Development of a group of low power, low noise, operational amplifiers for Biomedical and Biotechnology instrumentation applications. Application is demonstrated to implement high performance single slope and dual slope Analog to Digital Converters (ADC). By Kevin Glass.
A complete description of including circuit diagram, gain equation, features of Instrumentational amplifier , its working principle, applications, practical circuits, Proteus simulation and conclusion.
Uet, Peshawar Pakistan
Batch-06
A complete description of including circuit diagram, gain equation, features of Instrumentational amplifier , its working principle, applications, practical circuits, Proteus simulation and conclusion.
Uet, Peshawar Pakistan
Batch-06
A presentation by Arsalan Qureshi student of Dawood University Of Engineering And Technology. Roll No: D-16-TE-09. This Presentation Is about op amp and its properties of integrator and differentiator.
Design and Analysis of CMOS Instrumentation AmplifierIJEEE
This paper presents the design and analysis of CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier in terms of gainas a performance metric. CMOSInstrumentation Amplifier has been designed using three Operational Amplifiers. Two basic op-amps have been used at the input stage and the output stage have been analysed for three different configurations. These configurations are: basic op-amp, body bias op-amp and folded cascode op-amp. A comparison has been drawn for all the three configurations.Most of the previous work has been done usingthe same type of op-amp at both the input and output stages of instrumentation amplifier. To obtain the desirableGain, focus has been laid upon transistor sizing for designing. The design models have been implemented using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Suite in 0.18µm CMOS technology.The simulations have been analysed in detail. A significant gain improvement has been observed in the circuit design with body bias and folded cascode as compared to the basic cascade design.
High Gain, Low Noise Instrumentation Amplifier Using Three Operational Amplif...IJEEE
This paper investigate the performance ofInstrumentation amplifier (INA) using three operationalAmplifier. The proposed circuit works for low input voltageequalised to the heart beat of the human being to analyses theECG (Biomedical application) response. The analyses ofGain, Bandwidth, Unity GBW, Phase margin and outputnoise for operational amplifier used in INA and For the INAGain, Bandwidth, output noise and power Dissipation areanalysed. The proposed circuit designed on UMC 180nmCMOS technology file and all the simulation done onCADENCE SPECTRE Simulator.
This presentation contains the basics of oscillators, types of oscillators & its mathematical Analysis. Numericals based on each type of oscillator are solved & given for practice.
A presentation by Arsalan Qureshi student of Dawood University Of Engineering And Technology. Roll No: D-16-TE-09. This Presentation Is about op amp and its properties of integrator and differentiator.
Design and Analysis of CMOS Instrumentation AmplifierIJEEE
This paper presents the design and analysis of CMOS Instrumentation Amplifier in terms of gainas a performance metric. CMOSInstrumentation Amplifier has been designed using three Operational Amplifiers. Two basic op-amps have been used at the input stage and the output stage have been analysed for three different configurations. These configurations are: basic op-amp, body bias op-amp and folded cascode op-amp. A comparison has been drawn for all the three configurations.Most of the previous work has been done usingthe same type of op-amp at both the input and output stages of instrumentation amplifier. To obtain the desirableGain, focus has been laid upon transistor sizing for designing. The design models have been implemented using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Suite in 0.18µm CMOS technology.The simulations have been analysed in detail. A significant gain improvement has been observed in the circuit design with body bias and folded cascode as compared to the basic cascade design.
High Gain, Low Noise Instrumentation Amplifier Using Three Operational Amplif...IJEEE
This paper investigate the performance ofInstrumentation amplifier (INA) using three operationalAmplifier. The proposed circuit works for low input voltageequalised to the heart beat of the human being to analyses theECG (Biomedical application) response. The analyses ofGain, Bandwidth, Unity GBW, Phase margin and outputnoise for operational amplifier used in INA and For the INAGain, Bandwidth, output noise and power Dissipation areanalysed. The proposed circuit designed on UMC 180nmCMOS technology file and all the simulation done onCADENCE SPECTRE Simulator.
This presentation contains the basics of oscillators, types of oscillators & its mathematical Analysis. Numericals based on each type of oscillator are solved & given for practice.
This presentation covers:
Different types of antennas used in satellite communication
Role of an antenna
Antenna temperature
Cassegrain feed Antenna
Parabolic antenna
GICSA es la empresa líder en el desarrollo, inversión, comercialización y operación de centros comerciales, oficinas corporativas y naves industriales.
