties, seed treatment with fungicides like sulfur or Captan, crop rotation, and collecting and boiling smutted heads.
Ear cockle of wheat
This document discusses ear cockle of wheat, caused by the nematode Anguina tritici. Key points:
- A. tritici causes galls to form on wheat ears and seeds, shortening and distorting the ears.
- Symptoms also include stunted, twisted leaves and enlarged stems. The nematode lives and reproduces within the seed galls.
- It can interact with the bacterium Clavibacter tritici to cause yellow ear rot disease. Management includes using clean seed, crop rotation, hot water seed treatment, and nematicide application.
Black tip of mango
The document summarizes black tip or necrosis of mango, a disease that affects mango fruits. It occurs in northern Indian states near brick kilns and can affect up to 90% of fruits on a tree. Symptoms appear when fruits are 6-8 weeks old or at the ripening stage, showing blackened, flat tips with soft, rotten inner portions secreting dark brown liquid. The disease is caused by sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and acetylene gases released from brick kilns. Management strategies include spraying borax and ensuring brick kilns are at least 15-18 meters in height and new mango gardens are at least 0.8-1.6 km away to avoid the gases.
Diseases of Wheat
The document discusses several major fungal diseases that affect wheat crops:
1. Rusts, caused by fungi of the genus Puccinia, including stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust. They produce spores that can spread rapidly under wet conditions.
2. Loose smut and kernel bunt, caused by fungi that infect wheat flowers and seeds, resulting in powdery black or dark masses where healthy kernels should be.
3. Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis, which produces white powdery growth on wheat leaves, stems, and flowers that later turns black and dries out plants.
4. Foot rot, caused by Pythium fungi in the soil
Diseases of Gram
This document summarizes three major diseases that affect gram (chickpea) crops: wilt, grey mould, and ascochyta blight. It describes the symptoms, causal pathogens, and disease cycles. For wilt, the symptoms include yellowing, wilting, and death of plants. It is caused by Fusarium oxysporum and spreads through soil and irrigation water. For grey mould, symptoms include flower and pod rotting. It is caused by Botrytis cineria and spreads rapidly under humid conditions. For ascochyta blight, symptoms include leaf spots and stem lesions. It is caused by Ascochyta rabiei and spreads through infected plant debris and
Diseases of wheat
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
Downy Mildew of Maize
1) Downy mildew is a fungal disease that affects maize crops. Several fungi can cause downy mildew, including Peronosclerospora philippinensis, P. maydis, P. sorghi, P. sacchari, and Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae.
2) Symptoms include yellow or brown stripes on leaves, a white fungal growth on the underside of leaves, stunted growth, malformed tassels, and cob formation without grains. Yield losses of up to 63% are reported.
3) The pathogens survive in crop residues and seeds. Spread occurs through seed transmission. Warm, wet conditions favor disease development.
Diseases of Apple
This document summarizes several diseases that affect apples:
1. Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, causes black spots on leaves and fruits. Spores are spread by wind and rain. Management includes clean cultivation, resistant varieties, and fungicide sprays.
2. Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, produces white or gray powdery patches on leaves, twigs, and fruits. Spores are wind-borne. Management includes sanitation, pre-bloom lime sulfur sprays, and resistant varieties.
3. Fire blight, caused by bacterium Erwinia amylovora, affects blossoms, shoots, branches
Recommended
GRAIN SMUT OF SORGHUM
Sorghum grain smut, caused by the fungus Sphacelotheca sorghi, is considered the most destructive disease of sorghum. It can reduce grain yields by up to 25% if left unmanaged. Symptoms appear at grain formation as individual grains are replaced by dirty white to gray smut sori. Management strategies include using disease-free seed, growing resistant varieties, seed treatment with fungicides like sulfur or Captan, crop rotation, and collecting and boiling smutted heads.
Ear cockle of wheat
This document discusses ear cockle of wheat, caused by the nematode Anguina tritici. Key points:
- A. tritici causes galls to form on wheat ears and seeds, shortening and distorting the ears.
