Keshav kumar panwar group no. 9 1st year 2 sem lithium (2)
•
0 likes•43 views
Lithium is a naturally occurring alkali metal present in trace amounts in the human body. It is used as a mood stabilizer to treat bipolar disorder and prevent manic-depressive episodes. While lithium has antidepressant effects, high concentrations can damage the nervous system, kidneys, and endocrine system by causing issues like hypothyroidism. Research on lithium's mechanism of action has yielded inconsistent results, but it may work by influencing neurotransmitter levels and second messenger systems in the brain.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
![Keshav Kumar Panwar [Group 9]
1st Year 2nd Semester
Kursk State Medical university
{Teacher-Yampolsky leonid milkhailovich}
Lithium
…](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/keshavkumarpanwargroupno-210717145441/85/Keshav-kumar-panwar-group-no-9-1st-year-2-sem-lithium-2-1-320.jpg)
Recommended
Lithium toxicity
Lithium is an alkali metal that has been used to treat bipolar disorder and other conditions. It has a narrow therapeutic window, and toxicity can occur with both acute and chronic overdoses. Symptoms of acute toxicity initially involve the GI system but then progress to the CNS, causing tremors, seizures, and potentially coma. Treatment involves fluid replacement and electrolyte monitoring, with dialysis for severe cases. Chronic toxicity poses the highest neurologic risk due to lithium accumulation in tissues over time.
lithium toxicity
Lithium toxicity occurs when lithium levels in the blood become too high, usually due to factors like dehydration or medication interactions. Symptoms range from hand tremors and nausea to seizures and coma. Treatment involves rehydration, activated charcoal, hemodialysis for severe cases, and managing symptoms like seizures. The main goals are supporting life functions, enhancing lithium elimination from the body, and treating any complications until lithium levels decrease to a safe range. Lithium toxicity can be acute from overdose or chronic from a build up over time while taking lithium medications.
Lithium.pptx
This document discusses lithium, a mood stabilizing drug used to treat bipolar disorder. It describes lithium's indications, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, dosage, therapeutic levels, side effects, toxicity, contraindications, and the nurse's role in monitoring patients taking lithium. Key responsibilities for nurses include assessing renal and thyroid function before starting lithium, ensuring regular dosing, monitoring for side effects, maintaining fluid balance, and obtaining frequent lithium level and lab tests.
Lithium ppt
This document discusses psychopharmacology and mood stabilizers, focusing on lithium. It describes how psychopharmacology studies drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders, which work by adjusting neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Mood stabilizers are medications that can decrease vulnerability to episodes of mania or depression without exacerbating current episodes. Commonly used mood stabilizers include lithium, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate. Lithium has been used since the late 1800s to treat bipolar disorder and works by decreasing abnormal brain activity, though its exact mechanism is unknown. Lithium requires monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index and risk of toxicity.
Basic pharmacology of lithium
Lithium is a monovalent cation that is absorbed within 6-8 hours of ingestion and reaches peak plasma levels within 2 hours. It has a plasma half-life of about 20 hours. Therapeutic plasma concentrations are between 0.6-1.4 mEq/L, achieved through a daily dosage of 0.5 mEq/kg divided into doses. Lithium is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys. Its pharmacological effects are through inhibition of inositol signaling and glycogen synthase kinase-3. This modulates intracellular signaling pathways involved in mood, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity.
Pharmacology of Drugs used in bipolar disorder & mania
Bipolar disorder involves mood swings between mania and depression. Drugs used to treat it include lithium, antiepileptics like valproate and carbamazepine, and atypical antipsychotics. Lithium is well-established as an antimanic and mood stabilizing drug. It works by altering signal transduction pathways and inhibiting enzymes like inositol monophosphatase. Lithium, valproate, and atypical antipsychotics are effective for acute mania, while lithium, lamotrigine, and some antipsychotics can help prevent future mood episodes as maintenance therapy. Careful monitoring of lithium levels is needed due to its narrow therapeutic window.
Lithium orotate experience: What can you get from taking lithium orotate?