Imagenes publicitarias, por grandes causas: Para agitar las neuronaskantiana
Esta es una presentación de power point, donde aprecen campañas publicitarias de todo el mundo, por grandes causas. Son capañas de concientización y reflexión.
Gremial nacional guatemalteca de medicos naturopatas discurso dr hugo arnulfo...Hugo Rivera
Discurso pronunciado por el Dr. Hugo Arnulfo Rivera, Médico Naturópata, representante de la Gremial Nacional Guatemalteca de Médicos Naturópatas (GNGMN), ante la asamblea del pleno del Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Salud (SNTS) y la Confederacion Sindical conformada por el Frente Nacional de Lucha (FNL), con motivo de la celebración del 1ero de mayo del año 2014 (día internacional de los trabajadores). Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social de la Republica de Guatemala.
Block diagram of a typical op-amp – characteristics of ideal and practical op-amp - parameters of opamp – inverting and non-inverting amplifier configurations - frequency response - circuit stability.
Design of Ota-C Filter for Biomedical ApplicationsIOSR Journals
Abstract-This paper presents design of operational transconductance amplifier is to amplify the ECG signal
having low frequency of 300Hz, with the supply voltage of 0.8v. To reduce the power dissipation of 779nW, by
using fifth order low pass filter. The OTA-C filter is to eliminate noise voltage and increases the reliability of
the system. A chip is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process is simulated and measured to validate the system
performance using HSPICE.
Negitive Feedback in Analog IC Design 02 April 2020 Javed G S, PhD
The webinar discusses the topics of negative feedback and its importance across the Analog IC design spectrum. In the talk, we discuss about the variations of feedback (Shunt and Series combinations) and their usage. It has applications in many control circuit design for power management, reference designs, regulator design, noise reduction in the system, gain desensitization and PLL design among many other systems.
And the end of the talk, the audience is expected to understand the need for the feedback and its applications
Design of Low Power & High Speed Comparator with 0.18μm Technology for ADC Ap...IJERA Editor
In Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), high speed comparator influences the overall performance of ADC directly. This paper presents the high speed & low power design of a CMOS comparator. Schematic design of this comparator is fabricated in a 0.18μm UMC Technology with 1.8V power supply and simulated in cadence Virtuoso. Simulation results are presented and it shows that this design can work under high speed of 0.8108 GHz. The design has a low offset voltage, low power dissipation 108.0318μw. In addition we have verified present results with schematic view design and also compared these results with earlier reported work and got improvement in this reported work.
Ece 523 project – fully differential two stage telescopic op ampKarthik Rathinavel
• Designed a two stage op-amp with first stage as a telescopic amplifier and second stage being a common source, in Cadence.
• Simulated the loop characteristics of the amplifier to have atleast 100 MHz Unity Gain Bandwidth, 65 dB gain and 60º phase margin (both differential loop and Common Mode) for three temperature (27,-40,100) corners.
• Extracted the layout of the design in Virtuoso (after passing DRC an LVS) and simulated the differential loop performances of the extracted netlist.
• Designed a third order Butterworth filter with 100 KHz corner frequency using the op-amp.
This paper presents the design of folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). This
design has been implemented in 0.18um CMOS Technology using Cadence. Spectre simulation shows
that the OTA has flat gain of 47dB from 1Hz to 100 KHz frequency, indicating stability of OTA, noise
ranges as 22.49769nV/ at 10Hz to 66.89128fV/ at 1MHz and average power as 0.770mW. In
this paper, we will be studying the design concepts, analysis of operational transconductance amplifier
which is used for recording the bio signals. This paper plays a key role in real time applications for
equipment designing of ECG, EEG, EMG, ENG devices. It is also used in recording and also for
treatment of Paralysis, Epilepsy, Neuro diseases etc.,
Common emitter amplifier by YEASIN NEWAJYeasinNewaj
This slide has been created for students who are studying electrical engineering and who want to gain knowledge of basic electronics. The topic is COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER OF BJT
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Kevin Glass Doctoral Qualifying Exam
1. Low Current ElectrochemicalLow Current Electrochemical
Measurement for BiotechnolgyMeasurement for Biotechnolgy
ApplicationsApplications
Kevin W. GlassKevin W. Glass
Advisor: Dr. AlleeAdvisor: Dr. Allee
Co-Advisor: Dr. SongCo-Advisor: Dr. Song
2. AgendaAgenda
Electrochemical Measurement BasicsElectrochemical Measurement Basics
Example Low Current MeasurementExample Low Current Measurement
SystemsSystems
A/D Converter SelectionA/D Converter Selection
Opamp SelectionOpamp Selection
Review of Current Opamp DesignsReview of Current Opamp Designs
SummarySummary
4. Three Terminal Electrochemical Cell with PotentiostatThree Terminal Electrochemical Cell with Potentiostat
for Current Measurement [3].for Current Measurement [3].