- Symptoms also include stunted, twisted leaves and enlarged stems. The nematode lives and reproduces within the seed galls.
- It can interact with the bacterium Clavibacter tritici to cause yellow ear rot disease. Management includes using clean seed, crop rotation, hot water seed treatment, and nematicide application.
Black tip of mango
The document summarizes black tip or necrosis of mango, a disease that affects mango fruits. It occurs in northern Indian states near brick kilns and can affect up to 90% of fruits on a tree. Symptoms appear when fruits are 6-8 weeks old or at the ripening stage, showing blackened, flat tips with soft, rotten inner portions secreting dark brown liquid. The disease is caused by sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and acetylene gases released from brick kilns. Management strategies include spraying borax and ensuring brick kilns are at least 15-18 meters in height and new mango gardens are at least 0.8-1.6 km away to avoid the gases.
Diseases of Wheat
The document discusses several major fungal diseases that affect wheat crops:
1. Rusts, caused by fungi of the genus Puccinia, including stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust. They produce spores that can spread rapidly under wet conditions.
2. Loose smut and kernel bunt, caused by fungi that infect wheat flowers and seeds, resulting in powdery black or dark masses where healthy kernels should be.
3. Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe graminis, which produces white powdery growth on wheat leaves, stems, and flowers that later turns black and dries out plants.
4. Foot rot, caused by Pythium fungi in the soil
Diseases of Gram
This document summarizes three major diseases that affect gram (chickpea) crops: wilt, grey mould, and ascochyta blight. It describes the symptoms, causal pathogens, and disease cycles. For wilt, the symptoms include yellowing, wilting, and death of plants. It is caused by Fusarium oxysporum and spreads through soil and irrigation water. For grey mould, symptoms include flower and pod rotting. It is caused by Botrytis cineria and spreads rapidly under humid conditions. For ascochyta blight, symptoms include leaf spots and stem lesions. It is caused by Ascochyta rabiei and spreads through infected plant debris and
Diseases of wheat
This power-point provides general knowledge on the major wheat disease as
Common bunt of wheat
Fusarium head blight of wheat
Loose smut of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat
Bacterial streak of wheat
Barley yellow dwarf virus of wheat
Leaf rust of wheat
Stem rust of wheat
Stripe rust of wheat
Powdery mildew of wheat
Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Stagonospora nodorum blotch
Tan spot
Wheat soilborne mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic
Wheat streak mosaic
Cephalosporium stripe
Common root rot
Fusarium root,
crown, and foot rots
Take-all of wheat
Downy Mildew of Maize
1) Downy mildew is a fungal disease that affects maize crops. Several fungi can cause downy mildew, including Peronosclerospora philippinensis, P. maydis, P. sorghi, P. sacchari, and Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae.
2) Symptoms include yellow or brown stripes on leaves, a white fungal growth on the underside of leaves, stunted growth, malformed tassels, and cob formation without grains. Yield losses of up to 63% are reported.
3) The pathogens survive in crop residues and seeds. Spread occurs through seed transmission. Warm, wet conditions favor disease development.
Diseases of Apple
This document summarizes several diseases that affect apples:
1. Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, causes black spots on leaves and fruits. Spores are spread by wind and rain. Management includes clean cultivation, resistant varieties, and fungicide sprays.
2. Powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, produces white or gray powdery patches on leaves, twigs, and fruits. Spores are wind-borne. Management includes sanitation, pre-bloom lime sulfur sprays, and resistant varieties.
3. Fire blight, caused by bacterium Erwinia amylovora, affects blossoms, shoots, branches
Diseases of rice
The overall description of major diseases of Rice or Paddy crop is ellustrated in presentation. The students prepairing for Agriculture can feel helpful. Thank You!