One of the most important lithium orotate benefits is that it protects the brain through the production of new brain cells and protection against the loss of brain cells. It has also shown to reverse dementia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Animal studies on lithium orotate brain effects showed improvement in strokes and traumatic brain injuries. It can also provide benefits as a protectant against damage of the central nervous system due to Lyme disease
https://www.phcoker.com/lithium-orotate/
info@phcoker.com
Mania
Mania and bipolar disorders are mental conditions marked by alternating periods of elation and depression. Mania is characterized by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity. Lithium salts are commonly used to treat mania and bipolar disorder and act as a mood stabilizer. They work by interfering with the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in neuronal cell membranes in the central nervous system. Lithium is administered orally and excreted through the kidneys. Side effects include headaches, dry mouth, increased urination, and fatigue. Anti-epileptic drugs like carbamazepine and valproic acid as well as atypical antipsychotics
Recommended
Lithium toxicity
Lithium is an alkali metal that has been used to treat bipolar disorder and other conditions. It has a narrow therapeutic window, and toxicity can occur with both acute and chronic overdoses. Symptoms of acute toxicity initially involve the GI system but then progress to the CNS, causing tremors, seizures, and potentially coma. Treatment involves fluid replacement and electrolyte monitoring, with dialysis for severe cases. Chronic toxicity poses the highest neurologic risk due to lithium accumulation in tissues over time.
lithium toxicity
Lithium toxicity occurs when lithium levels in the blood become too high, usually due to factors like dehydration or medication interactions. Symptoms range from hand tremors and nausea to seizures and coma. Treatment involves rehydration, activated charcoal, hemodialysis for severe cases, and managing symptoms like seizures. The main goals are supporting life functions, enhancing lithium elimination from the body, and treating any complications until lithium levels decrease to a safe range. Lithium toxicity can be acute from overdose or chronic from a build up over time while taking lithium medications.
Lithium.pptx
This document discusses lithium, a mood stabilizing drug used to treat bipolar disorder. It describes lithium's indications, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, dosage, therapeutic levels, side effects, toxicity, contraindications, and the nurse's role in monitoring patients taking lithium. Key responsibilities for nurses include assessing renal and thyroid function before starting lithium, ensuring regular dosing, monitoring for side effects, maintaining fluid balance, and obtaining frequent lithium level and lab tests.
Lithium ppt
This document discusses psychopharmacology and mood stabilizers, focusing on lithium. It describes how psychopharmacology studies drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders, which work by adjusting neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Mood stabilizers are medications that can decrease vulnerability to episodes of mania or depression without exacerbating current episodes. Commonly used mood stabilizers include lithium, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate. Lithium has been used since the late 1800s to treat bipolar disorder and works by decreasing abnormal brain activity, though its exact mechanism is unknown. Lithium requires monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index and risk of toxicity.
Basic pharmacology of lithium
Lithium is a monovalent cation that is absorbed within 6-8 hours of ingestion and reaches peak plasma levels within 2 hours. It has a plasma half-life of about 20 hours. Therapeutic plasma concentrations are between 0.6-1.4 mEq/L, achieved through a daily dosage of 0.5 mEq/kg divided into doses. Lithium is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys. Its pharmacological effects are through inhibition of inositol signaling and glycogen synthase kinase-3. This modulates intracellular signaling pathways involved in mood, neuroprotection, and neuroplasticity.
Pharmacology of Drugs used in bipolar disorder & mania
Bipolar disorder involves mood swings between mania and depression. Drugs used to treat it include lithium, antiepileptics like valproate and carbamazepine, and atypical antipsychotics. Lithium is well-established as an antimanic and mood stabilizing drug. It works by altering signal transduction pathways and inhibiting enzymes like inositol monophosphatase. Lithium, valproate, and atypical antipsychotics are effective for acute mania, while lithium, lamotrigine, and some antipsychotics can help prevent future mood episodes as maintenance therapy. Careful monitoring of lithium levels is needed due to its narrow therapeutic window.
Lithium orotate experience: What can you get from taking lithium orotate?
One of the most important lithium orotate benefits is that it protects the brain through the production of new brain cells and protection against the loss of brain cells. It has also shown to reverse dementia, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Animal studies on lithium orotate brain effects showed improvement in strokes and traumatic brain injuries. It can also provide benefits as a protectant against damage of the central nervous system due to Lyme disease
https://www.phcoker.com/lithium-orotate/
info@phcoker.com
Mania
Mania and bipolar disorders are mental conditions marked by alternating periods of elation and depression. Mania is characterized by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity. Lithium salts are commonly used to treat mania and bipolar disorder and act as a mood stabilizer. They work by interfering with the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in neuronal cell membranes in the central nervous system. Lithium is administered orally and excreted through the kidneys. Side effects include headaches, dry mouth, increased urination, and fatigue. Anti-epileptic drugs like carbamazepine and valproic acid as well as atypical antipsychotics
Lithium
Lithium was first introduced as a treatment for mania in 1949 and approved by the FDA for this purpose in 1970. It is effective for treating manic episodes and preventing recurrent manic/depressive episodes in bipolar patients. Lithium is readily absorbed and distributed throughout extracellular fluid, reaching peak plasma levels within 2-4 hours. It is excreted primarily through the kidneys, with an elimination half-life of around 24 hours. Therapeutic lithium levels range from 0.6-1.2 mEq/L, depending on whether it is being used to treat an acute episode or for long-term maintenance. Adverse effects are generally dose-related and include nausea, tremors, and
Antimanic drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat mania. It begins by defining mania as a state of abnormally elevated mood and energy. Lithium carbonate is described as the first drug found to effectively treat mania through suppressing manic episodes and preventing mood cycling. The mechanisms of lithium's action and its use, efficacy, adverse effects, and interactions are explained in detail. Alternatives to lithium that are commonly used include sodium valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and atypical antipsychotics either alone or in combination with other drugs. These alternatives are described as having comparable efficacy to lithium in treating acute mania and maintaining remission of bipolar disorder.
