Jean-Jacques Rousseau was an 18th century philosopher, writer and composer born in Geneva, Switzerland in 1712. He believed that people are naturally good but become corrupted by society. He advocated for direct democracy and for education that cultivates natural tendencies. His works influenced the French Revolution and modern political thought, promoting concepts like popular sovereignty, consent of the governed, and the social contract.

1. By: IKRAM ULLAH AND
KHAYYAM BAIG

2. Childhood
 Born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28,1712
 His mother died shortly after childbirth
 His father was a poor watchmaker and dance
master
 When he was ten his father run away Geneva
 He was then raised by his mothers sister

3.  Rousseau was a major philosopher, writer and
composer, music of the eighteen century.
 His political philosophy influenced the
French Revolution and the development of
modern politics and education thoughts.
 In French Revolution he played great rule. He
provide influential radical argument and
more important extraordinary powerful
images and phrases, which were widely cited
during French Revolution.

4.  He stopped traditional schooling at the age
of 12
 Was apprenticed to several trades but had no
success
 In 1728 he ran away from Geneva and joined
the Catholic church
 Later became lover to a wealthy widow who
provided for his education in the classics and
music

5.  Attempted teaching but did not like it
 Was not recognized for his system of
musical system
 Was an insufficient secretary to the
French ambassador in Venice
 Finally moved back to Paris after his
failed attempts

6.  David Hume born on 7 may 1711 was a
Scottish
historian,philospher,economist,diplomat
e.In light of Hume’s central role in the
Scottish Enlightenment, and in the
history of western philosophy
 While Hume failed in his attempts to
start a university career, he took part in
various diplomatic and military missions
of the time.

7.  He wrote the history of England which
became a bestseller
 Hume’s compatibilist theory of free
will proved extremely influential on
subsequent moral philosophy.

8.  The social contract 1762 laid out Rousseau
ideas regarding how to establishment a
political community.
 We want to create society.
 He was an ideologist. Because his view of
optimism. He believes that Men kind was
essentially good by nature.

9.  In Paris in 1745 he took a mistress, Therese
le Vasseur
 They had five children
 Jean took them all to the Foundling Hospital
to be raised as children
 He later married Therese in 1768

10.  Wrote an essay called “Discourse on the Arts
and Sciences” and won a literary prize from
the Academy of Dijon in 1749
 This gave him literary fame and he returned
to Geneva in1754
 He published several essays and had some
different mistresses in the next few years.
 Wrote publish work discourse on origin of
inequality and social contrast.

11.  In 1762 he published his most famous works,
“The Social Contract” and “Emile”
 Due to the content of these books about
religion and his opinion that there should be
a democratic city-state in France he was
exiled by the government.
 He did not like it so in 1770 he returned to
Paris

12.  Rousseau wrote this novel to show his beliefs on
education.
 It consists of five books and the different stages of
learning
 Book 1: Infancy: Goodness of men, keep children
should be kept form forming bad habits
 Book 2: “The age of Nature”: purpose of education,
school environment, self motivated learning,
discipline and physical education

13.  Book 3: Pre-adolescence : Intellectual education,
geography, science, history and other subjects
are learned by desire to learn them
 Book 4: Puberty: social attitudes, and natural
religion
 Book 5: Adulthood: love, education of women

14.  The basic philosophy of education that Rousseau
advocates in the Emile, much like his book
thought in the first two discourses, is rotted n
the nation that human being are good by nature.
The Emile is a large work, which is divided into
five books.
 Rousseau’s claim that the goal of education
should be to cultivate our natural tendencies.
 Rousseau claims that by our nature, each of us
has this natural feeling of love toward ourselves.
We naturally look after own protection and
interest.

15.  The tutor must even manipulate the
environment in order to teach sometime
difficult moral lessons about humbleness,
chastity, and honesty.
 Therefore goal of Emile’s natural education
is in large part to keep him from falling into
the corrupted form of this type of self-love.
 Rousseau's philosophy of education,
therefore, is not geared simply at particular
techniques that best ensure for the society.

16.  People are naturally good but they become
corrupted by the evils of society.
 He believed in liberty, equality, and
community
 Theory of nature he dislike the corruption in
society. He further says our educational
system are totally wrong. They also says no
justice in society.

17. Make the citizen good by training,
and everything else will
follow.” - Jean Jacques Rousseau
Man is born free, but is everywhere
in chain.

19.  Believed that government should create laws
that benefit the majority of the people.
 This limits government in that government
must help the majority.
 This concept is democracy.

20.  He say to the point that they cause the pain
and inequality that they do in the society. If
humans could have remained in this state,
they would have been happy for the most
part, primarily because the various task that
they engaged in could all be done by each
individual.
 Rousseau says, all ran to meet their chains
thinking they secured their freedom, for
although they had enough reasoned to feel
the advantage of political establishment,

21.  The discourse on the origin of inequality
remains one of Rousseau's most famous
works, and lays the foundation for much of
his political thought as it is expressed in the
Discourse on political economy and social
contract.
Ultimately, the work is based on the idea that
by nature, humans are essentially peaceful,
content, and equal.
 It is socialization process that has produced
inequality, competition, and the egoistic
mentality.

22.  People are essentially good but they become
corrupted by the evils of society.
 He believed in liberty, equality, and
fraternity
“Make the citizen good by
training, and everything else will
follow.” - Jean Jacques
Rousseau

23.  Back in Paris he published several more less
aggressive works and an performance.
 Rousseau suffered from psychological
feelings of persecution and lived in a cottage
at Ermenonville for the last few months of
his life
 Due to his mental and physical health
problems he died of a stroke on July 2, 1778

24.  Immanuel Kant come after Rousseau. His
thought that moral law is based on
rationality, Kant influence on Rousseau’s
political thought.
 His philosophy was largely instrumental in
the late eighteen century Romantic
Naturalism movement in Europe.
 In Kant's ethics, one of the major themes is
the claim that moral actions are those that
can be universalized. Morality is something
separate from individual happiness.

25. thank you