Diseases of Guava
This document provides information on diseases that affect guava plants. It discusses the symptoms, characteristics, and management of major diseases like Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii. It also covers other diseases such as fruit canker caused by Pestalotiopsis psidii, stem canker from Physalospora psidii, anthracnose from Gloeosporium psidii, and red rust from Cephaleuros virescens. It details the identification and environmental conditions that promote each disease, as well as cultural, biological and chemical control methods.
Disease of sorghum
The document describes 9 diseases that affect sorghum crops:
1. Anthracnose or Red leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum graminicola causes small red spots on leaves.
2. Rust caused by Puccinia purpurea causes small reddish brown flecks and pustules on leaves.
3. Ergot or Sugary disease caused by Claviceps sorghi leads to honeydew secretion and blackened heads.
4. Head Mould / Grain Mould / Head Blight caused by several fungi causes pink or black mold on infected grains.
5. Leaf Blight or Leaf Stripe caused by Exserohilum tur
Diseases on pea
a brief description on diseases of pea their symptom and casual organism.
Content is for eduacational purpose and truly for students ,scientist and farmers.
students presentation
Brown Rust of Wheat
This ppt includes Introduction and symptoms of disease, Introduction of Pathogen and disease managment of Brown rust of wheat.
DOWNY MILDEW OF MAIZE
Downy mildew of maize is caused by the fungus Pernosclerospora sorghi. It causes chlorotic streaks and stunted growth in maize plants. White, downy growth appears on the lower leaf surfaces and proliferation of buds occurs. The fungus grows as white downy growth consisting of sporangiophores and sporangia. It spreads primarily through airborne conidia and survives in soil, plant debris and other graminaceous plants. Management practices include deep plowing, crop rotation, rogueing infected plants, seed treatment, and fungicide spray.
Tea blister blight
The document summarizes information about Tea Blister Blight caused by the fungus Exobasidium vexans. It first describes the pathogen and disease, then discusses its history, symptoms, mode of spread and survival, epidemiology, and management recommendations which include pruning infected plant parts and spraying fungicides like copper oxy chloride.
Sugarcane diseases
Red rot of sugarcane is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum. It can cause complete loss of sugarcane production during severe epidemics. Symptoms include red patches on leaves and shriveled canes with red and white tissues. Favorable conditions include rain, irrigation, wind, and insect damage. Control measures include using disease-free canes, removing infected plants, rotations, and fungicide treatments.
Smut of sugarcane is caused by the fungus Ustilago scitaminea. Symptoms include the emergence of a "smut whip" and spindle leaves on infected plants. Control involves removing smutted plants, avoiding ratooning, using resistant
Apple Scab Presentation
Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, is one of the most economically important diseases of apple worldwide. It has been plaguing apple crops for centuries. The disease cycle begins with ascospores produced sexually overwintering on infected leaves. During spring rains, ascospores are released and can infect apple leaves and fruit from bud break through petal fall. Secondary infections occur throughout the growing season from asexual spores produced on lesions. If left uncontrolled, apple scab can cause up to 70% crop loss through defoliation, fruit drop, and reduced quality. Proper disease management is needed to minimize economic impacts on apple production.
Diseases of coriander
1. The document discusses three main diseases that affect coriander: Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.corianderii, stem gall caused by Protomyces macrosporus, and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni.
2. These diseases can cause significant yield reductions in coriander under favorable weather conditions for disease development like high soil moisture.
3. Management of these diseases involves practices like crop rotation, removal of plant debris, use of resistant varieties, and fungicide applications.
Diseases of Pea
This document summarizes several diseases that affect pea crops:
- Fusarium wilt causes wilting and death of plants and is spread through soil and seed. Hot weather promotes its growth. Seeds can be treated and soil drenched to manage it.
- Powdery mildew causes white powdery spots on leaves and malformed pods. It spreads through air and likes warm, humid conditions. Crop residues should be burned and resistant varieties used.
- Downy mildew causes gray-white mold on leaves and pods and spreads through soil, seed and water. High humidity and cool temperatures encourage it. Infected plants should be removed.