Antimaniacs- drugs , bipolar disorder, etc
Antimanic drugs like lithium are used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing moods and controlling symptoms of mania. Lithium was the first drug approved for this use and remains a standard treatment. It likely works by influencing neurotransmitter levels in the brain or reducing nerve impulse excitability. Other antimanic drugs include anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics. While effective, lithium requires monitoring due to potential side effects like nausea, thirst, and toxicity at high levels impacting the kidneys, heart, and brain.
Antimanic drugs and its pharmacology
Pharmacology of antimanic drug , mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and uses of lithium carbonate
Lithium
Lithium is the first identified treatment for bipolar disorder and is effective at preventing future episodes. It is thought to work by altering sodium transport across cell membranes and the metabolism of neurotransmitters like serotonin and catecholamines. Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, weight gain, tremors and kidney problems. It can be augmented with other medications like antipsychotics or antidepressants but requires monitoring of kidney and thyroid function due to risks of toxicity.
Mood stabilising agents
This document discusses mood disorders like mania, depression and bipolar disorder. It provides details about lithium carbonate, which is a primary drug used to treat mania and bipolar disorder but has a low therapeutic index. The document summarizes lithium's mechanism of action, efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions and monitoring considerations. It also mentions alternatives to lithium like various anti-convulsants and atypical antipsychotics that are now commonly used to control mania.
mood stabilizers.pdf 2024updated lithium
This document discusses mood stabilizers including lithium, various anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics. It provides in-depth information on the mechanisms of action, clinical indications, dosing, monitoring, side effects, and toxicity of lithium and sodium valproate. Lithium is effective for manic episodes, suicide prevention, and maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder. Valproate is proven effective for acute mania and commonly used long-term to prevent manic recurrence. Both require monitoring of plasma levels and side effects like gastrointestinal issues, tremors, and potential renal and thyroid impacts.
antimania-210724111151.pptx
Antimanic drugs are used to treat episodes of mania in bipolar disorder. Mania involves exaggerated feelings of well-being and hyperactivity that can include delusions and psychosis. Three commonly used antimanic drugs are lithium, anticonvulsants like carbamazepine and valproic acid, and atypical antipsychotics. These drugs are believed to work by influencing neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin or reducing brain cell excitability. Lithium is the standard treatment and works long-term to reduce manic episodes, though it requires monitoring due to potential side effects like lithium toxicity, hypothyroidism, weight gain and renal problems. Antimanic drugs aim to safely manage manic
Mood stabilizing agents
This document discusses mood stabilizing agents used to treat bipolar disorder. It begins with a brief history of lithium, discovered in 1817 and first used to treat mania in 1871. By the 20th century its use declined due to toxicity but was rediscovered in 1949. The document outlines various drugs used as mood stabilizers including lithium, anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics. It discusses the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and nurses' responsibilities regarding these important medications.
Rol of lithium in psychiatry osmanali
This document provides an overview of lithium, including its chemistry, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, therapeutic indications, and guidelines for use. It discusses how lithium is approved for treating manic episodes and maintenance therapy in bipolar disorder. Specifically, lithium is effective for reducing the frequency, severity and duration of manic and depressive episodes when used long-term for maintenance. It also significantly reduces suicide risk. Guidelines recommend initiating lithium maintenance therapy after one or two episodes to prevent future episodes from occurring.
Melatonin and lifestyle diseases
Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is produced by the pineal gland. Lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer have emerged as major global killers. Melatonin plays various roles in the body including as an antioxidant, immunomodulator, and in circadian rhythm regulation. It may help reduce the risk of lifestyle diseases by combating inflammation, protecting against cancer, and supporting brain and heart health. Melatonin levels decline with age and certain lifestyle factors like light exposure at night, and restoring optimal melatonin levels may support health.
