Pakistan claims Jammu and Kashmir based on its majority Muslim population, whereas China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin. The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947. ... The present conflict is in Kashmir Valley

3.  The state of jammu and Kashmir was the most important state in the sub-
continent.
 It is situated in the north part of indo-pak sub-continent
 It was the biggest state in India and occupied 84471 sqr miles of territory.
 It has its boundaries with Tibet,china,russia, and Afghanistan which have
placed it in a great strategic position.
Kashmir issue

5.  The river Indus, Jhelum and Chenab, which are the sources of
life for Pakistan, flow into Pakistan from the state of jammu and
Kashmir making it a whole geographical unit.
 The state had its road and rail links with Pakistan.
 Its import and exports move through Pakistan.
 Both the countries are well wisher of each other.
Relation ship between Kashmir and Pakistan

6.  The total population of the state according to 1941 census,was about
4,000,000 which comprised majority of Muslim residents.
 The Muslim were in clear majority in every province of the valley.
 The state of gammu and Kashmir was ruled by a dogra ruler Gulab singh.
 The dogra dynasty has purchased the state from the British government in
1846 for 7.5 million of rupees.
Historical back ground

7.  The Muslims were ruthlessly subjected to the most inhuman treatment .
 They were heavily taxed and made to live a poor life.
 The Hindus were given preference in government jobs over Muslims.
 Cruel punishments were awarded to Muslims
Condition of Muslims in Kashmir

8.  The first battle for the freedom of state was fought in 1930/
 It was in consequences to the repressive and arbitrary rule of Dogra dynasty.
 The movement was organized and led by Shaikh Abdullah and Ghulam
Abbas from the platform of Kashmir Muslim conference.
 The maharaja as usual, adopted repressive and tyrannical measures to
suppress the movement.
First battle

9.  There were large scale arrests and firings.
 Muslims from the neighboring areas entered Kashmir to help their
Muslims brethren.

11.  When the sub-continent was divided, there were 562 princely states
 All states were divided except three states.
 Jammu Kashmir,Hydrabad and junagedh.
 Hyderabad and junagadh ruler were Muslims where as majority of
population in states was non Muslims
 And in Jammu Kashmir ruler was Hindu and majority of people in states
was Muslims
At the time of division

12.  According to Hindustan agenda, those states which has majority of
Muslims should join Pakistan and those states which has majority of
non Muslims should join India.
 But it remain incomplete agenda.
Hindustan agenda

13.  When the sub-continent was, divided the state was ruled by maharaja
Hari Singh who too was a tyrannical ruler .
 The people of Kashmir at the time of partition felt that in view of
Muslim majority population ,the state would accede to Pakistan and
they would soon be out of the clutches of the oppressive Dogra rule.
In 1947

15.  Ruler don’t want to join Pakistan and he also don’t want to join India.
 He want to keep Kashmir independent state.
 He sent a stand still agreement to Pakistan and India.
 India and Pakistan both singed it.
Stand still agreement

17.  When the public pressure increased the Hindu ruler concluded a treaty with Pakistan.
With the conclusion of the treaty, a large scale Muslim massacre was planned to turn
the majority into minority.
More than 2,37,000 innocent Muslims were executed and nearly 500,000 were made to
leave their homes and seek shelter in Pakistan.
The Hindu ruler could not control the uprising and made an appeal to the Indian
government to extended assistance to control the situation.
Indian government put a condition that for that first you have to join us so maharaja
announce the accession of Jammu and Kashmir with India.
Treaty with Pakistan

18.  The people of Kashmir fought in a violent manner against Indian forces.
 The volunteers from tribal areas entered Kashmir to help them.
 Most of the area was liberated from Indian occupation.
 War between India and Pakistan starts.
People of Kashmir

19.  The security council pass two resolutions on 3rth august 1948 and 5th
January 1949 and argued the states to stop fighting.
 UNO decided to draw a boundary line between them.
 Both the countries have to with draw with their previous positions so that
the verdict of the people of Jammu and Kashmir, for accession either to
India or Pakistan could be ascerrtained.
 Both countries accepted case-fire .

20.  After case-fire India did not hold pledsite in the valley of Kashmir as was decided
by resolutions of the UNO.
 The Kashmir problem could not be settled in spite of the best efforts of UNO.
 India rejected UNO proposals in 1949.
 In 1973 Pakistan signed simla agreement where by both the countries are
committed to resolve their differences including Kashmir issue through peaceful
negotiations only.

21.  Since than Pakistan has taken initiative and invited world attention at
different forums to persuade India to fulfil its commitment to give right of
self-determination to the people of Kashmir.
 Kashmiris has launched liberation movement and it has been going on for
the last few years.
 Thousand Kashmiri youths has laid down their live so far.
 The problem is still continue.

22. Self determination
 People of Kashmir should have authority to join any one from Pakistan
and India according to their will.
Solution of Kashmir issue

23. It was suggested in 1960,would see Kashmir divided along the
line of river Chenab this would give the majority of land to the
Pakistan .
The entire valley with its Muslim majority areas as well as
Muslim areas of Jammu.
The Chenab formula.

24. They should have authority to live their life by their own
without joining India and Pakistan if they want.
Independent Kashmir.