- Rust causes reddish-brown spots on leaves and dry plants
Panama wilt of banana
This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race TR4, a new threat to banana cultivation in Bihar, India. The presentation covers key details about banana cultivation in Bihar and India, important banana diseases, symptoms and spread of Panama wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, races of the pathogen, its international spread and impact on banana production worldwide, and management strategies for fields infected with race TR4.
Diseases of Papaya
The document discusses several diseases that affect papaya plants and fruit, including fungal, viral, and post-harvest diseases. It describes the symptoms, causal organisms, and management strategies for major diseases like powdery mildew, anthracnose, mosaic virus, ring spot virus, and post-harvest rots caused by Macrophomina, Rhizopus, and Phomopsis fungi. Proper cultivation practices, fungicide applications, vector control, and post-harvest handling can help control these diseases and reduce losses to papaya production and storage.
LEAF SPOT DISEASE IN GROUNDNUT
This document summarizes two fungal pathogens that cause early and late leaf spot disease in groundnuts: Mycosphaerella arachidis and Mycosphaerella berkeleyii. It describes their systematic position, symptoms, epidemiology, and management. Mycosphaerella arachidis causes early leaf spot, forming larger irregular lesions with yellow halos. Mycosphaerella berkeleyii causes late leaf spot, forming smaller circular lesions without halos. Both diseases require prolonged humidity for infection and development. Management includes cultural, chemical, and biological controls like crop rotation, fungicide application, and biocontrol agents.
Guava anthracnose
- Guava anthracnose is caused by the fungal pathogen Gloeosporium psidii. It affects guava plants and fruits.
- Symptoms include die back of branches, leaf spots, and sunken lesions on fruits. The disease is favored by moist conditions and temperatures between 10-35°C.
- The pathogen can survive on plant debris and spreads via airborne spores. Management involves resistant varieties, pruning, fungicide sprays, and post-harvest fruit dips.
Chirkey and foorkey disease of cardamom
This is a slide prepared about two viral diseases of Cardamom by me and sushil for classroom presentation of Pathology. All the photos inserted in this slides are downloaded from the internet and belongs to respective uploader.
Diseases of Brinjal
1) The document discusses several diseases that affect brinjal/eggplant crops including little leaf caused by phytoplasma, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, and Phomopsis fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans.
2) Little leaf results in small, stunted leaves and bushy growth while bacterial wilt causes sudden wilting and death. Phomopsis causes fruit rot and blight on leaves and stems.
3) Diseases spread through vectors like jassids for little leaf and are managed through resistant varieties, crop rotation, and fungicide/insecticide sprays.
Banana diseases
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
Diseases of Sugarcane
1. The document describes 6 major diseases that affect sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoon stunting, and Pokkah Boeng.
2. It provides details on the causal organisms, symptoms, disease cycle, and management strategies for each disease.
3. The management strategies discussed include cultural practices like using disease-free seed, crop rotation and resistant varieties, physical practices like rogueing of infected plants, and chemical control using pesticides and fungicides.
Apple scab
Venturia inaequalis causes apple scab, a fungal disease affecting apple and crabapple trees. Symptoms include olive green spots on leaves that can spread and cause leaves to yellow and drop. Infected fruits develop scabby, brown lesions and cracks. The fungus overwinters in fallen leaves and fruit, releasing spores in spring that spread via rain and wind. Repeated infections can occur throughout the growing season. Management includes pruning trees, removing fallen leaves and fruits, applying fungicides starting at bud break, and planting resistant varieties.
Varietal trial of 6 genotypes of lentil
VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN 6 GENOTYPES OF Lentil (Lens culinaris) AT IAAS, PAKLIHAWA, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL. This research had been undertaken as a part of UPA (Undergraduate Practicum Assessment)
Litchi cultivation
I had written on the topic of litchi cultivation as an assignment of Pomology given by Mr. manoj Basnet, Department of Horticulture. This consist of different sub topics including varities, method of planting, diseases of litchi etc
More Related Content
What's hot
Diseases of rice
The overall description of major diseases of Rice or Paddy crop is ellustrated in presentation. The students prepairing for Agriculture can feel helpful. Thank You!