Anti manic drug lithium
Lithium is an anti-manic drug that is used to treat bipolar disorder and depression. It works by interacting with the transport of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium in neurons. Specifically, it may modulate glutamate receptors to stabilize mood. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index, so regular monitoring of serum levels is required. Common side effects include dry mouth, confusion, and nausea. It can be toxic at high levels and has many drug interactions, so caution is needed with other medications. Lithium is taken orally as extended release tablets.
Mood Stabccccccccccffffffffddddilizers.pdf
This document discusses mood stabilizers, specifically lithium, for treating bipolar disorder. It covers the mechanisms of action of lithium, including enhancing neuronal resilience and modulating neurotransmitter systems. It provides guidance on lithium dosing and monitoring serum levels, aiming for target levels of 0.6-1.2 mEq/L depending on the treatment phase. Side effects of lithium are addressed, particularly renal and thyroid effects that require ongoing monitoring. The document provides an overview of using lithium for acute mania and long-term maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder.
Lithium Toxicity
The patient, a 53-year-old man with bipolar disorder treated with lithium carbonate, presented with loose stool, nausea, fatigue, and loss of energy over the past two days. His lithium level was found to be 3.17 mmol/L, above the therapeutic range of 0.50-1.20 mmol/L, indicating lithium toxicity. He was admitted and treated supportively with IV fluids and discontinuation of lithium. His lithium level decreased to 0.68 mmol/L after 4 days and he was discharged to psychiatric care after one week.
Antidepressants
A power point presentation on drugs used in depressive disorders for the undergraduate MBBS students of Pharmacology
Lithium toxicity
This slide contains information regarding Lithium Toxicity. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
MANIA , PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIMANIC DRUGS
This document discusses the mechanisms by which the drug lithium works to treat bipolar disorder. It summarizes that lithium has effects at multiple levels in the brain and on neurotransmission. Specifically, it inhibits excitatory neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate while promoting the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. The document also discusses lithium's effects on modulating cellular signaling pathways involved in the phosphoinositide cycle, protein kinase C, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and neurotrophic factors. Understanding how lithium works is important for further advancing the treatment of bipolar disorder.
mania disorder.pptx
In this slideshare we gonna discuss about Mania Disorder, a key component of Bipolar Disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, with episodes of mania at one end and depressive states on the other. This comprehensive presentation delves into the complexities of Mania Disorder, shedding light on its symptoms, underlying causes, and the range of treatment options available.
Biotransfermation of drugs by harsha
1) Biotransformation, or metabolism, involves the chemical alteration of drugs in the body by enzymes to make them more water soluble and easier to eliminate. This occurs mainly in the liver.
2) Phase I metabolism involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions using cytochrome P450 enzymes to introduce functional groups. Phase II metabolism involves conjugation reactions like glucuronidation and sulfation to further increase water solubility.
3) Factors like age, sex, disease states, genetic variations, and drug-drug interactions can impact drug metabolism by inducing or inhibiting metabolizing enzymes. Understanding a drug's metabolism is important for efficacy, safety, and interactions.
Antimanic drugs and mood stabilizing agents
A PowerPoint presentation on "Antimaniac drugs" suitable Medical and paramedical students (UG & PG), Research scholars, Faculty and others.
Pyramidal system Keshav Kumar Panwar.pptx
The pyramidal system consists of two main tracts - the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar tract. These tracts originate from the cerebral cortex and carry motor signals to the spinal cord and brainstem. Nerve fibers in these tracts terminate on motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, controlling voluntary muscle movements and influencing reflexes. Damage to the pyramidal tracts can result in symptoms like spasticity and abnormal reflexes due to disruption of signals controlling motor functions.
Electro-Encephalography.pptx
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. It is a non-invasive procedure that measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within neurons. EEG can be used to diagnose conditions like brain tumors, head injuries, encephalopathy, encephalitis, strokes, and sleep disorders by analyzing the amplitude and frequency of brain waves. While EEG provides good temporal resolution and is portable with lower costs than other methods, it also has disadvantages like high noise, low spatial resolution, and distortion from the skull.