Counter/
Counter/
9. System Diagrams of Potentiostat Chip Set Designed at Stanford.
Left - Top level systems diagram of the electrochemical analysis system [11].
Right – More detailed top level diagram of the potentiostat [12].
10. Switch implementation approaches.
Left – Conventional nMOS transfer gate switch [10].
Right – Low junction leakage alternative. pMOS used with
n well tied to reference supply (Gnd) to Vcc/Vss.
Inputs to be measured are maintained very close to Gnd,
so the voltage from p+ source/drain to n well is ~0V with negligible leakage
11. Block Diagram of A/D converter integrator.
Switches with dashes are low junction leakage
p channels with n wells connected to gnd [10].
Iin = (T2 / T1 ) Iref
12. Left – Top level conceptual schematic of offset cancellation for dual input
opamp [10].
Right – Circuit implementation of dual input opamp with
dedicated offset cancellation input [11].
14. Burr Brown Precision Switched Integrator Transimpedance Amplifier.
This can be used as a building block for an integrating A/D converter [13]
15. IC1
is a self-contained transimpedance amplifier with an internal feedback capacitor, a hold switch,
a reset switch, and a precision op amp (laser trimmed to compensate for offset and drift errors).
This amplifier forms the input block for along with the 30-pF internal capacitor
This capacitance, along with the integration time set by the 555 timer, scales the
I/V output by the transfer equation, Vout=-Iin*Integration Time/Feedback Capacitance=-50mV/pA
Burr Brown Picoammeter Reference Design Board
17. A/D Converted SelectionA/D Converted Selection
Desired goal was to have a converter with 16 bits resolution. The application
frequency range is very low, so conversion speed is not an issue. Low noise is a
major issue since our goal is to measure currents possibly as low as 1pA, and if
possible, 0.1pA
Typical resistive ladder, ratioed capacitor, or cyclic converters did not meet the
requirements because of resolution limitations from component matching, and noise
issues.
Sigma-Delta converters possibility - employed in some of the prior work reviewed.
Resolution of these types of converters can be very high with large over sampling
ratios. The application of Sigma-Delta converters can have issues for DC
measurements. For signals that are not varying with time, they can develop output
tones or instabilities. A low noise front end amplifier and low pass filter are still
required.
Integrating A/D converters have been used for precision current measurement
instruments, in particular, the dual slope A/D converter. This converter employs a
low noise operational amplifier in an inverting configuration with a capacitor feeding
from the output to the inverting input to form a miller integrator
The integrator in combination with the input signal forms a low pass filter, bandThe integrator in combination with the input signal forms a low pass filter, band
limiting and attenuating higher frequency noise.limiting and attenuating higher frequency noise.
To adjust for different voltage or current ranges, the integration time can be varied.To adjust for different voltage or current ranges, the integration time can be varied.
The lower the current range measured, the longer the integration time. For dualThe lower the current range measured, the longer the integration time. For dual
slope - Iin = (T2 / T1 ) Iref.slope - Iin = (T2 / T1 ) Iref.
Modifications can be made to the dual slope technique to account for opamp offset,Modifications can be made to the dual slope technique to account for opamp offset,
switch charge injection and other non-idealities.switch charge injection and other non-idealities.
Integrating A/D can be viewed as integrate and dump matched filter - SNR=CVIntegrating A/D can be viewed as integrate and dump matched filter - SNR=CV22
/N/N00
18. Left - Basic Auto Zero (AZ) amplifier block diagram [16].
Right - The effect of the AZ process on a first order low-pass filtered
1/f noise having a bandwidth 5 times larger than the sampling frequency [16].
19. High Level Block Diagram of Electrochemical Measurement System
under development at ASU.
21. Opamp SelectionOpamp Selection
2 stage active load – noise from active loads, compensation2 stage active load – noise from active loads, compensation
OTA (e.g. U of Utah) – noise from diode loaded input, lowOTA (e.g. U of Utah) – noise from diode loaded input, low
gain first stagegain first stage
Telescopic – noise from active loads, low output swingTelescopic – noise from active loads, low output swing
Gain Boost – Possible to be added to current designsGain Boost – Possible to be added to current designs
Lateral bipolar inputs - low beta causes high base currents,Lateral bipolar inputs - low beta causes high base currents,
which increases the base thermal noise. Higher 1/f noisewhich increases the base thermal noise. Higher 1/f noise
because of the surface states. No device models existed forbecause of the surface states. No device models existed for
process.process.