Diseases of Guava
This document provides information on diseases that affect guava plants. It discusses the symptoms, characteristics, and management of major diseases like Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii. It also covers other diseases such as fruit canker caused by Pestalotiopsis psidii, stem canker from Physalospora psidii, anthracnose from Gloeosporium psidii, and red rust from Cephaleuros virescens. It details the identification and environmental conditions that promote each disease, as well as cultural, biological and chemical control methods.
Disease of sorghum
The document describes 9 diseases that affect sorghum crops:
1. Anthracnose or Red leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum graminicola causes small red spots on leaves.
2. Rust caused by Puccinia purpurea causes small reddish brown flecks and pustules on leaves.
3. Ergot or Sugary disease caused by Claviceps sorghi leads to honeydew secretion and blackened heads.
4. Head Mould / Grain Mould / Head Blight caused by several fungi causes pink or black mold on infected grains.
5. Leaf Blight or Leaf Stripe caused by Exserohilum tur
Diseases on pea
a brief description on diseases of pea their symptom and casual organism.
Content is for eduacational purpose and truly for students ,scientist and farmers.
students presentation
Brown Rust of Wheat
This ppt includes Introduction and symptoms of disease, Introduction of Pathogen and disease managment of Brown rust of wheat.
DOWNY MILDEW OF MAIZE
Downy mildew of maize is caused by the fungus Pernosclerospora sorghi. It causes chlorotic streaks and stunted growth in maize plants. White, downy growth appears on the lower leaf surfaces and proliferation of buds occurs. The fungus grows as white downy growth consisting of sporangiophores and sporangia. It spreads primarily through airborne conidia and survives in soil, plant debris and other graminaceous plants. Management practices include deep plowing, crop rotation, rogueing infected plants, seed treatment, and fungicide spray.
Tea blister blight
The document summarizes information about Tea Blister Blight caused by the fungus Exobasidium vexans. It first describes the pathogen and disease, then discusses its history, symptoms, mode of spread and survival, epidemiology, and management recommendations which include pruning infected plant parts and spraying fungicides like copper oxy chloride.
Sugarcane diseases
Red rot of sugarcane is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum falcatum. It can cause complete loss of sugarcane production during severe epidemics. Symptoms include red patches on leaves and shriveled canes with red and white tissues. Favorable conditions include rain, irrigation, wind, and insect damage. Control measures include using disease-free canes, removing infected plants, rotations, and fungicide treatments.
Smut of sugarcane is caused by the fungus Ustilago scitaminea. Symptoms include the emergence of a "smut whip" and spindle leaves on infected plants. Control involves removing smutted plants, avoiding ratooning, using resistant
Apple Scab Presentation
Apple scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, is one of the most economically important diseases of apple worldwide. It has been plaguing apple crops for centuries. The disease cycle begins with ascospores produced sexually overwintering on infected leaves. During spring rains, ascospores are released and can infect apple leaves and fruit from bud break through petal fall. Secondary infections occur throughout the growing season from asexual spores produced on lesions. If left uncontrolled, apple scab can cause up to 70% crop loss through defoliation, fruit drop, and reduced quality. Proper disease management is needed to minimize economic impacts on apple production.
Diseases of coriander
1. The document discusses three main diseases that affect coriander: Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.corianderii, stem gall caused by Protomyces macrosporus, and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni.
2. These diseases can cause significant yield reductions in coriander under favorable weather conditions for disease development like high soil moisture.
3. Management of these diseases involves practices like crop rotation, removal of plant debris, use of resistant varieties, and fungicide applications.
Diseases of Pea
This document summarizes several diseases that affect pea crops:
- Fusarium wilt causes wilting and death of plants and is spread through soil and seed. Hot weather promotes its growth. Seeds can be treated and soil drenched to manage it.