More Related Content
Similar to Keshav kumar panwar group no. 9 1st year 2 sem lithium (2)
Lithium
Lithium was first introduced as a treatment for mania in 1949 and approved by the FDA for this purpose in 1970. It is effective for treating manic episodes and preventing recurrent manic/depressive episodes in bipolar patients. Lithium is readily absorbed and distributed throughout extracellular fluid, reaching peak plasma levels within 2-4 hours. It is excreted primarily through the kidneys, with an elimination half-life of around 24 hours. Therapeutic lithium levels range from 0.6-1.2 mEq/L, depending on whether it is being used to treat an acute episode or for long-term maintenance. Adverse effects are generally dose-related and include nausea, tremors, and
Antimanic drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat mania. It begins by defining mania as a state of abnormally elevated mood and energy. Lithium carbonate is described as the first drug found to effectively treat mania through suppressing manic episodes and preventing mood cycling. The mechanisms of lithium's action and its use, efficacy, adverse effects, and interactions are explained in detail. Alternatives to lithium that are commonly used include sodium valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and atypical antipsychotics either alone or in combination with other drugs. These alternatives are described as having comparable efficacy to lithium in treating acute mania and maintaining remission of bipolar disorder.
Antimaniacs- drugs , bipolar disorder, etc
Antimanic drugs like lithium are used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing moods and controlling symptoms of mania. Lithium was the first drug approved for this use and remains a standard treatment. It likely works by influencing neurotransmitter levels in the brain or reducing nerve impulse excitability. Other antimanic drugs include anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics. While effective, lithium requires monitoring due to potential side effects like nausea, thirst, and toxicity at high levels impacting the kidneys, heart, and brain.
Antimanic drugs and its pharmacology
Pharmacology of antimanic drug , mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and uses of lithium carbonate
Lithium
Lithium is the first identified treatment for bipolar disorder and is effective at preventing future episodes. It is thought to work by altering sodium transport across cell membranes and the metabolism of neurotransmitters like serotonin and catecholamines. Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, weight gain, tremors and kidney problems. It can be augmented with other medications like antipsychotics or antidepressants but requires monitoring of kidney and thyroid function due to risks of toxicity.
Mood stabilising agents
This document discusses mood disorders like mania, depression and bipolar disorder. It provides details about lithium carbonate, which is a primary drug used to treat mania and bipolar disorder but has a low therapeutic index. The document summarizes lithium's mechanism of action, efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions and monitoring considerations. It also mentions alternatives to lithium like various anti-convulsants and atypical antipsychotics that are now commonly used to control mania.
mood stabilizers.pdf 2024updated lithium
This document discusses mood stabilizers including lithium, various anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics. It provides in-depth information on the mechanisms of action, clinical indications, dosing, monitoring, side effects, and toxicity of lithium and sodium valproate. Lithium is effective for manic episodes, suicide prevention, and maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder. Valproate is proven effective for acute mania and commonly used long-term to prevent manic recurrence. Both require monitoring of plasma levels and side effects like gastrointestinal issues, tremors, and potential renal and thyroid impacts.
antimania-210724111151.pptx
Antimanic drugs are used to treat episodes of mania in bipolar disorder. Mania involves exaggerated feelings of well-being and hyperactivity that can include delusions and psychosis. Three commonly used antimanic drugs are lithium, anticonvulsants like carbamazepine and valproic acid, and atypical antipsychotics. These drugs are believed to work by influencing neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin or reducing brain cell excitability. Lithium is the standard treatment and works long-term to reduce manic episodes, though it requires monitoring due to potential side effects like lithium toxicity, hypothyroidism, weight gain and renal problems. Antimanic drugs aim to safely manage manic
Mood stabilizing agents
This document discusses mood stabilizing agents used to treat bipolar disorder. It begins with a brief history of lithium, discovered in 1817 and first used to treat mania in 1871. By the 20th century its use declined due to toxicity but was rediscovered in 1949. The document outlines various drugs used as mood stabilizers including lithium, anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics. It discusses the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and nurses' responsibilities regarding these important medications.
Rol of lithium in psychiatry osmanali
This document provides an overview of lithium, including its chemistry, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, therapeutic indications, and guidelines for use. It discusses how lithium is approved for treating manic episodes and maintenance therapy in bipolar disorder. Specifically, lithium is effective for reducing the frequency, severity and duration of manic and depressive episodes when used long-term for maintenance. It also significantly reduces suicide risk. Guidelines recommend initiating lithium maintenance therapy after one or two episodes to prevent future episodes from occurring.
Melatonin and lifestyle diseases
Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is produced by the pineal gland. Lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer have emerged as major global killers. Melatonin plays various roles in the body including as an antioxidant, immunomodulator, and in circadian rhythm regulation. It may help reduce the risk of lifestyle diseases by combating inflammation, protecting against cancer, and supporting brain and heart health. Melatonin levels decline with age and certain lifestyle factors like light exposure at night, and restoring optimal melatonin levels may support health.