Chopper Stabilized – Too much complexity for 1Chopper Stabilized – Too much complexity for 1stst
pass. Willpass. Will
revisit because technically superior.revisit because technically superior.
Decided on folded cascode – high gain in 1 stage.Decided on folded cascode – high gain in 1 stage.
Decided on some new design with resistor loads on input.Decided on some new design with resistor loads on input.
22. Left – Schematic of CMOS opamp using lateral PNP transistors
[19].
Right- Layout of the lateral bipolar PNP input transistor [19].
23. Top – the chopper amplifier principal [16].
Bottom – Waveforms appearing along the chopper amplifier
for a DC input and an amplifier bandwidth limited to twice the
chopper frequency [16].
24. Left – Chopper Modulated white noise at zero frequency as
a function of the original bandwidth [16].
Right- Chopper output PSD for 1/f noise [16].
28. Cadence schematic with device sizes and values for the
self biased folded cascode opamp (selfbfcascode)
29. Gain/Phase simulations of selfbfcascode opamp using testbench actest1a.Gain/Phase simulations of selfbfcascode opamp using testbench actest1a.
Overlaid plots of 7 corners: Nominal, 27Overlaid plots of 7 corners: Nominal, 27oo
C (Vcc=2V, 2.5V,3V); Nominal, 27C (Vcc=2V, 2.5V,3V); Nominal, 27oo
CC
(R=+30%,-30%); Slow, 125(R=+30%,-30%); Slow, 125oo
C; Fast -15C; Fast -15oo
C. Cload=35pF, PM≈60C. Cload=35pF, PM≈60oo
30. Input referred noise voltage squared for selfbfcascode opamp using
testbench actest1a. Kf =6(10)-27 (pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25 (nMOS),
Model Level=11, Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=35pF, PM=60o
.
31. Transient simulation of selfbfcascode opamp using trantest1test bench,
+/- 2.5V input, 1us rise and fall times. Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V
32. Cadence schematic with device sizes and values for the low noise
self biased folded cascode opamp (lnselfbfcascode). IP24=216uA, and
IP3=105uA, IP2=212uA. Nominal process, temperature, and Vcc=2.5V.
33. Cadence schematic with device sizes and node voltages and for the self biased folded
cascode opamp with compensation (selfbfcascodecmp).This is the output of
lnselfbfcascode.This opamp is identical to selfbfcascode in Figure 21, with the addition
of P20 (100u/20u*60) for a comp. cap. IP2=83.4uA, and IP3=IP4=82.0uA,
nominal process and temperature, Vcc=2.5V.
34. Gain/Phase simulations of lnselfbfcascode opamp using testbench actest1a.
Overlaid plots of 7 corners: Nominal, 27o
C (Vcc=2V, 2.5V, 3V); Nominal,
27o
C (R=+30%,-30%); Slow, 125o
C; Fast -15o
C. Cload=30pF, PM≈75o
35. Input referred noise voltage squared for lnselfbfcascode opamp using test
bench actest1a. Kf =6(10)-27 (pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25 (nMOS),
Model Level=11, Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=30pF, PM=75o
36. Transient simulation of lnselfbfcascode opamp using trantest1 test bench.
+/- 2.5V input, 1us rise and fall times. Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V.
Includes internal nodes-vinvplus and vinvminus–output of diff. pair.
37. Cadence schematic with device sizes, values and node voltages for the
high gain - low noise, opamp (hglnopaa). P31 and P26 are used as compensation
capacitors with sizes of (100u/20u*24) and (100u/20u*38) respectively.
IP4=48uA, and IP2=187uA, IN10=19uA, IP6=IP7=111uA, IP51=67uA.
Nominal process, 27o
C, and Vcc=2.5V.
39. System level diagram for common modeSystem level diagram for common mode
feedback circuit for hglnopaa opamp.feedback circuit for hglnopaa opamp.
40. Opamp hglnopaa common mode feedback loop magnitude response.
Overlaid plots with and without capacitor CP44. Simulations using test
bench similar to actest1a. Top blue curve - opamp gain response for reference.
Second from top red curve – Differential input stage gain response.
Third from top – vcommon gain response. Bottom curve - vcmfb gain response.
Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V.