- Powdery mildew causes white powdery spots on leaves and malformed pods. It spreads through air and likes warm, humid conditions. Crop residues should be burned and resistant varieties used.
- Downy mildew causes gray-white mold on leaves and pods and spreads through soil, seed and water. High humidity and cool temperatures encourage it. Infected plants should be removed.
- Rust causes reddish-brown spots on leaves and dry plants
Panama wilt of banana
This document summarizes a doctoral seminar presentation on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race TR4, a new threat to banana cultivation in Bihar, India. The presentation covers key details about banana cultivation in Bihar and India, important banana diseases, symptoms and spread of Panama wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, races of the pathogen, its international spread and impact on banana production worldwide, and management strategies for fields infected with race TR4.
Diseases of Papaya
The document discusses several diseases that affect papaya plants and fruit, including fungal, viral, and post-harvest diseases. It describes the symptoms, causal organisms, and management strategies for major diseases like powdery mildew, anthracnose, mosaic virus, ring spot virus, and post-harvest rots caused by Macrophomina, Rhizopus, and Phomopsis fungi. Proper cultivation practices, fungicide applications, vector control, and post-harvest handling can help control these diseases and reduce losses to papaya production and storage.
LEAF SPOT DISEASE IN GROUNDNUT
This document summarizes two fungal pathogens that cause early and late leaf spot disease in groundnuts: Mycosphaerella arachidis and Mycosphaerella berkeleyii. It describes their systematic position, symptoms, epidemiology, and management. Mycosphaerella arachidis causes early leaf spot, forming larger irregular lesions with yellow halos. Mycosphaerella berkeleyii causes late leaf spot, forming smaller circular lesions without halos. Both diseases require prolonged humidity for infection and development. Management includes cultural, chemical, and biological controls like crop rotation, fungicide application, and biocontrol agents.
Guava anthracnose
- Guava anthracnose is caused by the fungal pathogen Gloeosporium psidii. It affects guava plants and fruits.
- Symptoms include die back of branches, leaf spots, and sunken lesions on fruits. The disease is favored by moist conditions and temperatures between 10-35°C.
- The pathogen can survive on plant debris and spreads via airborne spores. Management involves resistant varieties, pruning, fungicide sprays, and post-harvest fruit dips.
Chirkey and foorkey disease of cardamom
This is a slide prepared about two viral diseases of Cardamom by me and sushil for classroom presentation of Pathology. All the photos inserted in this slides are downloaded from the internet and belongs to respective uploader.
Diseases of Brinjal
1) The document discusses several diseases that affect brinjal/eggplant crops including little leaf caused by phytoplasma, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, and Phomopsis fruit rot caused by Phomopsis vexans.
2) Little leaf results in small, stunted leaves and bushy growth while bacterial wilt causes sudden wilting and death. Phomopsis causes fruit rot and blight on leaves and stems.
3) Diseases spread through vectors like jassids for little leaf and are managed through resistant varieties, crop rotation, and fungicide/insecticide sprays.
Banana diseases
This ppt will help Agricultural professionals to diagnose banana diseases and the management strategies. This is a compilation of important diseases of banana prevalent in India which contains some of my own photographs and others collected from Web. This is intended only for educating students and other agricultural field staff.
Diseases of Sugarcane
1. The document describes 6 major diseases that affect sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoon stunting, and Pokkah Boeng.
2. It provides details on the causal organisms, symptoms, disease cycle, and management strategies for each disease.
3. The management strategies discussed include cultural practices like using disease-free seed, crop rotation and resistant varieties, physical practices like rogueing of infected plants, and chemical control using pesticides and fungicides.