Anti manic drug lithium
Lithium is an anti-manic drug that is used to treat bipolar disorder and depression. It works by interacting with the transport of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium in neurons. Specifically, it may modulate glutamate receptors to stabilize mood. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic index, so regular monitoring of serum levels is required. Common side effects include dry mouth, confusion, and nausea. It can be toxic at high levels and has many drug interactions, so caution is needed with other medications. Lithium is taken orally as extended release tablets.
Mood Stabccccccccccffffffffddddilizers.pdf
This document discusses mood stabilizers, specifically lithium, for treating bipolar disorder. It covers the mechanisms of action of lithium, including enhancing neuronal resilience and modulating neurotransmitter systems. It provides guidance on lithium dosing and monitoring serum levels, aiming for target levels of 0.6-1.2 mEq/L depending on the treatment phase. Side effects of lithium are addressed, particularly renal and thyroid effects that require ongoing monitoring. The document provides an overview of using lithium for acute mania and long-term maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder.
Lithium Toxicity
The patient, a 53-year-old man with bipolar disorder treated with lithium carbonate, presented with loose stool, nausea, fatigue, and loss of energy over the past two days. His lithium level was found to be 3.17 mmol/L, above the therapeutic range of 0.50-1.20 mmol/L, indicating lithium toxicity. He was admitted and treated supportively with IV fluids and discontinuation of lithium. His lithium level decreased to 0.68 mmol/L after 4 days and he was discharged to psychiatric care after one week.
Antidepressants
A power point presentation on drugs used in depressive disorders for the undergraduate MBBS students of Pharmacology
Lithium toxicity
This slide contains information regarding Lithium Toxicity. This can be helpful for proficiency level and bachelor level nursing students. Your feedback is highly appreciated. Thank you!
MANIA , PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIMANIC DRUGS
This document discusses the mechanisms by which the drug lithium works to treat bipolar disorder. It summarizes that lithium has effects at multiple levels in the brain and on neurotransmission. Specifically, it inhibits excitatory neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate while promoting the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. The document also discusses lithium's effects on modulating cellular signaling pathways involved in the phosphoinositide cycle, protein kinase C, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and neurotrophic factors. Understanding how lithium works is important for further advancing the treatment of bipolar disorder.
mania disorder.pptx
In this slideshare we gonna discuss about Mania Disorder, a key component of Bipolar Disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, with episodes of mania at one end and depressive states on the other. This comprehensive presentation delves into the complexities of Mania Disorder, shedding light on its symptoms, underlying causes, and the range of treatment options available.
Biotransfermation of drugs by harsha
1) Biotransformation, or metabolism, involves the chemical alteration of drugs in the body by enzymes to make them more water soluble and easier to eliminate. This occurs mainly in the liver.
2) Phase I metabolism involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions using cytochrome P450 enzymes to introduce functional groups. Phase II metabolism involves conjugation reactions like glucuronidation and sulfation to further increase water solubility.
3) Factors like age, sex, disease states, genetic variations, and drug-drug interactions can impact drug metabolism by inducing or inhibiting metabolizing enzymes. Understanding a drug's metabolism is important for efficacy, safety, and interactions.
Antimanic drugs and mood stabilizing agents
A PowerPoint presentation on "Antimaniac drugs" suitable Medical and paramedical students (UG & PG), Research scholars, Faculty and others.
Similar to Keshav kumar panwar group no. 9 1st year 2 sem lithium (2) (20)
More from TigerJi1
Pyramidal system Keshav Kumar Panwar.pptx
The pyramidal system consists of two main tracts - the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar tract. These tracts originate from the cerebral cortex and carry motor signals to the spinal cord and brainstem. Nerve fibers in these tracts terminate on motor neurons and interneurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, controlling voluntary muscle movements and influencing reflexes. Damage to the pyramidal tracts can result in symptoms like spasticity and abnormal reflexes due to disruption of signals controlling motor functions.
Electro-Encephalography.pptx
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. It is a non-invasive procedure that measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within neurons. EEG can be used to diagnose conditions like brain tumors, head injuries, encephalopathy, encephalitis, strokes, and sleep disorders by analyzing the amplitude and frequency of brain waves. While EEG provides good temporal resolution and is portable with lower costs than other methods, it also has disadvantages like high noise, low spatial resolution, and distortion from the skull.
Paracelsus.pptx
Keshav Kumar Panwar is the name of the student. He is in Group 9 according to the document. The document provides the name and group of the student Keshav Kumar Panwar.
Types of bleeding ppt
There are three main types of bleeding: arterial, venous, and capillary. Arterial bleeding is the most severe as blood spurts from damaged arteries in time with heartbeats. Venous bleeding is also serious as veins carry a high blood volume, though blood flows consistently rather than spurting. Capillary bleeding is the least serious as blood trickles from capillaries before stopping. First aid treatments involve applying direct pressure with dressings or bandages to control bleeding from arteries, veins, or capillaries.