41. Input referred noise voltage for hglnopaa opamp using test bench actest1a.
Kf =6(10)-27
(pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25
(nMOS), Model Level=11,
Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=30pF, PM=90o
.
42. Cadence schematic with device sizes and values for high gain - low noise, opamp with
W for P0 and P1 input transistors increased to 2000u. (hglnopaa2). Compensation
Source follower sizes increased 50% to W=150u for P50 and W=300u for P51.
Associated current increased from 67uA to 100uA. P31 andP26 compensation capacitor
sizes remain the same at (100u/20u*24) and (100u/20u*38) respectively.
43. Input referred noise voltage for hglnopaa2 opamp (W=2000u input transistor)
using test bench actest1a. Kf =6(10)-27
(pMOS), Kf =3(10)-25
(nMOS),
Model Level=11, Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V, Cload=30pF, PM=90o
.
44. Gain/Phase simulations of hglnoppa2 opamp using test bench actest1a.
Overlaid plots of 9 corners: Nominal, 27o
C, (Vcc=2V, 2.5V, 3V), (R=+30%,-30%);
Slow, 125o
C, Vcc=2.5V; Fast, -25o
C, Vcc=2.5V. Cload=30pF, PM≈65o
.
45. Transient simulation of hglnopaa opamp using trantest1 test bench.
+/- 2.5V input, 1us rise and fall times. Nominal process, 27o
C, Vcc=2.5V.
Includes internal nodes-vinvplus and vinvminus–output of diff. pair.
Also includes internal nodes of common mode feedback circuit – vcmfb,
vdiffbias, and vcommon.
47. Comparison of Opamp Input Referred Noise RelationsComparison of Opamp Input Referred Noise Relations
Self Biased Folded CascodeSelf Biased Folded Cascode
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3)/g={4kT[(4/3)/gmP1mP1)+1/g)+1/gmP3mP3+1/g+1/gmN1mN1]+]+
[(2K[(2KfPfP+3K+3KfNfN)/6000u)/6000u22
CC00](1/f )}∆f (36)](1/f )}∆f (36)
Low Noise Self Biased Folded CascodeLow Noise Self Biased Folded Cascode
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3/g={4kT[(4/3/gmP0LNmP0LN)+(1/g)+(1/g22
mP0LNmP0LNRR11)]+)]+
(K(KfPfP/20000u/20000u22
CC00)(1/f)}∆f (63))(1/f)}∆f (63)
High Gain Low NoiseHigh Gain Low Noise
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3/g={4kT[(4/3/gmP0mP0)+(1/g)+(1/g22
mP0mP0RR11)]+)]+
(K(KfPfP/10000u/10000u22
CC00)(1/f)}∆f (80))(1/f)}∆f (80)
High Gain Low Noise opa2High Gain Low Noise opa2
vv22
totaltotal={4kT[(4/3/g={4kT[(4/3/gmP0mP0)+(1/g)+(1/g22
mP0mP0RR11)]+)]+
(K(KfPfP/20000u/20000u22
CC00)(1/f)}∆f)(1/f)}∆f
48. Comaparison of Opamp CharateristicsComaparison of Opamp Charateristics
AV 1dB W PM I In off. In Offset 5%mm In Ref. Noise Volts Noise V @1kHz
CMR
R
PSR
R
dB MHz deg mA uV uV uVrms uV./sqrt(Hz) dB dB
selfbfcascode 95 4.40 55 0.25 0.470 10.2 100 1 85 95
lnselfbfcascode 117 2.25 75 0.78 0.278 11.5 7.12 0.1 86 112
hglnopaa 117 1.74 90 0.55 0.356 7.6 14 0.2 97 107
hglnopaa2 120 1.65 65 0.58 0.258 10.7 6 0.1 97 107
49. Future PlansFuture Plans
Verify Noise ModelVerify Noise Model
Layout opampsLayout opamps
Have Idea for one transistor opamp – exploreHave Idea for one transistor opamp – explore
Design integrating A/DDesign integrating A/D
Layout and tape out test chipLayout and tape out test chip
Look at chopper stabilized amplifier and lock in amplifierLook at chopper stabilized amplifier and lock in amplifier
50. Low noise neural recording amplifier developed at the University of Utah.Low noise neural recording amplifier developed at the University of Utah.
Left schematic shows the top level. Right schematic shows the OTALeft schematic shows the top level. Right schematic shows the OTA
opamp used in the design. Device is fabricated in AMI 1.6um technologyopamp used in the design. Device is fabricated in AMI 1.6um technology
[9].[9].