Apple scab
Venturia inaequalis causes apple scab, a fungal disease affecting apple and crabapple trees. Symptoms include olive green spots on leaves that can spread and cause leaves to yellow and drop. Infected fruits develop scabby, brown lesions and cracks. The fungus overwinters in fallen leaves and fruit, releasing spores in spring that spread via rain and wind. Repeated infections can occur throughout the growing season. Management includes pruning trees, removing fallen leaves and fruits, applying fungicides starting at bud break, and planting resistant varieties.
What's hot (20)
More from Dinesh Ghimire
Varietal trial of 6 genotypes of lentil
VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN 6 GENOTYPES OF Lentil (Lens culinaris) AT IAAS, PAKLIHAWA, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL. This research had been undertaken as a part of UPA (Undergraduate Practicum Assessment)
Litchi cultivation
I had written on the topic of litchi cultivation as an assignment of Pomology given by Mr. manoj Basnet, Department of Horticulture. This consist of different sub topics including varities, method of planting, diseases of litchi etc
Model of Proposal on bioprospecting of medicinal plants of Nepal
I had prepared this as an assignment on how to develop a model of proposal as assisterd by our Asst. professors Mr. Subodh Khanal in 2016.
Rice blast, Rust of wheat and downy mildew
Blast of Rice causes significant yield losses in rice. Symptoms include spindle-shaped lesions on leaves and sheaths. The fungus infects plants at all growth stages. It overwinters in crop residues or alternate hosts and spreads via airborne spores, favoring wet and humid conditions. Management involves growing resistant varieties, removing weeds, proper fertilizer use, and fungicide application.
Damping off, collar rot/gummosis of citrus and Papaya and root rot of jute
This was presented by one of the group of students to our Asst. professors Mr. and Mrs. Poudel (Pathology) in 2017. By B.Sc.Ag Paklihawa IAAS campus, Full phase 6th batch
Red rust of tea, litchi and guava
This was presented by one of the group of students to our Asst. professors Mr. and Mrs. Poudel (Pathology) in 2017. By B.Sc.Ag Paklihawa IAAS campus, Full phase 6th batch
Tip burn of paddy
Tip burn is a condition that affects the leaves of rice plants, causing browning and drying of leaf tips and margins. It is caused by excessive moisture from flooding, which can lead to a lack of oxygen and nutrients in the soil. Symptoms include dried, scorched leaf tips that may spread to affect the whole leaf. Management strategies include clipping seedling tips before transplanting, improving soil drainage and aeration, applying ammonium sulfate fertilizer, and green manuring to improve soil conditions.
Mango Malformation and Ergot
This was presented by one of the group of students to our Asst. professors Mr. and Mrs. Poudel (Pathology) in 2017.
By B.Sc.Ag Paklihawa IAAS campus, Full phase 6th batch.
Powdery mildew of apple
Powdery Mildew of Apple is caused by the fungus Podosphaera leucotricha. It is an obligate parasite that feeds on the nutrients of apple leaves, shoots, blossoms, and young fruit. Symptoms include a white, felt-like appearance on leaves and silver-gray discoloration of shoots and blossoms. The disease cycle involves overwintering in buds and production of airborne spores in the spring, which infect young apple tissue. Management strategies include growing resistant varieties, removing inoculum sources, and applying foliar fungicides during flowering and shoot growth.
Khaira and Black tip
A short presentation on black tip of mango and khaira disease.
Location: IAAS, Paklihawa
Presented to: Mr. Rajan Poudel by our classmates
Presentation on Organizational change and organizational development
Organizational Changes..
Prepared by my brother Anil Ghimire, Studying B.H.M, 1st semester in BMC, Rupandehi
Rearing of Chick pea pod borer from larval stage
Larval stage of Chickpea Pod borer was collected from the IAAS, Paklihawa horticulture farm and reared inside plastic box as explained in this presentation.
Post harvest management of root crops
This document discusses post-harvest management techniques for root crops. It covers maturity indices for harvesting root crops like carrots, radishes, and potatoes. It describes proper harvesting methods to minimize injuries. Pre-cooling techniques like hydrocooling and air cooling are explained to remove field heat. Appropriate packaging, storage, transportation and fungicide treatment practices are outlined to reduce post-harvest losses and maintain quality during distribution. Value addition technologies and grading methods for root crops are also briefly mentioned.