Syphilis by swami
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is transmitted through direct contact with syphilis sores during sex, from mother to fetus, or rarely through blood transfusion. Syphilis has four stages - primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The primary stage involves a painless sore called a chancre, while the secondary stage has diffuse symptoms like rash and fever. Without treatment, later stages can involve serious complications in multiple organ systems. Syphilis is diagnosed through clinical examination, dark-field microscopy of sores, and serological blood tests. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin or doxycycline.
Sexual Transmitted Disease
The document discusses sexual transmitted diseases (STDs), including how they are spread, common symptoms, and types. There are three main types of STDs - bacterial, parasitic, and viral. Bacterial STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, which can often be cured with antibiotics. Parasitic STDs consist of pubic lice, scabies, and trichomoniasis. Viral STDs contain HPV, hepatitis, herpes, and HIV/AIDS, which have no cure. Abstinence is the only 100% effective way to prevent STDs, but proper condom use can help reduce risk. Getting regularly tested and seeing a doctor if any symptoms
Sanitary regime in different department in hospital
Sanitary regimes in hospital departments aim to prevent infection through cleaning, disinfection, and hygiene practices. The admission department conducts initial patient exams and showers. The emergency department samples blood and fluids for analysis and provides hygienic showers. The surgical department isolates infectious patients, conducts cleaning between patients, and maintains sterile conditions through practices like centralized water and ventilation. Strict adherence to sanitary standards prevents hospital-acquired infections.
Buffer solutions. Blood buffer systems and their mechanisms of action. Sahil...
Buffer solutions. Blood buffer systems and
their mechanisms of action.
[Group 10]
1st Year 2nd Semester
Kursk State Medical university
Presentation biology
Homeostasis it’s mechanisms in ontogenesis
[Group 9]
1st Year 2nd Semester
Kursk State Medical university
Lymphatic system by kk
Tissue fluid containing waste and nutrients leaks from blood capillaries into tissues. The lymph system collects this fluid, called lymph, through lymph capillaries. Lymph is transported through lymph vessels to lymph nodes where it is filtered before returning to the bloodstream. The lymph system helps return fluid to the bloodstream, transports fat and nutrients, and fights infections by circulating white blood cells and filtering lymph in lymph nodes.
Life sefty ppt
Meteorological disasters are caused by extreme weather such as rain, snow, heat or cold, ice, or wind. Major meteorological disasters that can occur in India include cyclones, thunderstorms, typhoons, and tornadoes. Cyclone Amphan in 2020 was one of the worst to hit the region in over a decade, killing over 80 people and causing $13 billion in damage. The National Disaster Management Authority is responsible for disaster prevention, preparedness, and coordination between state authorities.
Kk post operative care
This document outlines post-operative care for patients. It discusses the phases of care in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), including phase I where intensive nursing care is needed to monitor for complications, and phase II where patients require less observation. The document also describes the nursing management of post-op patients, which involves closely monitoring vitals, maintaining intravenous fluids and intake/output, relieving pain and anxiety, and providing patient education before discharge. The overall goal of post-operative care is to enable a safe and fast recovery for patients.
Kk arterial pressure ppt
Arterial pressure is the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels and chambers of the heart. It results from the pressure exerted by blood in the large arteries and depends on cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Arterial pressure fluctuates with each heartbeat according to the pumping of the heart and is influenced by factors like cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, blood volume, blood viscosity, and elasticity of vessel walls. Blood pressure readings have two values - systolic pressure occurring during heart contraction and diastolic pressure during heart relaxation.
Keshav kumar panwar ecology ppt
This document defines and describes different types of radiation. It discusses that radiation can be either natural background radiation or man-made radiation sources. It defines ionizing radiation as high energy waves or particles that can remove electrons from atoms, and non-ionizing radiation as lower energy waves that excite but do not remove electrons. Examples of biological effects of radiation exposure are given for different organs like the skin, mucous membranes, and reproductive organs. The principles of reducing radiation exposure through time, distance, and shielding are outlined.
Jyoti chemistry calcium ppt
Calcium is essential for many bodily functions. It makes up 1-1.5 kg of the total body weight, with 99% located in bones and teeth. Calcium deficiencies can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Calcium ions are also needed for blood clotting, enzyme activation, nerve signal transmission, muscle contraction including the heart, and hormone secretion. Calcium channel blockers used to treat conditions like angina and arrhythmias work by blocking calcium ion channels in cardiac and smooth muscle as well as heart conduction pathways. Calcium supplements may be used to treat osteoporosis, rickets, hypoparathyroidism, and tetany caused by low calcium levels.
