Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to manufacture identical parts accurately and interchangeably. Jigs both hold and guide cutting tools, while fixtures only hold workpieces. Key advantages of jigs and fixtures include increased productivity, interchangeability, quality control, and cost reduction through standardized production. Their primary purposes are to reduce production costs while maintaining consistent quality and maximizing efficiency. Common types of jigs include template, plate, and drill jigs, while fixtures are used for milling, grinding and other operations.

1. JIGS AND FIXTURES

2. Introduction
 Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately
manufacture duplicate and interchangeable parts. Jigs and
fixtures are specially designed so that large numbers of
components can be machined or assembled identically,
and to ensure interchangeability of components.

3. Jigs
 It is a work holding device that holds, supports and locates
the work piece and guides the cutting tool for a specific
operation. Jigs are usually fitted with hardened steel
bushings for guiding or other cutting tools. a jig is a type
of tool used to control the location and/or motion of
another tool. A jig's primary purpose is to provide
repeatability, accuracy, and interchangeability in the
manufacturing of products. A device that does both
functions (holding the work and guiding a tool) is called a
jig.
 An example of a jig is when a key is duplicated, the
original is used as a jig so the new key can have the same
path as the old one

6. Fixtures
 It is a work holding device that holds, supports and locates the workpiece
for a specific operation but does not guide the cutting tool. It provides
only a reference surface or a device. What makes a fixture unique is that
each one is built to fit a particular part or shape. The main purpose of a
fixture is to locate and in some cases hold a workpiece during either a
machining operation or some other industrial process. A jig differs from a
fixture in that a it guides the tool to its correct position in addition to
locating and supporting the workpiece.
 Examples: Vises, chucks

7. Difference between Jigs and Fixtures:
JIG Fixture
1. It is a work holding device that holds,
supports and locates the workpiece and
guides the cutting tool for a specific operation
1. It is a work holding device that holds,
supports and locates the workpiece for a
specific operation but does not guide the
cutting tool
2. Jigs are not clamped to the Machine
table unless large diameters to be drilled.
2. Fixtures should be securely clamped to
the table of the machine upon which the work
is done.
3. The jigs are special tools used particularly in
drilling, reaming, tapping and boring operation.
3. Fixtures are specific tools used
Particularly in milling machine, shapers and
slotting machine.
5. Lighter in construction. 5. Heavier in construction.

8. Advantages of Jigs and Fixtures
 PRODUCTIVITY: Jigs and fixtures increases the productivity by eliminating
the individual marking, positioning and frequent checking. The operation
time is also reduced due to increase in speed, feed and depth of cut
because of high clamping rigidity.
 INTERCHANGEABILITY AND QUALITY: Jigs and fixtures facilitate the
production of articles in large quantities with high degree of accuracy,
uniform quality and interchangeability at a competitive cost .
 SKILL REDUCTION: There is no need for skillful setting of work on tool.
Jigs and fixtures makes possible to employ unskilled or semi skilled
machine operator to make savings in labour cost
 COST REDUCTION: Higher production, reduction in scrap, easy assembly
and savings in labour cost results in ultimate reduction in unit cost.

9. Fundamental principles of Jigs
and Fixtures design
 LOCATING POINTS:
 FOOL PROOF
 REDUCTION OF IDLE TIME
 WEIGHT OF JIGS AND FIXTURES
 JIGS PROVIDED WITH FEET
 MATERIALS FOR JIGS AND FIXTURES
 CLAMPING DEVICE
 Cleanliness of machining process
 Replaceable part or standardization
 Provision for coolant
 Economic soundness

10. Jigs
 The most-common jigs are drill and boring jigs.
 These tools are fundamentally the same.
 The difference lies in the size, type, and placement of the drill bushings.
 Boring jigs usually have larger bushings.
 These bushings may also have internal oil grooves.

11.  The two common forms of jigs are open and closed.
 Open jigs carry out operations on only one, or sometimes
two, sides of a work piece.
 Closed jigs, on the other hand, operate on two or more
sides.
 The most-common open jigs are template jigs, plate jigs,
table jigs, sandwich jigs, and angle plate jigs.
 Typical examples of closed jigs include box jigs, channel jigs,
and leaf jigs.

12. Fixtures
 Fixtures have a much-wider scope of application than jigs.
 These workholders are designed for applications where the cutting tools
cannot be guided as easily as a drill.
 With fixtures, an edge finder, center finder, or gage blocks position the
cutter.
 Examples of the more-common fixtures include milling fixtures, lathe
fixtures, sawing fixtures, and grinding fixtures.
 Moreover, a fixture can be used in almost any operation that requires a
precise relationship in the position of a tool to a workpiece.

13. Primary purposes of jigs and
fixtures:
 Reduce the cost of production
 Maintain consistent quality
 Maximize efficiency
 Enable a variety of parts to be made to correct
specifications
 Reduce operator errors

14. Types Of Drilling Jigs:
 1. Template jig
 2. plate type jig
 3. Open type jig
 4. Channel jig
 5. Leaf Jig
 6. Box type jig

15. Template Jig:
•This is the simplest type of jig;
• It is simply a plate made to the shape and
size of the work piece;
• with the require number of holes made it.
•This type of jig is suitable if only a few part
are to be made.

16. Plate Type Jig:
•This is an improvement of the template type of jig.
•In place of simple holes, drill bushes are provided in the
plate to guide the drill.
•The work piece can be clamped to the plate and holes
can be drilled.
• The plate jig are employed to drill holes in large parts,
maintaining accurate spacing with each other.

17. Open Type Jig:
 In this jig the top of the jig is open; the work piece is placed on the top.