5th five year plan
The Fifth Five Year Plan in Nepal (1975-1980) prioritized the agricultural, transport, industrial, and social sectors. The plan's objectives were to maximize output while meeting people's basic needs, promote people-oriented production, regional development, and self-sufficiency in consumer goods. It aimed to increase GDP by 4-5% annually and boost agricultural, food, cash crop, fruit, vegetable, and fish production. The total outlay was Rs. 919.7-1140.4 million with 55% from internal resources and 45% from external aid. Problems included instability and insufficient inputs to achieve targets.
Cotton and guava wilt
This document presents information on the Fusarium wilt disease of cotton. It discusses the causal fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, symptoms of the disease including yellowing, wilting and discoloration of leaves and stems, and favorable conditions for disease development like temperatures around 23°C and alkaline black soils. It also describes the disease cycle involving different spore types, survival of the fungus in soil, and secondary spread through irrigation water. Management strategies are outlined, including seed treatment, crop rotation, resistant varieties, and maintaining soil health.
Puccinia ppt
Puccinia is a genus of fungi that includes approximately 5000 species, some of which are devastating pathogens of wheat and other cereals. Puccinia graminis causes stem rust in wheat, P. recondita causes brown leaf rust, and P. striformis causes yellow stripe rust. These rusts have polymorphic life cycles with multiple spore stages. Symptoms vary by species but generally include blisters or pustules that erupt and release spores, which can be brick red in stem rust and cause stems and leaves to blacken. Brown leaf rust first appears on upper leaves while yellow stripe rust primarily affects leaves. In barberry shrubs, rust symptoms appear as yellow to orange spots on leaves.
More from Dinesh Ghimire (16)
Model of Proposal on bioprospecting of medicinal plants of Nepal
Model of Proposal on bioprospecting of medicinal plants of Nepal
Damping off, collar rot/gummosis of citrus and Papaya and root rot of jute
Damping off, collar rot/gummosis of citrus and Papaya and root rot of jute
Presentation on Organizational change and organizational development
Presentation on Organizational change and organizational development
Recently uploaded
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Bordettela is a gram negative cocobacilli spread by air born drop let
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingDeep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Recently uploaded (20)
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Black heart of potato
- 1. Black heart of potato
- 2. INTRODUCTION Important physiological disorder, storage, transit and market disease caused by poor oxygen relation leading to dark necrotic cavities. Also occur when the temperature goes above 320C during growth and maturation of tuber and also during transit.
- 3. SYMPTOMS Symptoms first visible at the center of the tuber. Center of the affected tissue is dark grey to black in an irregular pattern indicating necrosis. Darkened areas are firm but on exposure to room become soft . Advance stage, affected tissue dry out, shrinks with the formation of cavity in the center. Symptoms on reaching the surface appear as dark sunken patches.
- 6. CAUSES 1. Asphyxiation Storage at low temperature at and below 00C high temperature (8-10) 0C. Compact soil which restricts air movement. Prolonged hot or drought period when soils are flooded or stay saturated for longer period oxygen diffusion into potato tuber is restricted. Lack of O2 to tuber interior causes interior tissue to die and ultimately turn brown purple or black. 2. Low calcium mineral content in the soil.
- 7. MANAGEMENT Timely and proper irrigation and flooding. Application of calcium rich fertilizer like gypsum and limestone. Maintain moderate temperature during cold storage. Maintain adequate ventilation during transport, storage to avoid asphyxiation.
- 8. MANAGEMENT Avoid harvesting at extremely heat around 30 c and excessively low temperature around 0 c. Do not delay harvest i.e. timely harvest. Plant variety resistant to heat stress e.g.. Atlantic variety is must susceptible while Harley Blackwell is most resistant.