Heart failure by swami
This document defines heart failure as the inability of the heart to pump adequately to meet metabolic demands or leave 40% of blood in its chambers. It discusses the epidemiology, causes, pathophysiology, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of heart failure. Key points are that heart failure prevalence is increasing with age globally, common causes include hypertension and heart attacks, and treatments involve medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes while managing complications risks.
General condition
General condition refers to the overall wellness of a patient, ranging from satisfactory to grave. Conditions classified as grave include heart disease, diabetes, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis. Middle grave refers to a mild version of grave, while satisfactory means the patient shows no signs of illness, trauma or dysfunction.
Gastrointestinal bleeding by kk
This document discusses gastrointestinal bleeding, including defining acute upper and lower GI bleeding, assessing the severity of bleeding, determining the location of bleeding, differential diagnoses, and management approaches. It provides details on the signs and symptoms of upper and lower GI bleeding, common causes, and first aid measures. The management of GI bleeding involves assessing the patient's hemodynamic status, localizing the bleeding source, checking blood work, addressing risk factors, and stopping active bleeding while preventing recurrence.
Discovery of antibiotics
This document summarizes the discovery of antibiotics. It states that antibiotics were discovered starting in the early 20th century, with Alexander Fleming discovering penicillin in 1928 after observing that mold killed bacteria. It was not until the 1940s that Howard Florey and Ernst Chain were able to produce penicillin in quantity and demonstrate its effectiveness in treating bacterial infections in animals. The widespread clinical use of antibiotics then revolutionized medicine in the 20th century by making many infectious diseases no longer a major cause of death.
Choking in adult and child
Choking in adult and child
By KK and joel [Group 9]
1st Year 2nd Semester
Kursk State Medical university
More from TigerJi1 (20)
Sanitary regime in different department in hospital
Sanitary regime in different department in hospital
Buffer solutions. Blood buffer systems and their mechanisms of action. Sahil...
Buffer solutions. Blood buffer systems and their mechanisms of action. Sahil...
Recently uploaded
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Covered community pharmacy topic of the subject Social and preventive pharmacy for Diploma and Bachelor of pharmacy
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Recently uploaded (20)
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
Community pharmacy- Social and preventive pharmacy UNIT 5
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Keshav kumar panwar group no. 9 1st year 2 sem lithium (2)
- 1. Keshav Kumar Panwar [Group 9] 1st Year 2nd Semester Kursk State Medical university {Teacher-Yampolsky leonid milkhailovich} Lithium …
- 2. Lithium in human body Lithium is a naturally occurring alkali metal, which living organisms ingest from dietary sources and which is also present in trace amounts in the human body.
- 3. Lithium is a type of medicine known as a mood stabiliser. It's used to treat mood disorders such as: mania (feeling highly excited, overactive or distracted) hypo-mania (similar to mania, but less severe) Lithium is also used to treat and prevent episodes of bipolar disorder (manic- depressive disorder; a disease that causes episodes of depression, episodes of mania, and other abnormal moods). Lithium as a antidepressant
- 4. The effects of lithium carbonate on sleep patterns have been investigated both acutely in normal and depressed subjects and chronically in depressed subjects High concentrations of lithium could cause severe damage to human including the nervous system, kidney (including sodium- losing nephritis and nephrotic syndrome) and endocrine system (including hypothyroidism). Lithium stimulates or reduced plant growth depending on its concentration. Lithium disrupts numerous metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, DNAbiosynthesis and enzyme activation in plants. Medical uses of lithium
- 5. Research on the lithium Studies examining the effect of lithium ions on the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters have, thus far, yielded inconsistent results, failing to shed any light on the mechanism of action of lithium in vivo. Lithium ions prevent the development of functional super sensitivity to dopamine and acetylcholine receptor stimulation, most likely by influencing second messenger systems. Lithium ions increase basal cAMP levels and inhibit the neurotransmitter-stimulated accumulation of cAMP in the brain and other tissues. The inhibitory effects of chronic lithium treatment on the PI system have also been demonstrated in humans. Peripheral cells from manic-depressive patients show increased hormonal sensitivity in the phosphoinositide (PI) system. Thus, it appears that lithium ions might compensate for the hyperactivity of the PI system which is associated with illness in these patients.
- 6. Reference:- Indian Journal of Advances in Chemical Science Lithium (medication) –Wikipedia The New News about Lithium: An Underutilized Treatment in the United States(nih.gov)